20 February 2012, Volume 26 Issue 1
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0001
A fragile and dwarf rice mutant (dfr) was obtained from M2 population of indica variety 9311 irradiated by nitrogen ion beam. The plant height of the mutant is 74.5cm, while that of wild type is 122.9cm. Cell wall composition analysis indicated that cellulose and hemi-cellulose contents in leaf of the mutant and wild type were 13.8% and 23.8%, 24.2% and 20.6%,respectively, which in stem were 22.3% and 34.1%, 30.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Other cell wall components changed slightly. Genetic analysis showed that the character of dfr was controlled by a recessive gene. The dfr gene was mapped on rice chromosome 2 by using a F2 population developed from a cross between the mutant and 02428, and the genetic distances from the gene to the linked SSR markers RM5472 and RM240 were 1.1cM and 1.6cM, respectively.The above results laid the basis for the research of the fragile and dwarf mutant and its gene cloning.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 6-10,16. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0006
To establish an efficient regeneration system of high-quality rice varieties in Jiangsu Province, the matured embryo was selected as explants from glutinous rice cultivar Suyunuo and semi-glutinous rice cultivar Nanjing 5055, using non-glutinous rice cultivar Nanjing 44 as control. The induction, subculture, differentiation of callus and plant regeneration were compared among these varieties. The results showed that the callus induction frequency of Suyunuo and Nanjing 5055 were 98.81% and 81.00%, respectively, which was slightly lower than that of Nanjing 44 (99.32%) after induction 20 days with hormone combinations of 2,4-D (3mg/L), KT (0.1mg/L) and ABA (0.2mg/L) in basal medium M8. The induction speed of Suyunuo were similar with that of Nanjing 44, while slower speed was observed in Nanjing 5055. The maximum differentiation rates of Suyunuo and Nanjing 5055 (86.54% and 56.52%, respectively) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/L 2,4-D and 2mg/L 6-BA, while the rate of Nanjing 44 was 21.42% on some condition. The Nanjing 44 had its maximum differentiation rate (66.67%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.2mg/L 2,4-D and 3mg/L 6-BA. The maximum regeneration rates of three genotypes were 87.5% 1, 78.38% 2 and 65.3%3, respectively.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0011
In this study, recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were derived from crosses between Xiangjing 9407 and IRBB60. Although both parents have characteristics of drooping panicle, five RIL lines showed the segregation of the erect and drooping panicle phenotype with a ratio of 3∶1. The locus responsible for the erect panicle was found to be the gene model LOC_Os09g26999 on chromosome 9. Compared with the cultivar Nipponbare which has a drooping panicle, there was a 637 bp deletion in the forth and fifth exon of this gene in the lines with erect panicle.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 17-21. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0017
Ningmai 9 is a soft wheat cultivar with high and stable yield, broad adaptation, moderate resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) and high resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). The ten new wheat cultivars derived from Ningmai 9 have become or will soon be becoming the leading cultivars in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to explore the value of Ningmai 9 as a crossing parent in wheat breeding program, the physiological basis for high yield and genetic characters for yield, quality and disease resistance of Ningmai 9 were analyzed, meanwhile the main features of its ten derivatives were also described. The results showed that Ningmai 9 had high photosynthetic capacity, water use efficiency and drought resistance, and its high-yielding potentiality was mainly determined by more spikes per unit and grains per spike. The cultivar had high general combining ability in many characters such as grains per spike, harvest index, protein content, alkaline water retention capacity and disease resistance which were easily passed to its derivatives. As a direct parent, the ten excellent cultivars Ningmai 13, Ningmai 14, Ningmai 16, Shengxuan 4, Shengxuan 6, Yangmai 18, Yangfumai 4, Zhenmai 5, Zhenmai 8 and Nannong 0686 were developed by various breeding methods, and all these derivatives maintained its excellent traits such as high and stable yield, moderate resistance to FHB, and resistance to WSSMV. Therefore, it was concluded that Ningmai 9 was an elite parent with high general combining ability, and it had important value for developing the new wheat cultivars with high-yielding, better quality and disease resistance.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0022
