25 June 2013, Volume 27 Issue 6
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J4. 2013, (6): 709-714. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0709The mutagenic effects on grain quality of SP2 (M2) and SP3(M3) were studied using four rice cultivars by treatments of space flight of recoverable satellite and 60Coγ-irradiation on the ground. The result showed that the quality traits of four cultivars after space flight existed widespread variation both in SP2 and in SP3, but the range and the direction of variation were varied with genotypes and traits. The space flight also led to the increase in gel consistency, chalkiness rate and chalkiness while the decline in amylose content in two generations, and these trends were similar to those of generations of γ-irradiation. Nevertheless, it seemed that space flight was more favorable to produce generations of increased length-width ratio, reduced chalkiness and gelatinization temperature than those of γ-irradiation. Stability analysis of quality traits between SP2 (M2)and SP3(M3) discovered that the correlation coefficients of length-width ratio and amylose content varied from 0.2979 to 0.9039 and from 0.2356 to 0.7142, respectively. Moreover, majority of these coefficients were extremly significant positive, which suggested that early selection in SP2 for these two traits was effective.
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J4. 2013, (6): 715-722. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0715Different culture conditions affecting microspore derived embryos and plant regeneration were studied with four varieties of cabbage. The results indicated that the genotype was the key factor limiting microspore embryogenesis. Appropriate microspore culture was bud Length 2.5~4.0mm,petal length/anther length 2/3~7/6,and phase of full bloom. Major element in half and appropriate activated charcoal being added to the culture medium could increase the rate of embryo induction, but the genotype inducing hardly embryo had no effect. Embryoid induction and bud required the participation of the plant growth regulator NAA and 6-BA, Appropriate medium of microspore embryogenesis was the NLN-13 + 0.2mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.1mg·L-1NAA, and frequency of embryoid was 38 embryos/10bud-1; Appropriate shooting medium was the MS+0.4mg·L-16-BA+0.1mg·L-1 NAA+ 3% sucrose+ 0.7% agar, and the shoot induction rate was 46.7%.
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J4. 2013, (6): 723-730. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0723In order to select and breed new polyploidy Lycium Chinense Miller cultivars used as medicine and food, the seeds of diploid wolfberry Changxuan 1, soft branch type, were intermittently treated in the mixed solution of 0.05% colchicine and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide. Through M1 selfed and M2 selection, Tianjing 3, a polyploidy Lycium Chinense Miller cultivar, was successfully developed. Tianjing 3 not only possessed powerful chromosome polyploidy growth superiority but also had the characteristics of immunity to aceria pallida keifer, highly resistance to powdery mildew and root rot, excellent nutritional value and health care functions. The cultivar got through the identification of experts in the field in October 2009.
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J4. 2013, (6): 731-735. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0731Based on vector pCAMBIA1300, cold regulative plant expressing vector pCAMBIA1300-rd29A-ICE1 was constructed and transformed into Japonica rice Kongyu131 by Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic technique. PCR,RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis indicated that ICE1 gene had been successfully integrated into the genome of transgenic rice lines and was expressed normally. After low temperature stress treatment, the transgenic lines with high expression levels of the ICE1 gene had obvious higher survival rate and proline content compared to control. In the meantime, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was much lower. High expression of ICE1 gene improved low temperature stress tolerant capacities in transgenic rice lines.
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J4. 2013, (6): 736-742. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0736In this paper, we particularly described the concept of super-high-yielding wheat, the theoretical basis of its breeding and the significance of its development. Meanwhile, we analyzed the current situation of super- high-yielding wheat breeding and put forward the problems existed in super-high-yielding wheat breeding, and clarified the importance of artificial mutation in wheat germplasm enhancement. Furthermore, according to years of mutation breeding practice, we briefly introduced some research results in super- high-yielding wheat breeding and germplasm enhancement.
