10 September 2013, Volume 27 Issue 8
    

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  • ZHANG Cai-bo, WU Zhang-dong, XU Wei, RONG Ting-zhao, CAO Mo-ju
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1061-1068. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1061
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    In order to discover and utilize the valuable resources from spaceflight mutagenesis maize offspring effectively, cross combinations derived from the offspring of three different maize inbred lines induced by space flight were made to investigate the yield and related agronomic traits under different environmental conditions. Correlation and path analysis indicated that the factors affecting the yield of combinations varied with different mutagenic materials and environmental effects with larger effect coming from environment. Therefore, different selection strategies should be chosen for different induced maize. For the 08-641 mutagenic material, the 100-kernel weight should be first considered to select while taking into account the number of rows per ear and kernels per row. For the RP125 mutagenic material, the kernels per row should be first selected, and then to select the 100-kernels weight and the number of rows per ear traits. For 18-599 mutagenic material, the 100-seed weight should be first selected, then the plant height, ear diameter, ear height, kernels rate and other traits should be selected in different environments. Combined with field resistance, plant types and other traits, excellent maize inbred lines with high yield potential from space mutagenesis offspring were selected. Thus study has obtained some breeding materials useful for further breeding purpose, and provide a reference method as how to use the spaceflight induced materials for for maize breeding.
  • CHEN Kai, ZHANG Qiang, PAN Xiao-biao, LI Mei, MENG Li-jun, XU Zheng-jin, XU Jiang-long, LI Zhi-kang
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1069-1080. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1069
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    The novel blast resistance genes, Pi-GD-1(t), Pi-GD-2(t), Pi-GD-3(t) and GLP8-6(t) from rice variety Sanhuangzhan2 (here abbreviated them as G1, G2, G3 and G8, respectively) and brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene, Bph18(t) from IR65482-7-216-1-2-B (abbreviated as IR65482) were introgressed into three popular rice restorer lines, Minghui86, Shuhui527 and Zhehui7954 for wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility by marker-assisted backcross combined with stringent phenotypic selections against recurrent parents. The eleven derived blast resistance restorer lines, Minghui86-G2, Minghui86-G1-G2, Shuhui527-G2, Shuhui527-G1-G2, Zhehui7954-G1-G2, Zhehui7954-G1-G2-G8, Zheshu-G2-G8, Zhehui7954-G1-G8(t)-Bph18(t), Mingzhe-G2-G8, Mingzhe-G1-G2-G8 and Mingzhe-G1-G2-Bph18(t), demonstrated similar or wider blast resistance spectrum as compared with the donor parent, Sanhuangzhan 2. The three derived BPH resistant restorer lines, Shuhui527-Bph18(t), Zhehui7954-G1-G8(t)-Bph18(t) and Mingzhe-G1-G2-Bph18(t) showed resistance or moderate resistance to BPH. The newly developed blast and BPH resistant restorers and their derived hybrids with the sterile line II-32A were identical or superior to their respective original versions for agronomic traits under disease free condition, suggesting these resistance improved restorer lines could be use in hybrid rice production. The results indicated that the blast genes could completely express their dominant resistance in different restorer line backgrounds, suggesting their immense breeding value in blast resistance improvement for hybrid rice. However, effect of resistant improvement of Bph18(t) for BPH depends on genetic background. Improvement of resistance of blast and BPH for restorer lines by molecular marker-assisted backcross and pyramiding was deeply discussed.
  • YANG Shu-ling, ZHANG Long-yu, ZHANG Gai-sheng, SANG Qing, LIU Hong-zhan, ZHU Qi-di, ZHANG Xin-bo, ZHAO Xin-liang
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1081-1089. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1081
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    To explore its role in the regulation of energy metabolism in the process of physiological male sterility in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), the TaPDK gene was isolated from the total RNA of wheat anthers by RT-PCR with gene specific primers designed according to conserved domains of published data, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The results of sequence analysis and functional prediction indicated that the full-length of ORF was 1095bp encoding 364 amino acids residues with the calculated molecular mass 41 kD. Furthermore, a prokaryotic expression vector pET23d-PDK was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). After induced by IPTG, a molecular mass close to 40 kD fusion protein was produced, and the best expression was induced by 28℃, 150 rmp/min, 4 h and 0.8 mmol/L IPTG. The fusion protein was first purified by His-Trap affinity chromatography, which was then checked by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and western blot analysis. Due to other non-specific fusion-protein expressed in the E.coli system simultaneously, the target protein band was cut and purified. Finally, 2 mg target protein was obtained by two rounds of purification. It could provide a foundation for further preparation of polyclonal antibody and identification of proteins that interact with TaPDK.