For common wheat line, three pistils (TP), is a valuable mutant trait for wheat breeding, because it could potentially increase the number of gains per spike. In this study, the material with 3 pistils was used as donor parent, and Chinese spring, Chuanmai 28, Mianyang 29 and Neimai 9 were used as recurrent male parents. After successive backcrossing for 7 generations and then self-crossing for 4 generations, 4 near isogentic lines (NILs), CSTP, CM28TP, MY29TP and NM9TP were bred. Genetic similarity and genetic distance of 4 near isogentic lines and their recurrent parents were compared and analyzed by SRAP marker. The results were summarized as follows: (1) All the 128 pairs of SRAP primers amplified 978 bands, 120 pairs (93.8%) of primers produced polymorphic bands and 638 bands (65.2%) were polymorphic; (2) The genetic similarity coefficient of CSTP, CM28TP, MY29TP and NM9TP with their recurrent parents were 0.9346, 0.9397, 0.9070 and 0.8732, respectively. (3) Cluster analysis revealed that CSTP and CM28TP had least difference with the recurrent parent, and was clustered into a small class with the similarity coefficient of 0.93
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 28-31,42. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0028
Irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (12Gy), the pollen of wheat landrace Huixianhong-Secale cereale cv. Jingzhouheimai DA1R was pollinated to the emasculated spikes of Huixianhong. Analyzed with genomic in situ hybridization GISH using gDNA of rye cv. Jingzhouheimai as a probe, four plants with reciprocal translocation, four plants with large segmental translocation and one plant with distal segmental translocation, one plant with one telocentric chromosome were identified from 33 M1 seeds. The results showed that the translocation frequency was 30.30% and of the total 11 breakage-fusion events, 1 involved centric regions and 10 involved interstitial regions, The experiment showed that pollen irradiation was an effective method to induce wheat alien chromosomal structural variations, which could effectively be used in deletion mapping, chromosomal location of important agronomic genes and development of small segmental translocations with target genes.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 32-35. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0032
To study the effect of induction methods and genotypes of triticale and maize genotypes on triticale haploid induction, four different induction methods, 3 triticale genotypes and 3 types of maize were used. The results indicated that the triticale pollinated by maize pollen and then treated with 100mg/L 2, 4-D combined with 30ml/L DMSO was the best induction method with triticale haploid rate of 6.65%. Different triticale genotypes had different haploid rates, and H09-4 was the best one with highest haploid embryos induction rates. Different maize types could induce different triticale haploid frequencies, and popcorn was better than sweet corn and normal corn for its higher frequency of triticale haploid embryo formation.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 36-42. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0036
The method of major gene and polygene inheritance model was used to analyze the inheritance of plant height and brix value in a cross between common sorghum Shihong137 and sweet sorghum L-Tian. P1,P2,F1 and F2 of the cross were applied in this sutdy. The optimum model for plant height was two pairs of complete dominant major genes and additive and dominant polygene inheritance model. The inheritance rate of major genes was 74.4% and that of polygene was 22.1%. The optimum model of brix value was one pair of additive and dominant major genes and additive-dominant-epistasis polygene mixed inheritance model. The inheritance rate of major genes was 65.72% and that of polygene was 20.43%. The number of major genes and genetic effects were consistent with those of QTLs identified in the same cross.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0043
By constructing a cDNA library of peanut immature seed and large scale EST sequencing, full length open reading frame of peanut cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) were cloned. Sequence alignment results showed that the whole coding region of C4H was highly conserved among different plant species. The ORF of AhC4H was 1518bp, which encoded a protein of 505 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 57.9kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.04. AhANR with an ORF of 966bp encoded a protein of 321 amino acids which had a predicted molecular weight of 35kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.31. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that AhC4H was located in mitochondria and AhANR in extracellular. Semi-quantitative PCR results demonstrated that AhC4H and AhANR were ubiquitously expressed in root, stem, leaf, flower, gynophore and seed. The expression of AhANR was strong and higher in gynorphore than in other tissues.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0049
RNA editing status of three mitochondrial genes nad2, atpA and cob from hot pepper CMS line North A and its maintainer line North B were studied. For nad2 the results showed that nad2 and cob were edited at different degree except atpA. For nad2 there were ten editing sites in CMS line, of which seven sites occurred as C-to-U changes, one as U-to-C change, the other two as C-to-G and A-to-U. However, maintainer line had only seven C-to-U editing sites. For cob gene there were six editing sites in 'North A', of which five sites occurred as C-to-U changes and one as U-to-C change. The maintainer line preserved the five editing sites of C-to-U while lacked of the U-to-C change and added a G-to-U unique editing site. The maintainer line had obviously higher editing frequency at each editing site than the CMS line. The amino acid and hydrophobicity of the deduced protein were changed after editing, suggesting that the RNA editing might contribute to CMS property in pepper.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 54-59,67. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0054