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J4. 2013, (6): 743-749. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0743Ribonucleases (RNase, RNS)T2 are found in almost all kinds of organisms, the conservation suggested the importance of their functions. Eight RNase T2 members are present in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome. Using antibody-based proteomics strategy, the expression patterns of the RNase T2 proteins in leaves and seedlings under salt-stressed conditions were surveyed by Western blotting (WB). The results indicated that the OsRNS1-OsRNS7 proteins were expressed in leaves, while the expression of OsRNS8 was not detected. Interestingly, the OsRNS4 protein was mainly expressed in seedling stage, revealing that it played a role in seedling stage. The other proteins were expressed in adult stages. The expression of OsRNS4 protein was up-regulated under salt-stressed condition, suggesting that it plays a role in the response to salt-stress, while the expressions of most of the other RNase T2 proteins were down-regulated under the stressed condition. Comparison between the protein expression abundance and transcriptional intensity revealed that certain correlations existed in some genes. Taken together, the data obtained in this experiment provides interesting clues for uncovering the function of rice RNase T2 genes.
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J4. 2013, (6): 750-757. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0750To detect the naturally occurring allelic variation at the fertility restorer (Rf) loci on chromosomes 1 (Rf3) and 10 (Rf4), eight SSSLs carrying Rf3 locus, sixteen SSSLs possessing Rf4 locus and HJX74 were crossed to two GMS lines (A-lines), such as Zhenshan97A (ZsA, WA) and Y-HuanongA (HnA, Y), respectively, the F1 plants, carrying the genotype Rf3rf3/Rf4rf4, were selected by marker-assisted selection, and their phenotype for pollen and spikelet fertility were evaluated. The results were as follows. (1) There were much differences in restoring abilities among the twenty-four SSSLs and HJX74. The restoration abilities of SSSLs carrying Rf3 locus were weaker than that of SSSLs with Rf4 locus and HJX74. SSSL S6 carrying Rf3 locus exhibited 7.2% (15.5%) and 1.3% (12.4%) pollen (spikelet) fertility of F1 plants and possessed the weakest restoring ability to WA-CMS and Y-CMS. Out of sixteen SSSLs with Rf4 locus, high levels of pollen fertility (>70%) and spikelet fertility (>85%) were observed in the crosses of A-lines/SSSLs S14-S18 and SSSL S20, which showed stronger restorer ability to WA-CMS and Y-CMS. (2) Based on the pollen and seed fertility of the F1 hybrids, the Rf3 and Rf4 genes were classified respectively into four alleles, namely Rf3-1, Rf3-2, Rf3-3 and Rf3-4 for Rf3, and Rf4-1, Rf4-2, Rf4-3 and Rf4-4 for Rf4. HJX74 carried the genotype Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4 and showed that the effect of Rf3 was larger than that of Rf4. (3) In inheritance background of HJX74, WA-CMS was restored more easily than Y-CMS.
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J4. 2013, (6): 758-762. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0758The significance of haploid plants as genetic and plant breeding tools has been recognized for a long time. The purpose of this study was to improve the production ratio of haploid plantlet in wheat × maize hybridization. The immature haploid embryos of 16~20d after pollination were dissected under sterile environment, and placed onto different compositions of culture media. The result indicated that the best medium for the smaller embryos with the diameter <500um was 1/2MS +0.1mg·L-12,4-D+0.2mg·L-1BA + 300mg·L-1 LH(Lactalbumin Hydrolysate) + 50g·L-1sucrose +7 g·L-1agar, pH=5.8, and the best medium for the bigger embryos with the diameter > 500 um was 1/2 MS +0.1mg·L-12,4-D+0.2mg·L-1 BA + 30 g·L-1 sucrose +7 g·L-1 agar, pH=5.8. The embryos in the two kinds of media could be developed into plantlets directly with strong shoots and roots. Plantlets production percentage of the smaller embryos was 71%, and that of the bigger embryos was 83%. For all the MS media, the amount of vitamin was twice as much as in the normal MS culture medium. The result also showed that the type of the auxins appropriate for plantlets regeneration was in the order of 2, 4-D> IBA> IAA. The plantlets coming from the medium adding 2,4-D grew more vigorous and had more roots. Detaching the induced cluster buds and transferring to 1/2 MS greatly increased the number of seedlings. The media adding 2, 4-D and subculture of haploid embryos enhanced plantlets regeneration rate and chromosome doubling efficiency to some extent, substantially improved DH (doubled haploid) production efficiency of distant hybridization, and shortened production cycle for new wheat cultivars.