  • GUAN Lei, FAN Hong-hong, CHEN Sha-sha, LIN Yi, CAI Yong-ping, JIN Qing
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1090-1098. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1090
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    The effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, H2S donor) on the antioxidant system and the DNA methylation profile patterns of Dendrobium officinale under high light stress were studied in this paper. The results showed that 200μmol·L-1NaHS could significantly promote the enzyme activity of SOD, CAT and POD, reduce the content of MDA and relieve oxidative damage caused by high light stress on Dendrobium officinale.While high concentration NaHS (600μmol·L-1) increased the oxidative damage. The analysis of methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) showed that the level of DNA methylation of control group was highest (35.4%). Then the seedling were treated with 0, 200, 600μmol·L-1NaHS, the level of DNA methylation was 29.6%, 33% and 28.9%, respectively. With different concentration of NaHS (0, 200 and 600μmol·L-1), demethylation and methylation of DNA were 6.4%, 7.7%, 6.7% and 9.0%, 8.1%, 9.2%, respectively. Several variable MSAP profiles were isolated and sequenced. By Blast analysis, the relevant photosynthetic enzymes and transcription factor were found.
  • LI Ying-ying
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1099-1105. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1099
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    The stability and repeatability of conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) reaction system for tree peony were tested and verified. Twenty out of twenty-one CDDP primes were polymorphic for tree peony genome, and 18 primers had stronger ability to discriminate tree peony cultivars. The applicability of 20 CDDP primers to 22 tree peony cultivars from domestic and abroad was analyzed in the present paper. The results showed that each primer could amplify 3~25 bands and 276 polymorphic fragments were detected among the total 297 fragments amplified. The polymorphism rate was 92.93% with a mean of 14.85 polymorphic bands for each primer. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 18 primers ranged from 0.8379 to 0.9597 with an average of 0.9124. Thus, CDDP molecular marker technology can be used to analyze the genetic diversity, identification of breeds, construction of genetic maps, gene mapping researches for tree peony germplasm researches.
  • YIN Li-qing, ZHOU Yin, HU Yong-hong, LIU Zhao, ZHANG Yong-chun, HAN Ji-gang
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1106-1110. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1106
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    The material was the cultivar ‘Fengdan' of Paeonia suffruticosa.,immature embryos, mature embryos, petioles and roots of which were used as explants to induced calli. Effects of picloram on Paeonia callus induction and somatic embryogenesis were studied. The result showed that callus were produced from all kind of explants, but only the immature embryos and mature embryos could produce the embryogenic calli. Somatic embryos were induced from the embryogenic callus by subculturing and regenerated plantlets were obtained. The optimum media of callus induction and somatic embryos production were the modified MS+BA 0.5mg·L-1+PIC 4.0mg·L-1+CH 0.5mg·L-1+Sucrose 100g·L-1, callus induction rate was 99.3%, and embryos inductivity was 98.1%.
  • LI Juan, YANG Li-xin, ZHENG Wen-yin, WU Li-quan, WANG Rong-fu
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1111-1117. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1111
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    Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme which exists in eukaryote extensively and plays an essential role in stress-tolerance of higher plants. In this study, the total RNA was extracted from leaves of Yannong19, and the degenerate primers were designed according to the conserved regions of FeSOD gene sequence in Genbank. The full-length cDNA sequence of FeSOD in wheat(GenBank:JX398977) was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE technology. Biology software analysis showed that the full-length of the sequence was 1271bp with a 187bp 5'UTR, a 490bp 3'UTR, and a 591bp open reading frame encoding 197 amino acids. The molecular weight was 22.8KD, and its isoelectric point (PI) was 5.382. The sequence with FeSOD of other plants was blasted on NCBI website,and it was found that the FeSOD amino acids sequence in wheat had high homology with other plants (maize and rice and other species). At the same time, we found the genetic relationship of FeSOD in wheat was the most close to that of corn and rice by Mega5 software analysis.