Mitochondrial gene atp6 had close relation with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of various plants. To understand the potential function of apt6 gene on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) CMS, we cloned atp6 gene from two CMS lines and their maintainer lines. Sequencing results showed six different bases in atp6 genes for two lines. Bioinformatics analysis of their predicted protein revealed that the six base differences would lead to the differences of four predicted residues and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic profiles in corresponding regions. The predicted proteins from CMS lines presented a changing trend of increasing periodic structure (mainly being α-helix) but decreasing aperiodic structure (mainly being coil) in the secondary structures and domains. The above information indicated that the atp6 base differences of CMS lines could lead to the change in spatial structure of their coding subunits. It is presumed that structural differences in subunit 6, especially in its domain might be a potential factor that disturbed the function of F0F1-ATP synthetase in mitochondrion and thus became one of the possible causes of tobacco CMS.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 60-67. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0060
The changes of key enzyme gene expression of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway during heat stress in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was studied by real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Extract RNA from Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves on 0~48h during heat stress, and 2 genes, Actin and GAPDH, were used as reference genes for rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway key enzyme gene expressing. Build the PAL、C4H、4CL、TAT、HPPD、HPPR and RAS rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway key enzyme gene 0~48h expression profile. PAL、C4H and RAS were down-regulated; TAT、4CL and HPPD were up-regulated first and down-regulated later; and HPPR were no changed first and down-regulated later. Heat stress affected the rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway key enzyme gene expression. This work founded the basis for further study on heat stress and phenolic acid accumulation connection in chinese medicine species Salvia miltiorrhiza.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 68-72. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0068
The sensitivity and concentration completely inhibited (MIC) of Beauveria bassiana to carbendazim were studied by means of mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that among the tested strains of Beauveria bassiana, Bb06 was the most sensitive to carbendazim, the MIC of Beauveria bassiana to carbendazim was 9μg/ml. The resistant level of the carbendazim-resistant strains of Beauveria bassiana which induced by mycelium and conidia were determined. The results showed that the resistant level of BC-4 was the highest among the carbendazim-resistant strains, and the EC50 and the resistant level were 258.7711 and 242.11, respectively. The resistance level of BC-3 was the lowest among the carbendazim-resistant strains, and the EC50 was 18.6311. The mycelia growth rate and conidia productivity of the carbendazim-resistant strains were also studied. The results showed that the mycelium growth rate of parent strain (Bb06) was the largest(1.78mm/d) and BC-8 was the smallest(1.41mm/d). The conidia productivity of the carbendazim-resistant strains was stronger than the parent strain Bb06. Among the carbendazim-resistant strains, the conidia productivity of BC-4 was the best.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0073
Replication fork progression can be blocked easily by DNA damage. Damaged DNA repair and the subsequent restart of the stalled or collapsed replication forks are critical for cell survival. The PriA-dependent pathway is the major replication restart mechanism in bacteria. To understand the roles of a priA-like gene (Dr2606) in Deinococcus radiodurans and DNA repair,a Dr2606 null mutant was constructed by replacing Dr2606 open reading frame with a kanamycin-resistance gene and treated the Dr2606 mutant with UV and mitomycin C (MMC), and the DNA transformation efficiency of the Dr2606 mutant was also tested. Successively, the Dr2606 mutant showed a delayed growth and a dramatic decrease of cell viability. Unexpectedly, the DNA repair capability of D. radiodurans was not impaired by the inactivation of Dr2606. However, the DNA transformation efficiency was largely compromised in the mutant. These results indicate that the priA-like gene (Dr2606) is dispensable for stalled DNA replication forks restart in D. radiodurans and origin-independent replication restart in D. radiodurans may be different from other bacteria.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 80-85. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0080