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J4. 2013, (6): 763-767. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0763Genetic analysis was conducted on nitrate content of multiple generations (P1, F1, P2, B1, B2 and F2), derived from a cross between L0908 with lower nitrate content and L0915 with higher nitrate content,using the method of major gene + polygenes mixed inheritance model. The results showed: the optimum model of nitrate content was two additive-dominant-epigenous major genes + additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes rnixed inheritance model (E-0). Additive effect of the first and second pairs major gene were -682.293 and -27.938 and dominant effect of the first and second pairs major gene were -424.058 and -428.376, respectively, both had negative effect. The major gene heritability were 26%, 37.5% and 46.1%, the polygene heritability were 3.2%, 11.7% and 0% and the environment heritability were 60.8%, 50.8% and 53.9% in the B1, B2 and F2 populations, respectively. The above results showed that the nitrate content was controlled by two major genes plus polygene, but the influence of environment was relatively great.
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J4. 2013, (6): 768-774. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0768The codon usage of the free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria has been extensively studied. However, there was little information about the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that had dual capacity for both free-living and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The codon usage of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 as typical bacterium was investigated by correspondence analysis, correlation analysis and chi square test to gain a better understanding of the codon usage of such bacteria. The ENC-plot was obtained with the effective number of codons (ENC) and GC content at the third position of the codons (GC3s) as x and y axis respectively. In addition, the expected curve was also drawn to reveal the relationship of ENC and GC3s when the codon usage was only subjected to the nucleotide composition constraint. A few genes lied on the expected curve in ENC-plot, indicating nucleotide composition constraint played a role in the codon usage pattern. Correspondence analysis and correlation analysis showed the loading of all genes on the first axis of correspondence analysis correlated negatively and significantly (P<0.05) with codon adaption index and GC3s. Therefore, codon usage pattern was also influenced by gene expression and GC3s. Moreover, 22 codons were identified to be preferred codons with high frequency in highly expressed genes. Among them, 21 codons were ended with G/C, indicating high GC3s bias in preferred codons.
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J4. 2013, (6): 775-781. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.077560Co-γ irradiation was used in fresh-cut balsam pear process, and balsam pear was treated with different irradiation doses. Microorganism, texture, color and sensory evaluation were studied. The results showed that γ-irradiation could effectively decrease the risk of possible pathogens in fresh-cut balsam pear, the D10 value for Salmonella enteritidis was 0.33 kGy, the D10 value for Listeria innocua was 0.29 kGy, irradiation doses higher than 0.52 kGy could effectively reduce total bacterial count(TBC) and coliform group.Compared with the control, there was no significant difference(5% level) on color, texture and sensory characteristic in balsam pear treated below 1.86 kGy. The shelf life of fresh-cut balsam pear treated with 1.86 kGy was 6 days with no significant effect on quality and sensory characteristic, meeting the food request for immune deficiency patients.
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J4. 2013, (6): 782-785. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0782
In this study, Bacillus natto was irradiated by 60Co γ-ray, and activity was determined by Casein plate method in order to get high activity and thermostability strains. 60 strains with high activity were obtained through irradiation by 800 Gy 60Co γ-ray. In this dose, the positive mutation rate was 45%. Then 60 strains was treated by different tempreture and 11 strains showed thermostability at 65℃.
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J4. 2013, (6): 786-791. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0786The study explored a new way,which was called self-emulsifying, to transform the solubility of capsanthin by studying its properties, and get a stable solution containing the smaller size of solute with the help of ultrasonic. Through the help of Orthogonal Experiment and Factor Egxperiment we got the best conditions: the most suitable HLB was 13.6; the best complex emulsifier were tween-80 and span-80; the fitted percentage composition of capsanthin was 30%,and the glycerol was 10%; the temperature of reaction was 55℃; the time of reaction was 1.5h;the power of the ultrasonic was 200W, and we can get the capsanthin with a high color value. At last, the stability of the capsanthin’s water solution was tested.