  • JIANG Ming, GUAN Ming, PAN Xiao-cui, Zhang Jin-guo, HU Jia-wei
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1118-1124. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1118
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    CCCH zinc finger proteins (Zf) are widely distributed in animals, plants as well as microorganisms, and play important roles in RNA metabolism. Identification of Zf genes in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea will provide a basis for gene cloning, expression as well as function analysis. Genome-wide survey and comparative analysis of Zf genes were performed in S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea by bioinformatics methods. Eleven Zf gene members were identified from S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, respectively. Full-length of open reading frames were of 633-3741bp in S. sclerotiorum and 633-3486bp in B. cinerea, respectively. Totally 55 CCCH zinc finger motifs were identified. Besides the two most abundant CCCH zinc finger motifs, C-X7-C-X5-C-X3-H (22) and C-X8-C-X5-C-X3-H (21), C-X8-C-X6-C-X3-H and C-X7-C-X6-C-X3-H were found to be two novel CCCH zinc finger motifs. Phylogenetic analysis results indicated the 22 CCCH zinc finger proteins were clustered into 4 groups. Except for SS1G_13631, SS1G_09360, BC1T_00310 and BC1T_05217, other Zf genes from S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea belonged to different subfamilies in the form of orthologous pairs, and the results were consistent well with gene structures, motif numbers as well as distributions.
  • YANG Lan, LI Hong, XIANG Zeng-xu
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1125-1130. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1125
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    The diploid and corresponding autotetraploid of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were used in this research. The methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) was carried out to study the levels and patterns of DNA methylation in different ploidy plants. The polymorphism of autotetraploid DNA methylation was 46.10%, while the diploid was 46.53%. In comparison with diploid, in the autotetraploid genomic DNA total methylated rate and full methylated rate were decreased, but hemimethylated rate was increased. In the autotetraploid genomic DNA methylation patterns, 29.72% was changed, including 12.8% in the rate of hypermethylation, 11.8% in the rate of demethylation and 5.12% in the rate of methine-methylattion.
  • LAN Guo-fang, LI Hong-tao, LV Chao, XU Ru-gen
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1131-1135. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1131
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    Four barley varieties or lines were selected to study the genetic difference and environmental effect of glume-opening angle. All the experimental materials were sown at three sites respectively with two years repetition, and the glume-opening angle was measured with the same standard in the anthesis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the glume-opening angle among varieties,sites and interactions at 0.01 level. Multiple comparisons indicated that the glume-opening angle in Shanghai farm was biggest among the three sites followed by Yangzhou farm and Fangqiang farm. And the order of glume-opening angle is Hu1154 > Yang 0187 > Huangchangmang > 1430R. There was some difference in the stability of glume-angle among the experimental varieties. Hu1154,with biggest glume-opening angle and best stability, had more important application value for breeding. Although Yang 0187 and Huangchangmang had bigger glume-opening angle, their application value for breeding was restricted due to the unstable performance in different sites. With regard to 1430R,lower breeding value was considered because of its little glume-opening angle and unstable performance.
  • ZHANG Jing, LIN Ze-chuan, CAO Li-yong, SHEN Xi-hong
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1136-1142. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1136
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    Rice pre-harvest sprouting affects yield and reduces quality of rice. Breeding rice varieties of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance is one of the most effective ways to solve pre-harvest sprouting. The paper reviews the main factors that affect the rice pre-harvest sprouting and seed dormancy, including seed maturity, alpha-amylase activity, endogenous hormones, soluble sugar, temperature, and humidity. In addition, the pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy related QTLs were summarized and analyzed in order to provide a reference for breeding rice varieties resistant to pre-harvest sprouting.
