30 May 2013, Volume 27 Issue 5
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 533-538. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0533The Deinococcus gobiensis I-0, an extremely radiation-resistant bacterium, isolated from the Gobi, has superior resistance to abiotic stress (e.g radiation, oxidation, dehydration and so on). The two cold-shock proteins encoded by csp1 (Dgo_CA1136) and csp2 (Dgo_ PA0041) were identified in the complete genome sequence of D. gobiensis. In this study, we showed that D. gobiensis Csp1 protected Escherichia coli cells against cold shock and other abiotic stresses such as salt and osmotic shocks. The quantitative real-time PCR assay shows that the expression of trehalose synthase (otsA, otsB) was up-regulated remarkably under salt stress in the csp1-expressing strain, while no difference in the expression of the genes involved in trehalose degradation (treB and treC). The results suggested that Csp1 caused the accumulation of the trehalose was a major feature for improving tolerance to salt stress in E. coli.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 539-544. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0539The wild type of Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats accession was characterized by dwarf stature, small and narrow leaves, low biological yield, and relatively poor edible property. However, the feed application of Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats have technical advantages in wide adaptability, stress tolerance, and low planting cost, compared to that of the major feed crops i.e. maize, alfalfa, and sorghum. In the current paper, the objective of breeding is to improve yield, nutrition and edible property by induced mutation. High yield, high protein and low fiber mutants were successfully isolated after the dry seeds of Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats were irradiated by 300 Gy 60Co γ-rays. Crude protein content in leaves of mutant MJ-HPLF1 was significantly increased, with over average 30% increase compared to that of the wild type. Crude fiber content in leaves of mutant MJ-HPLF1 is obviously decreased, with over average 20% reduction compared to that of the wild type. Both of fresh and hay grass yields of mutant MJ-HPLF1 were all 2 times higher than that of the wild type.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 545-551. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0545Minhua-6 peanut(arachis hypogaea L.) was treated with different biotic and abiotic stresses, including low temperature, drought, several hormones, lack of calcium and Aspergillus flavus. A full-length cDNA library was constructed with a mixed samples treated or not by the method of SMART technique. The results showed that the entry library constructed had a high titer of 8.86?106 cfu with 97.6% recombinant percentage. 63.6% of inserts were ranged from 1 to 2 kb with an average size of 1300bp. This library can be used to screen resistant genes and provide a platform for investigating molecular mechanism of resistance favorable to peanut resistance improvement.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 552-556. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0552Physiological and biochemical changes and ISSR Polymorphic of calla lily caused by exposure to 12C6+heavy-ion radiation were studied. The results showed that bulb germination rate and plant height had significant negative correlation with radiation dose, while MDA content had high significant positive correlation with radiation dose. With increasing radiation dose, the activities of CAT, POD and resistance showed a trend of decrease after an initial increasing. Optimum doses of irradiation were 10~20Gy. ISSR molecular marker of the control and variant plants induced by the 12C6+heavy-ion radiation suggested that 121 bands were amplified with 22 ISSR primers among two calla lily varieties, 55 bands were polymorphic and the polymorphism rate reached to 45%, the 12C6+heavy-ion radiation could cause mutation of genome DNA in calla lily. It is suggested that effect of irradiation on calla lily plant was damage and suppression. Optimum doses of irradiation of 12C6+ Heavy ion might be applied for breeding method on Calla lily.
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The Phenotypic Traits, Genetic and Combination Characteristics of A Big Grain Mutant Zhenhui7954-Bg3J4. 2013, 27(5): 557-561. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0557A big grain mutant, Zhehui7954-BG3, was isolated from Zhehui7954 which is a restorer line of three- line hybrid rice irradiated by 350Gy 60Coγ-ray. It was investigated that Zhehui7954-BG3 had a bigger grain and heavier grain weight than Zhehui7954, but all other agronomic and quality traits were similar to the Zhehui7954. Genetic analysis indicated that the big grain trait was controlled by a dominant single gene. The characters and multiple regional test of yield of the hybrid rice derived from three elite sterility lines and Zhehui7954-BG indicated that Zhehui7954-BG3 maintained the high combination ability as Zhehui7954, and improved the yield of hybrid rice by increasing the grain weight.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 562-567. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0562Using an F2 population including 284 individuals derived from a cross between two japonica rice WAB368-B-2-H2-HB with early flowering and Liuqianxin with late flowering, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for flowering time of rice were identified by composite interval mapping using 117 SSR markers. The flowering traits exhibited a continuous normal distribution in F2 population, indicating that the flowering traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Four QTLs conferring flowering traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 1, 10 and 12, respectively, and their positive alleles came from early flowering parent WAB368-B-2-H2-HB. qFT-12 in the interval RM511-RM519 explained 11.3% of the phenotypic variance, which is worthy of further studies and utilization.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 568-575. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0568To broaden the genetic background of sweetpotato cultivars, screen the excellent parents for breeding, and improve breeding efficiency, the genetic diversity of 48 main sweetpotato germplasm resources were assessed using SRAP markers in this study. The results indicated that 29 of the 37 randomly selected primer pairs amplified polymorphic bands among the 48 sweetpotato germplasm with the polymorphism ratio of 78.4%. A total of 126 polymorphic bands were generated, and of these, 4.3 polymorphic bands per primer pairs in average could be detected. The genetic distance based on SRAP markers ranged from 0.037 to 0.601 among the different germplasm. At the genetic distance of 0.46, 48 germplasm were classified into six main groups, which included one composite group and five independent ones, and the composite group could be further divided into seven subgroups. The cluster result was consistent with the known pedigree of these varieties. Based on the cluster analysis of 5 important agronomics traits, 48 germplasm were classified into six main groups when the L1 was set to 3.20. The phenotypic correlation calculated based on the agronomic characteristics showed difference from the cluster result assessed by SRAP markers. The positive relationship between the genetic differences and the geographic origin were not observed.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 576-583. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0576For investigation of the restoring abilities of chromosome single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) in rice, 8 SSSLs carrying Rf3 gene from different donors,14 SSSLs with Rf4 gene from different donors and Indica Huajingxian74 (HJX74, Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4) were crossed to a DA-CMS line of XieqingzaoA (XqA), and their phenotyping for pollen and spikelet fertility were evaluated. The SSSL S18 with the strongest restorering ability to XqA, was identified, and then the BC3F2 population possessing the genetic background of the SSSL S18 was generated from the cross between the SSSL S18 and XqA by backcrossing and marker-assisted selection (MAS). To analyze the genetic effects of the Rf genes for DA-CMS system, the BC3F2 plants, carrying the genotypes Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4,Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4,rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4 and rf3rf3/rf4rf4, were selected by MAS and their genetic background were analyzed by using 213 SSR markers. The results were as follows. There were much differences in restoring abilities among the 22 SSSLs and HJX74. The restoration abilities of SSSLs carrying Rf3 gene were weaker than that of SSSLs with Rf4 gene and HJX74. SSSL S1 and SSSL S2 carrying the Rf3gene exhibited 14.1%(61.7%)and 15.7%(62.5%)pollen (spikelet) fertility of F1 plants and possessed the weaker restoring ability to DA-CMS. Out of the fourteen SSSLs with Rf4 gene, high levels of pollen fertility (>87%) and spikelet fertility (>95%) were observed in the crosses of XqA/SSSL S16-SSSL S22, which showed stronger restorer ability to DA-CMS. When 213 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic background and average length substituted chromosome segments (SCS) of the BC3F2 individuals, the numbers of SCS carried by BC3F2 individuals, having the genotypes of Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4,Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4,rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4 and rf3rf3/rf4rf4, was 1.0, while the average lengths of the SCS, corresponding to Rf3 and Rf4 loci, were 18.3 cM and 12.8 cM, respectively. The genetic effects of the Rf genes on pollen and spikelet fertility would be Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4>rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4>Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 >rf3rf3/rf4rf4, and the effect of the Rf4 appeared to be slightly larger than that of the Rf3, as well as their effects were additive for the CMS system.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 584-590. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0584In recent years, the insecticide imidacloprid is wildly used in rice fields. In this study, ISSR and AFLP techniques were used to test the DNA variation in the brown planthopper during the continuous application of imidacloprid. By using 20 ISSR primers, 49 loci were identified, of which only one site display polymorphism within samples. With 25 pairs of AFLP primers, 111 loci were obtained, of which 11 site displayed polymorphisms within samples. The highest and lowest rate of polymorphisms was 10.2% and 1.69%, which were occurred at the eighth and first generation, respectively. The polymorphism change trend indicated that, in the early screening stage (the earliest three generations), the brown planthopper responded genetically to imidacloprid quickly. In the middle screening stage (from 4th to 6th generations), its responses fluctuated substantially with AFLP polymorphism rate of 1.69%~8.47%. In the late screening stage (from 7th to 9th generations), its responses vared very little reaching AFLP polymorphism rate of 6.78%~10.2%. These results showed that the imidacloprid could induce DNA mutation in brown planthopper, therefore develop the resistance to insecticides. Our results provide important information on molecular mechanism of brown planthopper resistance to imidacloprid.