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J4. 2013, (6): 792-799. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0792Wheat varieties planted in large area in Huang-Huai wheat region in the past years and advanced wheat lines were selected as materials, the protein quality and starch pasting parameters of which were analyzed by NIR, Glutomatic, Farinograph, RVA, SE-HPLC and so on to determine the relationship between protein parameters and between the parameters and bread baking quality. The parameters of GMP, SDS sedimentation value, wet gluten index and degree of softening were significantly and positively correlated with most protein quality parameters at the 0.01 or 0.05 levels. The parameters of GMP quantity, SDS sedimentation value, wet gluten index, dry gluten quantity, flour protein quantity, glutenin quantity, development time, stability were significantly and positively correlated with bread baking quality parameters at the 0.01 level. The quantity of wet gluten was significantly and positively correlated with loaf volume and loaf score at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels respectively. Both quantity of glidian and degree of softening were significantly and negatively correlated with loaf volume and loaf score at the 0.01, 0.05 levels respectively. Water absorption of dough was significantly and negatively correlated with pasting temperature, final viscosity and setback at the 0.01 level. The development time was significantly and positively correlated with peak viscosity and breakdown at the 0.05 level. GMP was significantly and negatively correlated with pasting temperature at the 0.05 level. The contribution of individual parameter could be ranked for loaf volume as wet gluten index > degree of softening > development time > wet gluten quantity > pasting temperature et al and for loaf score as glutenin quantity > stability > glidian quantity > flour protein quantity > water absorption of dough et al, respectively. There existed significant correlation among quality parameters of common wheat. Wet gluten index, degree of softening and glutenin quantity, stability were important indexes to evaluate bread baking quality. The parameters of GMP or SDS sedimentation value could be determined in the early generation and the parameters of Glutomatic and Farinograph could be determined in the medium and high generations. Great attention should be paid to the importance of wet gluten index and degree of softening at the quality detection. And it should be paid to the influence of starch qualities for the bread quality too.
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J4. 2013, (6): 800-804. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0800To explore the chilling injury controlling method in postharvest mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit which is a typical chilling sensitive plant, 0.08mmol·L-1 nitric oxide (NO) donor SNP was used to treat green mango fruit before cold storage. Chilling injury, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde content and respiratory intensity were measured during cold storage at 2℃. The results showed that exogenous NO treatment significantly reduced chilling injury degree in postharvest mango fruit: compared with the control, chilling injury was delayed in treated group, the chilling injury index on the 8th and 12th day decreased by 68.5% and 28.2% respectively. Moreover, lower cell membrane permeability, MDA content were observed in treated group. It was shown that treatment with exogenous NO before cold storage is an effective way to enhance cold tolerance of mango fruits in cold storage and reduce chilling injury.
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J4. 2013, (6): 805-810. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0805The effects of combined hot-air and vacuum drying on quality of dehydrated Tremella fuciformis were studied. The dehydrated Tremella fuciformis shrinkage rate, rehydration ratio, color, polysaccharide content and microstructure were studied and compared with those of single hot-air drying (AD) and vacuum drying (VD). The cost of combined hot-air and vacuum drying was analyzed. When the temperatures of three combined drying levels are 60℃(AD) and 50℃(VD), 60℃(AD) and 60℃(VD), 60℃(AD) and 70℃(VD), dehydrated Tremella fuciformis shrinkage rate was not below 60%, rehydration ratio was more than 12, polysaccharide content was more than 22% and microstructure was good. The cost of combined hot-air and vacuum drying was lowered by 19% and 51%, respectively, compared with those of single vacuum drying and freezing drying. The results showed combined hot-air and vacuum drying could be generalized as a high quality and low energy drying method.
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J4. 2013, (6): 811-816. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0811Basing on the monoclonal antibody of neomycin, horse radish peroxidase (HPR) was coupled. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit for detection NEO was established by SandwichBlocking mode. The results showed that there was no cross reaction with other analogue of NEO, and the limit of detection (LOD) in milk, feed and muscle were 1 microgramme per litre, and expiration date was more than 6 month. The results were no significant difference between HPLC-MS-MS and the kit. This kit helps to strengthen the neomycin drug illegal abuse, and support a powerful technical method in order to improve our country animal food safety and protect the health of the people.
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J4. 2013, (6): 817-822. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0817Anthocyanins (a kind of natural food colorants), which have higher edible safety, more abundant resources than man-made ones, have been extensively used in the food, drug, cosmetics industries and so on because of their apparent nutrient and pharmacological functions. In recent years, researches on blueberry have increased rapidly due to their abundant content of anthocyanins. In order to provide certain guideline for the technical problems in the blueberry industry development, overview of blueberry anthocyanins have been done in this paper, such as their basic structures and types, isolation and purification technologies, stability and physiological functions.