  • LI Wei-ming, HA Yi-ming, Zhou Hong-jie
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1143-1149. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1143
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    The cumin was employed as experimental material to determine the composition of the separated poly-minerals from the cumin sample by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The feature of the two glow curves and the ratios were investigated by thermoluminescence (TL) in the range of 0 to 6.47 kGy and the initial absorbed dose of cumin was assessed using the dose-additive method. The EDX spectrum showed that the poly-minerals was mainly composed of quartz (SiO2) and K-feldspars (KAlSi3O8) and the first TL glow curve structure and characteristics could be used to identify irradiated cumin. The dose additive method could be used for a reliable evaluation of the absorbed dose in cumin and the deviation between the initial dose and the estimated dose was all less than 1 kGy. The TL technique could be used as a qualitative and quantitative method to indentify irradiated cumin.
  • ZHAO Ren-bang, CHI Jian, HE Yi
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1150-1155. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1150
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    The strain of Penicillium oxalicum ZHJ6 that can degrade methamidophos was employed to obtain the mutant stain which has higher degradation rate than original strain by 60Co-γ irradiation. Results showed that the Penicillium oxalicum ZHJ6 was sensitive to 60Co-γ irradiation, and was easy to be killed by 60Co-γ irradiation. Under the absorbed dose of 2.1kGy, the survival rate of the strain was 0.04%. Two strains of A17 and A18 were obtained from the irradiated strains after first-and second-screening and the degradation rate of methamidophos of A17 and A18 strains were 10% higher than that of A0 strain (original stain). Moreover, the abilities to degrade folimat, phoxim and glyphosate were improved. Through 5 generations, the variation coefficient in degradation rate of methamidophos in the 6th day was 1.2%, showing that the new strains had hereditary stability.
  • CHEN Zhao-liang, WANG Hai-hong, QIAO Yong-jin
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1156-1161. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1156
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    In order to define the effect of electron beam irradiation on pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea mycelia, the disease parameters of strawberry fruits inoculated with mycelia of B. cinerea irradiated by electron beam with different dose were tested in vivo, the production and activity of pectinase and cellulase secreted by B. cinerea irradiated by electron beam were also tested by DNS method. The results showed that pathogenicity of irradiated B. cinerea decreased significantly. The disease incidence and disease index of strawberry inoculated by irradiated B. cinerea after 3 days and 5 days was only 15.00% and 11.39 compared to control (91.67% and 77.78), respectively. The activity of pectinase and cellulase of B. cinerea irradiated by electron beam with above 2.0kGy were inhibited obviously. The activity of PMG of irradiated B. cinerea decreased by 37.65% and 57.46% compared with control 3 days and 5 days cultured at 20℃, and the activity of CX and BG decreased by over 60% than that of control. The hardness of strawberry treated by enzyme solution which producted by B. cinerea irradiated by electron beam at 2.0kGy was higher than that of control strawberry and it mainted disease resistance well. Electron beam can inhibited the pathogenic enzyme activity and pathogenicity of B. cinerea obviously. So it can control gray mold of postharvest strawberry effectively.
  • LIU Hong-dui, YU Li-na, GAO Jun-an, SUN Jie, ZHU Feng, BI Jie, ZHANG Chu-shu, LIU Shao-fang
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1162-1167,1172. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1162
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    Use peanut protein powder as the raw material, five kinds of peanut antioxidant peptides (abbreviated as AP, FP, PP1, NP and PP2) were obtained through steps of Viscozyme L pretreatment and Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Protamex, Neutral protease and Papain hydrolysis, respectively. Four types of antioxidant activities evaluation methods in vitro including scavenging of DPPH free radical, reducing power, iron ion chelation and anti-lipid peroxidation were presented to evaluate the antioxidant activities of peanut antioxidant peptides. The order of antioxidant activities of five antioxidant peptides was PP2>AP>FP>PP1>NP by comprehensive analysis of the antioxidant experimental results. The results indicated that the optimum proteolytic enzyme for preparing antioxidant peptide was papain. Among the five antioxidant peptides, PP2 had the most antioxidant activities of scavenging of DPPH free radical, reducing power, anti-lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the research and development of antioxidant peptide with the antioxidant function by using papain is an effective approach to further exploit peanut protein.