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 591-597. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0591Buckwheat callus induced from the hypocotyl of its sterile seedling were cultivated in different light period treatment, different concentration of sucrose, L-phenylalanine and phytohormone to study the influence of different culture conditions on the growth of buckwheat callus and their flavonoids synthesis,those laid to a foundation for mass buckwheat cell culture and industrialized mass production of flavones.The result showed that:Light period treatment had no obvious effect on biological yield of buckwheat callus,but the light and dark processing alternately could promote the flavonoid synthesis;When the sucrose concentration was 4%,the biological yield of buckwheat callus,content and biological yield of flavones was reached maximum value;L-phenylalanine could promote the flavonoid synthesis in buckwheat callus,but inhibit the growth of buckwheat callus,when the L-phenylalanine concentration was 150μmol·L-1,biological yield of flavones was reached maximum value;In certain range of concentration,three kinds of phytohormone could promote the buckwheat callus growth and flavonoid synthesis,the effect of 2,4-D and 6-BA was superior to NAA,the effect of 2,4-D was the best,the best phytohormone mixture ratio of promoting biological yield of buckwheat callus and flavonoids synthesis was 1.5mg·L-1 2,4-D+0.6mg·L-1 6-BA.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 598-606. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0598Association mapping is widely used to dissect the genetic basis of phenotypic diversities and to mine the useful allele at a locus in plants or crops. With the technical development of mining the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in target genome, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) offers a new method to analyze the genetic basis of the complex agronomic traits. In this paper, the method of GWAS and its application in rice are summarized, and the potential problems of using GWAS in plants are discussed.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 607-612. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0607Error-prone PCR is currently the most simple, efficient method for in vitro mutagenesis, and is one of the important means for achieving excellent genes in agriculture, industry and bio-pharmaceuticals etc. This article summarized the basic principle, technique and developing process of error-prone PCR, and the latest research results, successful applications and developments were stated. The existing problems and possible solutions were also discussed.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 613-618. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0613Pepper powder, dried mushrooms, dates, walnuts and spirulina were collected as experimental materials. The characteristics of ESR spectral induced by gama irradiation on these plant products and detection basis were analyzed. Track testing was carried out for three years in Nanjing Irradiation Center. The results showed that ESR method could be used to detect whether product was irradiated or not according to the difference of ESR spectra before and after irradiation. Under conventional radiation dose, the correct rate of detection was 100% of pepper powder, dried mushrooms and red dates, but the correct rate of detection was 80%~88% of walnut powder and 85%~92% of spirulina powder. ESR method has broad application prospects in rapid identification and quality control of irradiation products.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 619-622. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0619The antiradiation effect of anthocyanins from purple corn in Drosophila was investigated. Flies after UV radiation were reproduced in basic culture media and culture media with anthocyanins at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.2 mg穖L-1. The protective effect of anthocyanins from purple corn was studied on life-span, reproductive rate of the flies. The results showed that the flies of 0.2 mg穖L-1anthocyanins group were significantly (at P<0.05) higher than the flies of the control group on average lifespan,time of 50% death and max lifespan after UV radiation. The number of offspring F1 generation of the 0.2 mg穖L-1 anthocyanins group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Therefore, anthocyanins from purple corn was able to resist radiation for prolonging lifespan and improving the productivity of the flies.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 623-628. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0623In order to put forward new method and basis to remove pesticide residues in Chinese herbs, the influence factors such as irradiation doses and water content of electron beam irradiation on degradation efficiency of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticides in ginseng are investigated. Additionally, the irradiation degradation of two pesticides treated with the same dose in several traditional Chinese herbal medicines like Baifuling is also studied. The irradiation can effectively degrade these pesticide residues in herbal medicines; the efficiency of lower doses are inferior to higher doses. The degradation rate rises when dose increases, and varies among 4~10kGy in different Chinese herbal medicines. The degradation efficiency of organophosphorous pesticides is better than those of carbamate pesticides.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 629-634. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0629The aim of the article is to study the effect of different enzyme to substrate (E/S) ratios, temperatures, and combination of papain and flavourzyme (enzyme added orders) on hydrolysis of chicken bone extracts by orthogonal experiment. The result showed that the optimum hydrolysis process with the combinatorial enzyme were solid-liquid ratio 1:3, 40℃, pH 7.0, first adding 1500 U·g-1 papain hydrolysis 2h, after enzyme deactivation then adding 1200 U·g-1 flavourzyme hydrolysis 2h.With this hydrolysis process, the hydrolysate has the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) and nitrogen recovery (NR) and lowest surface hydrophobicity. Under the optimal condition, a total of 26 volatile were determined using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), which includes pyrazines 41.94%, alcohols 21.83%, hydrocarbons 18.09% and a little aldehydes, ketones and phenols. The pyrazines was the highest contents of total volatile components and made a significant contribution to meat-like aroma, especially 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 635-640. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0635Three kinds of sea algae including Ulva fasciata, Sargassum henslouianum,and Gloiopeltis furcata were selected as experimental materials. Seven kinds of different crude polysaccharides components were obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction and stepwise ethanol precipitation. The crude polysaccharides were isolated and purified using radial flow chromatography. The purified polysaccharides were evaluated on their antioxidant activities including superoxide radical assay, hydroxyl assay and ABTS assay in vitro. The results indicated that the polysaccharide recovery rate and the deproteinization rate was 97.79% and 87.32% respectively. All of the seven different polysaccharide components showed some degree of radical scavenging activities, which increasing with concentration. The highest activity was found in SHP60, polysaccharides component of Sargassum henslouianum precipitated by 60% ethanol. Its scavenging ratio for superoxide radical was 74.34% and hydroxyl radical was 71.84% respectively at the concentration of 70μg·mL-1. The polysaccharides with medium molecular weight had better scavenging activities than those of high and low molecular weight.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 641-646. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0641To detect the concentration of Cu, Pb and Zn in edible oils, differential pulse stripping voltammetry was used to detect their mixture solution samples, and their electrochemical signals were obtained. The stripping signals were preprocessed respectively with smoothing, smoothing-derivation, kalman filtering and two-layer wavelet packet analysis for improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Then principal component analysis was employed to merge the signal data so as to reduce data dimensions. At the same time, the regression prediction models of Cu, Zn and Pb corresponding to the four denoising methods were established by least squares support vector machine, respectively. According to the test results of forecasting samples and practical samples, the prediction result of regression model based on smoothing-derivation was better than other methods, and it could meet the detection precision requirements of Cu, Pb and Zn in edible oils. Therefore, a new means for quickly detecting the contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in edible oils is provided in this investigation.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 647-652. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0647The relationships between chilling injure incidence and soluble sugars and pectin contents of peach fruit (cv. Yanhong) during cold storage were investigated. Results showed thatfruit extractable juice increased slightly and chilling injure increased extremely after 28 days of storage at 0℃. Meanwhile, no significant changes were observed in sucrose and glucose levels while fructose content decreased significantly during storage at 0℃. Furthermore, low temperature storage inhibited the degradation of Na2CO3-soluble pectin and the accumulation of CDTA-soluble and water-soluble pectins. These results suggest thatfructose loss and pectin metabolism disorder may be involved in chilling injure incidence of postharvest peach fruit stored at 0℃.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 653-657. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0653A simple and rapid method using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of four representative endogenous hormones including Gibberellic acid (GA3), Zeatin (ZT), Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and Abscisic acid (ABA) in Angelica dahurica.was described. Endogenous hormones were extracted using ethanol solution (80%, V/V) under low-temperature condition. Then the extracting sample was separated by HPLC with a C18 ODS column (150 mm×4.6mm, 5μm) using methanol-0.6% acetic acid (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase. The signal was detected by Photodiode Array (PDA), and the external standard method (ESTD) was employed for quantitative analysis. The experimental results demonstrated this method was an accurate and high-separation-efficiency technique to analyze trace amounts of the four endogenous hormones in various organs of Angelica dahurica.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 658-662. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0658Using amino group content as the estimated index, the condition for hydrolyzing edible gelatine with alkali protease was optimized by Box-Benhnken center combination. Then the formaldehyde-removal activity of gelatine hydrolysate was studied. The results showed as follows: (1) The optimal condition for hydrolyzing edible gelatine with alkali protease was temperature 61℃, pH 8.0, enzyme concentration 2667U·g-1 and 180min hydrolysis time. Under the optimal condition, the content of amino group was up to 0.277mol·L-1. (2) Formaldehyde could be captured by edible gelatine hydrolysate, and the formaldehyde-removal activity was significantly affected by reaction conditions, including concentrations of hydrolysate, reaction temperature, reaction time and pH. Alkaline environment could promote hydrolysate's capture of formaldehyde and there was positive correlation between the removal rate and factors such as concentration of hydrolysate, reaction temperature and time. After 1 h at 100℃, the formaldehyde-removal rate of gelatine hydrolysate were up to 51.09%, pH 7.0 and 82.77%, pH9.0, respectively.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 663-672. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0663In this study, the experiments of field runoff plots were designed to assess the effects of different rainfall intensities, phosphorus levels, slopes and vegetation coverage on soil phosphorus runoff loss from vegetable plots by artificial rainfall simulations. Based on this analysis, a regression model of the relationships of soil TP and PP concentration to rainfall intensity, phosphorus level and slope was established by using quadratic general rotation design. At the same time, the interaction among the tested factors was analyzed. The results showed that soil erosion increased with the increase of rainfall intensity, phosphorus level and slope, which accelerated loss rate of TP, DP and PP in the process of runoff. During the different growth stages of little cabbage, increase with vegetation coverage the runoff-generation time extended and runoff volume reduced. But there were not obviously correlations between vegetation coverage and phosphorus concentration of different forms. Mutual effect analysis of two factors indicated that there existed an interaction range between rainfall intensity and phosphorus level, phosphorus level and slope, rainfall intensity and slope. The range existed when rainfall intensity under 0.83 mm穖in-1and 1.17 mm穖in-1, the phosphorus level under 0 kg穐m-2and 30 kg穐m-2, and the slope were under 0 and 3?. There were not significant effects of mutual effect on soil TP and PP concentration with runoff in the lower range. But the synergistic effects were shown in the higher range. Therefore, measures in farmland management should be taken to abate the synergistic effects, and then reduce the impact of soil phosphorus loss with runoff on water environment.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 673-680. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0673Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial variance. Based on analyzing climatic database of Henan province during 1950-2000, the spatial variability and distribution characteristics of solar radiation during tobacco growth are studied by using geostatistical method combined with GIS. The statistical results indicated that solar radiation mentioned above were fitted with normal distribution well, satisfying the demanding of stationary hypothesis for geostatistics. The coefficients of variation of solar radiation in May, which is 9.93%, is the greatest among tobacco growth stages; while the coefficients of variation of solar radiation in July, which is 3.87%, is the smallest among tobacco growth stages. Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that total solar radiation during tobacco growth was well described with gaussian model, with the distance of spatial dependence being 1997100.00m. And it was strongly spatially dependence with C0/sill being 18.45%. The Kriging method and GIS technique were applied to calculate the unobserved points and were used to generate the contour map. The area with total solar radiation during tobacco growth semivariogram in the range of 2170~2258MJ穖-2 were found in Nanyang City, Xinyang City, Luoyang City, Sanmenxiao City, and Pingdingshan City, accounting for 23.20% of the whole area. The area with total solar radiation during tobacco growth semivariogram in the range of 2258~2346MJ穖-2were found in Zhumadian city,Sanmenxiao City,Luoyang City,Pingdingshan City,Nanyang City, Xinyang City and Luoyang City, accounting for 33.07% of the whole area. The area with total solar radiation during tobacco growth semivariogram in the range of 2346~2522MJ穖-2 were found in Jiaozuo City, Hebi City, Zhoukou City, Shangqiu City, Xuchang City, Kaifeng City, Anyang City, Xinxiang City, and Puyang City, accounting for 16.65% of the whole area.