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J4. 2013, (6): 823-830. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0823The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons strain were irradiated with 12C6+ heavy- ion beam with a dose range of 5 to 120 Gy, These ions were accelerated up to 80MeV u-1, and their LET was 35.5keV·μm-1. Primaries and check screening the mutant strain DMYR9, and its decomposition in contaminated soil samples before and after the repair of the activity of the relevant parameters and chemically modified data were analyzed. And there were positive correlations between lipase activity to microbial counts and degradation efficiency of diesel oil. So the soil lipase activity was an excellent indicator of biological activity for monitoring diesel oil decontamination. The results showed that the soil contaminated by diesel, soil catalase, dehydrogenase and lipase activity increased, the lowest lipase activity by mutant bacteria DMYR9 repair contaminated soil system, with the degradation of diesel oil in the soil. Lipase activity and the number of mutations in bacteria is a good positive correlation. The mutant strain DMYR9 has a higher subsequent application value in the treatment and recovery of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
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Seasonal Variation and Relationship of Soil Fertility Indices for Different Types of Dry Land PeanutJ4. 2013, (6): 831-838. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0831Under the condition of field cultivation, the variation characteristics and relationship of main soil fertility index for lime concretion black soil and brunisolic soil were studied. The results showed that content of alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P and available K in both types of soil gradually decreased during peanut growing season, and the decrease rate during middle growing season of peanut was obviously higher than that of both early and late growing season, which was in accord with the absorption characteristics of the main nutrient element in peanut. Along with the peanut growth, numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, soil respiration rate, and enzyme activity of urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase presented a single-peak curve, which appeared in the middle of pod-filling stage. The number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and the enzyme activity of soil urease, invertase and phosphatase in lime concretion black soil were higher than that in brunisolic soil. On the contrary, the number of fungi in brunisolic soil was higher than that in lime concretion black soil. The decrease rate was faster in brunisolic soil in content of alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K, numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes,activity of urease, invertase and catalase, and was similar in content of available P and activity of acid phosphatase between the two types of soil during the late growing period. The reason that peanut planted in brunisolic soil prone to premature aging might be attribute to the fast decrease of soil fertility during the late growing stage. Positive significant or extra significant correlations among the most soil fertility indices were observed, but differences were also found in the correlations of few indices between the two type soils.
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J4. 2013, (6): 839-847. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0839The pot experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of elevated CO2 levels on the photosynthetic characteristics of ten rice cultivars (including five japonica rice and five indica rice) at various growth stages, growing in the contaminated soils. The results showed the highest photosynthetic rate of most rice species appeared at tillering stage, whereas was lowest at mature stage, under the condition of high and normal CO2 concentration. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate of all rice species increased with CO2 concentration increasing, and the variation patterns of photosynthetic rates of the rice species in different contaminated soils were consistent. The increase rates of photosynthetic rate for five japonica rice reached to the highest at the tillering stage which were from 64.14% to 143.19% in the severely polluted soil and, from 73.58% to 132.3% in the slightly polluted soil. However, the highest increase rates for five indica rice were present at mature stage that were from 104.33% to 256.00% in the severely polluted soil and from 100.99% to 254.81% in the slightly polluted soil, respectively. The influence of elevated CO2 on photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration followed a highly similar pattern, similarity of which was statistically significant; while the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at different growth stages displayed an inconsistent pattern, but it was not significantly different.
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J4. 2013, (6): 848-853. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0848Taking different colors potatos(Solanum tuberosum L.)‘Longshu No. 8’, ‘LongshuNo. 7’, ‘LC310-2’ and ‘Shandongcairou’ as materials, this experiment studied on anthocyanin accumulation and related signal mater Ca2+-ATPase and CaM of potato tuber after treatment of water (CK), NO, H2O2, NO+H2O2.The results showed that, the anthocyanin accumulated in 4 gene-types potatoes, Ca2+-ATPase activity increased, CaM content enhanced after exogenous NO and H2O2 treatments. The inductive effect was NO+H2O2>H2O2>NO>CK. Moreover, anthocyanin accumulation was related with Ca2+-ATPase activity increasing and CaM content enhance, and its related index was 0.9194 and 0.8859. It indicated that NO and H2O2 had a certain role in promoting the potato anthocyanin synthesis, and intracellular Ca2+/CaM signal play signal transduction in NO and H2O2 inducing potato anthocyanin synthesis.