  • YUAN Yuan, XING Fu-guo, LIU Yang
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1168-1172. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1168
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    In the study, we compared eight different kinds of essential oils on their fumigation role in inhibiting Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. And efficient oils were applied to infected maize, to analyze the accumulation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON), as the oil inhibits A. flavus and F. graminearum respectively.The result showed that Cinnamon oil could completely inhibit the growth of A. flavus, and citral oil could completely inhibit the growth of F. graminearum in 20 days, while eugenol oil could inhibit the growth of the two fungal effectively. Cinnamon oil could effectively inhibit the growth of A. flavus, when the moisture content was 13%, so there was 98.94% reduction in the accumulation of AFB1. Eugenol could inhibit the growth of F. graminearum, when the moisture content was 21%, so there was 98.33% reduction in the accumulation of DON.
  • CHEN Wei, SU Xin-guo, GAO Hai-yan, YANG Zhen-feng
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1173
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    The changes of chilling injure incidence and endogenous hormones of Yanhong peach fruit stored at 0℃ was investigated. Results showed that, fruit stored at 20℃ showed climatic changes of endogenous ethylene and abscisic acid contents associated with the decrease of fruit firmness and increase of extractable juice rate. However, fruit firmness decreased slightly and chilling injure increased extremely with the significantly accumulation of proline as fruit stored at 0℃. Fruit chilling injure index was significantly and positively correlated with endogenous gibberellin, 3-indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid levels, and the correlation coefficient was 0.994, 0.848, and 0.734, respectively. The decrease of abscisic acid content in fruit stored at 0℃ after 14 days inhibited ethylene production, but no significant correlation was observed between fruit chilling injure and ethylene production. Combined with the decrease of gibberellin and 3-indoleacetic acid, these results suggest the unbalance of endogenous hormones promoting senescence development and stimulating chilling injure incidence in postharvest peach fruit during cold storage.
  • CHEN Jun-chen, WENG Min-jie, KONG Zhi-wei, LI Yi-bin, SHENG Heng-sheng
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1179-1183. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1179
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    In order to improve microwave drying technology in ready-to-use Lentinus edodes, the characteristics and dynamic model of microwave drying were studied. The experiments were designed to study the effect of different microwave power and loading quantity and discuss the influence of moisture content on organoleptic quality in microwave drying ready-to-use Lentinus edodes. The microwave drying law and best moisture content of ready-to-use Lentinus edodes were obtained. The dynamic model of microwave drying ready-to-use Lentinus edodes was created. The experimental results were analyzed by the DPS software,showing the fitting equation with good statistical test results,this will offer some theoretical basis to practice.
  • GAO Hai-sheng, LIU Xiu-feng, LUO Cai-xia, MA Ye
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1184-1188. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1184
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    Two drying methods were used on toon sprouts to test the indicators of samples under different drying conditions then to compare their rehydration ratio, chlorophyll content, vitamin C content and microstructure of the dried leaf surface. The result shoewed that Vc content and chlorophyll content were higher when toon sprouts were dried under the condition of hot air 60 ℃,boiling water rehydration ratio was higher under microwave 480W. Taken all the factors into consideration, the quality of dried toon sprouts was the best when dried under the condition of microwave 480W.
  • Ren Jie, HU Zhi-he
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1189-1194. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1189
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    Ultra high-pressure treatment, a new prevalent technology utilized in present food processing industry, not only can kill microbe, but also effectively preserve nutrition, color and flavor of the food. It is well known as "the ten advanced technology of our modern world". This paper presents a review of ultra high-pressure technology application in dairy production, including its inactiving microorganism, protecting active ingredients, minerals and vitamins, ameliorating the digestibility of β-lactoglobulin and the turbidity of milk products and so on.