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 681-686. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0681Recently, much attention is focused on biochar in terms of soil amendment, pollution restoration and carbon sequestration. Especially, turning biomass waste into biochar has been proposed as a promising management strategy for carbon sequestration and warming mitigation. Therefore, in this paper, principle, characteristic, cause and capacity of carbon sequestration by biochar were introduced. Moreover, we briefly reviewed and discussed research direction in theory to the effect of biochar on carbon sequestration, which provides perspectives on applications and promotions of carbon sequestration technology by bicohar.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 687-693. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0687In this paper, the lateral rootless mutant (RM109) was applied to study others accompany-linked traits except the rootless character in order to reveal variation of the physiological and biochemical aspects induced by genetic mutation. Compared to the wild type, some physiological indexes of RM109 were decreased, including grain width, grain thickness, hundred-grain weight, and the amount of hundred-grain. In RM109, Starch content of one hundred grains was 135% of wild type at the seed period and 157% of wild type after germinated for 5 days, while SDH specific activity of root was 8% of wild type after germinated for 4 days. After treated with 1 μmol·L-1AgNO3,RM109 can be tolerant to ACC, H2O2, 2, 4-D, and TIBA, but the tolerance to ACC and H2O2 with non-Ag+ was lower than that of wild type, and the tolerance to 2, 4-D and TIBA with non-Ag+ was higher than that of wild type.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 694-697. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0694The HPLC-ELSD method was applied to determine soluble sugars in stem and to study the relationship between soluble sugar content of soybean stem and plant height. The results, based on the survey of plant height and the detection of soluble sugars, showed that both plant height and soluble sugar content of the wild-type were higher than the dwarf soybean mutant. This study indicated that the sugar content in soybean stem was related with stem height.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 698-702. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0698In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate photosynthetic parameters and osmotic regulators in flag leaf of spring wheat Longchun 27 and to make clear photosynthetic efficiency and drought-tolerant mechanism and imitate survival mechanism in semi-arid and arid condition. The results showed that chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate were gradually reduced from 80% and 60% to 40% of soil moisture, soluble sugar, proline and malonaldehyde contents, acid invertase and peroxidase activities were gradually increased from 80% and 60% to 40% of soil moisture. Soluble sugar content and acid invertase activity in 60% of soil moisture were significantly higher than soluble sugar content and acid invertase activity in 40% and 80% of soil moisture, and soluble protein content in 60% of soil moisture was significantly lower than soluble protein content in 40% and 80% of soil moisture. Meanwhile, contents of proline and malonaldehyde as well as peroxidase activity under 40% of soil moisture were significantly higher than those under 60% and 80% of soil moisture, which suggested flag leaf of spring wheat Longchun 27 was sensitive to water stress, and stomatal and non-stomatal factors accounted for low photosynthetic rate in moderate and severe water stress. Low photosynthetic rate in moderate water stress was caused by low chlorophyll content rather than CO2 shortage, while that in severe moderate water stress was accounted for low chlorophyll content and CO2 shortage. These findings suggested that high soluble sugar, contents of proline and malonaldehyde as well as peroxidase activity were the main causes leading to drought tolerance in spring wheat under semi-arid and arid condition.
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J4. 2013, 27(5): 703-707. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0703Hydroponic experiments, on the basis of adjusting pH and eliminating the influence of accompany ions, were conducted to explore effect of silicon on strawberry growth and physiological characteristics under drought stress. PEG6000 (Polyethylene glycol 6000, approximately -0.15MPa of osmotic potential) was chosen to simulate drought stress conditions. Results showed that the growth and photosynthesis of strawberry plants were inhibited under drought stress. However, the addition of silicon can effectively improve the relative growth rate and photosynthetic pigment content, and increase plant biomass under the same stress conditions. Compared with no silicon treatments, the appropriate amount of silicon can improve the stability of cell membrane system and reduce MDA content, and MDA content of silicon treatments decreased by 26.56%~35.84%. It can reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, and maintain the content of free proline and soluble sugar in certain level and the ability of plants to drought resistance. The application of silicon significantly increased SOD, POD and CAT activities by 42.89%~57.347%, 26.63%~47.80% and 4.85%~44.64%, respectively, which can be helpful to reduce the damages of reactive oxygen species and free radicals on the strawberry leaves.