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J4. 2013, (6): 854-860. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0854The study was conducted in nutrient solution to investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on growth of cucumber seedlings, antioxidant enzyme system under Ca(NO3)2 stress. The results showed that the growth of cucumber seedlings was inhibited. The dry weight and chlorophyll content significantly decreased under 70mmol·L-1 Ca(NO3)2 stress. The activities of antioxidant enzyme, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX, increased in leaves and roots under stress. At the same time, the MDA and soluble protein content also increased. However, spraying with SNP, a nitric oxide donor, obviously alleviated the inhibition from Ca(NO3)2 stress, increased the dry weight of cucumber seedlings, activities of antioxidant enzyme, chlorophyll and soluble protein content in different extent, and markedly decreased the MDA content. The above results indicated that NO could enhanced the Ca(NO3)2 tolerance. Spraying with SNP had no obvious effects on cucumber seedlings under normal nutrient solution cultivation.
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J4. 2013, (6): 861-866. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0861Pyraoxystrobin, (E)-methyl 2-(3-((3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yloxy) methyl) phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate, is a new fungicide and has its own intellectual property in China. The mechanism of the dynamics and metabolites of Pyraoxystrobin in cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) is investigate by isotopic tracer method with 14C-Pyraoxystrobin under laboratory conditions. Results showed as follows: (1) The pyraoxystrobin absorption increases with the increasing of time. At 12 days after treatment, the uptake of pyraoxystrobin has reached 70%. (2) The bound residues of Pyraoxystrobin and/or its metabolites in cucumber has the linear relation with the time, while its extractable residues increase during the first 8d, and then decreased. (3) There are seven radioactive metabolites detected by LSC-HPLC in cucumber plants, one of which is an intermediate metabolite.
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J4. 2013, (6): 867-872. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0867To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in plant salt tolerance, this study was conducted in nutrient solution to investigate the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity in Vitis amurensis 'Shuangfeng’ 1-year cutting seedling under 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress. The results showed that exogenous NO significantly promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in Vitis amurensis leavs, which led to the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA), thus protected chloroplast memberance stability and increased chlorophyll content. On the other hand, exogenous NO increased photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and regulated thermal energy dissipation (ΦNPQ) under NaCl stress. However, the minimal fluorescence (Fo) and decreased photo damage (ΦNO) in Vitis amurensis leaves were decreased. These results indicated that NO enhanced the tolerance of Vitis amurensis seedlings to NaCl stress through the protecting mechanism of thermal dissipation which alleviated photo inhibition caused by salt stress, improving photochemical electron transport efficiency and maintaining the normal function of PSII to some extent.
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J4. 2013, (6): 873-878. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0873
In the present study, the impact of two rare earth(La and Ce) treatment to the response of enzymatic protective systems and MDA content variations of pea seedlings under high copper stress (100mg·L-1) were researched. The results showed that the Cu stress decreased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in pea seedling leaves and increased the content of membrane lipid peroxidation products MDA. Appropriate concentration of Lanthanum(0~10mg·L-1)and Cerium(0~20mg·L-1)could effectively increase the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, meanwhile,decrease the content of MDA and significantly alleviated the toxic effect of Cu stress to pea seedlings(P<0.05). It means that the capability of active oxygen removing could be effectively improved under La、Ce processing, and alleviated the damage of cell membrane system to some degree. Further study also showed that the ability of improving pea seedling antioxidant activity and decreasing the content of MDA La was significantly better than Ce. However, high concentration(≥40mg·L-1)treatment of the two earth could aggravate the toxic effect of Cu on pea seedlings, which showed the stress of collaborative effect with Cu ion.
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J4. 2013, (6): 879-883. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.06.0879
The effect of electric field on the seeds is only a current effect. It is worthy of attention if there is an effective time for biological effects of electric treatment on seeds. When the oil sunflower seeds were treated with electric field from 1.0 to 5.5kV·cm-1, the optimal conditions for accelerating germination were selected. After the seeds were treated with the optimal conditions, the effective time of the electric biological effect is tested by comparing with those of the treated seed under different period of storage. Results showed that the germination, SOD and POD activity of the treated seeds were significantly accelerated compared with that of the untreated seed. However, there is an effective time for the effect of electric treatment on oil sunflower seeds. The effective time lasts for three weeks. The effective time for effect of electric field on the seeds should be taken into consideration during the application of the technology of electric treatment seeds.