  • FU Qiu-guo, LIU Ru-yang, DONG Yong-han, ZENG Jiao, ZHANG Jian-bo, BAI Chan, ZHANG Han-xue, SHEN Jia-jun, WANG Wei, YE Qing-fu
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1195
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    Paichongding is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide consisted of four optical stereoisomers 5R7R-Paichongding, 5S7S-Paichongding, 5S7R-Paichongding and 5R7S-Paichongding. In this study, the stereoisomer-specific mineralization and bound residue (BR) formation of Paichongding in soils were studied using 14C-isotope tracing. The results were as follows: (1) At 120 days after application, about 0.40%~11.59% of the applied amount was mineralized for four different optical isomers of Paichongding. The mineralization of optical stereoisomers in coastal saline soil (S2) (5.03%~11.59%) and the mineralization of optical isomers SR and RS in fluvio-marine yellow loamy soil (S3) (8.92% and 8.94% ) met the minimum limit requirement proposed by EU (> 5% of the applied amount). (2) Around 14.34%~50.56% of the initial radioactivity formed BR, lower than the maximum BR limitation by EU (< 70% of the applied amount). (3) In the red clayey sand soil (S1), no significant difference was observed among the four optical isomers for both the BR formation and mineralization. However, in S2 and S3, significant difference was only observed between the stereoisomers (P<0.05). (4) The BR and mineralization in the sterilized soil was significantly lower than the non-sterilized control (P<0.05), implying the significant role of microorganisms. (5) The content of 14C-Paichongding bound residue distributed in humus showed a tendency of fulvic acid > humin > humic acid.
  • 论文
  • HUANG Ren-hua, LU Yun-mei, HUANG Wei
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1203-1208. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1203
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    In order to reveal the influence of organic acid exudation from root on phytoremediation effects, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Glomus geosporum (G.g), Glomus mosseae(G.m), Glomus versiforme (G.v), Glomus etunicatum (G.e) and Glomus diaphanum (G.d) on organic acid exudation and137Cs uptake by sorghum haipense. Besides, the regression curves between organic acid contents and 137Cs specific activity in different organic tissues were established by stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the kinds of organic acids which were exuded by the symbiotic root systems with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation were less than control. Furthermore, inoculation with G.g, G.m, G.v and G.d also decreased the contents of organic acid secretion of sorghum haipense root. The max size of fall in total organic acid was 67.37μg·(cm-2·3h-1) and it was found in inoculation with G.m. Inoculation with G.m, G.e and G.d could significantly improve the137Cs specific activity in different organic tissue (root, leaf and stem) of sorghum haipense, which indicated G.m, G.e and G.d would enhance the enrichment of137Cs in host plant. The negative correlation between organic acid contents and specific activity of 137Cs in different organic tissue were found by correlation analysis. In a considerable degree, maybe oxalic acid is one of main inhibitory factors during the enrichment of137Cs in host plant. It is suggested that agronomic measures to reduce the oxalic acid content of rhizosphere domain is the better way for plants enriching137Cs from soil.

  • CHANG Xu-hong, ZHAO Guang-cai, YANG Yu-shuang, FENG Ming, MA Shao-kang, WANG De-mei, BI Yu-qiang
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1209-1215. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1209
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    In order to explore the effects of different tillage modes on yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in winter and soil physical properties, the experiment was conducted in a farming-pasture zone in Chifeng City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China from 2008 to 2010. Three tillage modes of Conventional Tillage (CT), No Tillage with Stubble (NTS), Straw Mulch (SM) were applied in the experiment to compare the effect of the tillage modes: on soil physical properties, the grain yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of N supplies in winter wheat. The results showed that conservation tillage can improve the soil structure, increase the soil water content, non-capillary porosity, grain yield and protein content, and improve the processing quality properly by long-term implementation of NTS and SM. Under such conditions, the NUE was increased by 3%~4% with N-fertilizer residues in the soil decreased by about 1%, and N-fertilizer loss dropped by about 2%, correspondingly, which greatly decreased the pollution of N-fertilizer on farmland under conservation tillage. In addition, the wheat NUE of the residual N in last season was less affected by the tillage mode.
  • ZHANG Li-qiong, HAO Ming-de, ZANG Yi-fei, SHE Feng-xia
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1216-1226. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1216
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    Based on long-term rotation and fertilizer test, a soil fertility numerical value comprehensive evaluation on different rotation system had been made in the gully region of the loess plateau. Contrasted with the bare land, the soil bulk density, nutrient content and enzymatic activity of alfalfa continuous, corn continuous, wheat continuous, corn wheat crop rotation and grain-bean 3-year rotation were analyzed and the correlation analysis and fuzzy mathematics theory were used to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility under the long-term positioning conditions. The results showed that under corn continuous, wheat continuous, corn-wheat crop rotation and grain-bean 3-year rotation except for alfalfa continuous cropping, soil firmness were appropriate. The soil nutrient content under alfalfa continuous cropping was far higher than the corn continuous cropping, wheat continuous cropping, corn wheat crop rotation and grain bean 3 years' rotation. The soil enzyme activity of alfalfa continuous cropping was also higher. Under continuous cropping and/or rotation, the soil firmness, nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were significantly higher than that of fallow land after long-term fertilization. The IFI of soil fertility levels of alfalfa continuous, corn continuous, wheat continuous, corn wheat crop rotation and grain bean 3 years' crop rotation respectively were 86.47, 56.36, 64.13, 64.67 and 63.08, and were significantly higher than those of the fallow land (IFI 39.49). The soil fertility levels of alfalfa was continuous significantly higher than corn continuous, wheat continuous, corn wheat crop rotation and grain bean 3 years' crop rotation. The calculation method of soil bulk density's membership function was put forward to carry through numerical value comprehensive evaluation soil fertility. In conclusion, crop rotation could improve the soil nutrient content, promote the accumulation of the soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and had become a main route to improving soil fertility levels. The fertility buildup ability of different crop and rotation way was different which related to crop species and its growth habit. The appropriate measures could be taken according to different crop rotation systems to improve their soil fertility buildup ability. On soil fertility for numerical comprehensive evaluation, the soil enzyme activity turning point of value and grading standards need further study and exploration for a more scientific and reasonable evaluation to the soil fertility level.
  • SHEN Jia-jun, WU Gang, WANG Wei, CHEN Jian-wei, ZHANG Su-feng, HUANG Lei, WU Cheng-chen, YE Qing-fu
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1227-1233. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1227
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    The photolysis of ZJ0273 in the methanol, acetone and xylene was studied under ultraviolet light (254 nm) at room temperature. Results showed that the primary degradation of ZJ0273 follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics in all solvents, and the degradation rate constants of ZJ0273 in methanol, acetone and xylene were 1.72×10-2, 1.75×10-2 and 4.8×10-3 min-1, respectively. The rate of degradation followed the order of acetone > methanol > xylene, with the corresponding half-lives of 40.29, 39.60 and 144.38 min, respectively. The degradation products were identified by LC/MS, and the results demonstrate that the photolytic pathway of ZJ0273 are concerned with the carbamylation of benzylademine, the cleavage of pyrimidine oxygen bond and benzyladenine bond as well as the photo-induced isomerization of the molecule itself.
  • XIN Ya, WU Gen-liang, CHEN Wen-yue, MA Hua-sheng, LI Chun-nan
    J4. 2013, 27(8): 1234-1239. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.08.1234
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    The effects of three methods of CO2 enrichment (liquefied CO2, reacting produced CO2 and hanging bag CO2) on strawberry ‘hong jia' in protected cultivation were studied in winter under low temperature and weak light in southeast coast. The results indicated that, after liquefied CO2 enrichment, the distribution of CO2 in plastic tunnel was equal also had significant increase in all traits and was higher than the others. Compared with control, the leaf length, leaf width and leaf thickness were significantly increased by 55.6%, 28.8% and 97.6%, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves increased by 17.0%, 28.1% and 19.3%, respectively, meanwhile the ratio of Chl a/b decreased by 8.3%. Soluble solids content of strawberry increased by 15.6%, and firmness of fruit increase alsoat a certain degree. Single fruit weight and percentage of large fruit weight both increased by 22.5% and 50.2%, respectively, during the first batch of fruit, which was higher than the second batch of fruit. Total production and output value were increased by 10.5% and 31.7% with input-output ratio of 1:11.6. Therefore, liquefied CO2 enrichment is the most suitable method for strawberry cultivation in the field.