The influences of irradiation, hot air temperature and thicknesses of the slices on the characters of dehydration and surface temperature of 60Co γ-rays irradiated sweet potato were investigated. Meanwhile, microscopic observation and determination of water activity of irradiated sweet potato were conducted. The results show that the drying rate and the surface temperature rised with the increasing of irradiation dose. When the dry basis moisture content was 150%, the drying rate of the samples were 1.92, 1.97, 2.05, 2.28, 3.12%/min while the irradiation dose were 0, 2, 5, 8, 10kGy, and the surface temperature were 48.5℃, 46.3℃, 44.5℃, 42.2℃, 41.5℃, respectively. With higher air temperature and thinner of the sweet potato slices, the dehydration of the irradiated sweet potato slices were faster. The drying speed of sweet potato slices at 85℃ was 170min faster than that of 65℃. The drying speed of 7mm sweet potato slices was 228min faster than that of 3mm sample. The cell wall and the vacuole of the sweet potato slices were broken after irradiation, and its water activity increased with the inorease is radiation dose. The water activity of the irradiated samples were 0.92, 0.945, 0.958, 0.969, 0.979 with the irradiation doses of 0, 2, 5, 8, 10kGy, respectively.The hot air drying rate, surface temperature and water activity of sweet potato are significantly impacted by irradiation. The conclusion provids a theoretical foundation for further processing techonology of combined radiation and hot air drying sweet potato.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 86-90,85. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0086
To study the effects of dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) on membrane permeability of E. coli, the content of protein, nucleic acid, Mg2+, K+ and malondialdehyde (MDA)of E. coli were studied coupled with Transmission Electron Micrographs (TEM) technique. Under the DPCD condition of 7MPa, 37℃ for 10min, 99% of E. coli was inactivated. After DPCD treatment, proteins, nucleic acid and Mg2+, K+ leaked from cells, and the content of MDA increased and the density of substances inside the cell decreased through the TEM view. The results indicated that DPCD treatment caused the membrane permeability of E. coli increased which was also an important cause of cell death.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 91-94,106. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0091
The micro-structures of apple and radish samples after high-pulsed electric field (HPEF)pretreatment were studied by electron microscope experiments and the mechanism of the cell structure of apple and radish samples under HPEF pulse intensity, pulse length and pulse number were investigated. The results showed that the membrane permeability of apple and radish samples were changed and cell structure of them were heavily damaged by HPEF pretreatment. Derived form medium theory, it showed that the electric field intensity was the main factor of HPEF pretreatment. The force in sample tissue was proportional to the square of electric field intensity, and the pulse length and pulse number also had electric breakdown effects. These provides a theoretical basis of HPEF pretreatment parameters on fruits and vegetables.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 95-101. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0095
The flour physicochemical characteristics of 14 fresh waxy maize varieties in nation maize regional test were studied. The results indicated that the flour physicochemical characteristics were different among 14 varieties. The starch and protein content were ranged from 48.7% to 72.2% and from 7.4% to 8.9%, respectively, and the starch and protein contents had little effects on physicochemical characteristics. The λmax of all varieties showed typical waxy character as it was between 531.6 and 559.4nm. Iodine binding capacity and minor element contents were different among test varieties. The results of DSC and RVA indicated that HKN3 and HSN1512 presented better viscosity characteristics, which indicated its fresh eating advantage; HSN1512 and SN062 were better for making quick-frozen maize as it presented lower retrogradation tendency. The results of correlation analysis observed that iodine binding capacity was negatively correlated to the percentage of retrogradation and positively correlated to setback. Among minor elements, Cu, Fe, Ca and Na content had no effects on thermal and pasting characteristics, Mn, Zn, S and P were observed negatively correlated to peak viscosity and breakdown; K was positively correlated to breakdown; and S content was positively correlated to pasting temperature.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 102-106. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0102
Silica bodies were prepared from rice straw using desiccation-ignition-calcination method, and the prepared silica bodies characterization and photocatalytic ability were studied. It was found that the silica bodies were composed of amorphous micro and nano silica particles, presented Light-driven Dehydrogenase-like Activity (LDA) and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl violet. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was quickly catalysed to water-insoluble Triphenylformanzan (TPF) by silica bodies under the artificial sunlight, valve of the LDA was high up to 2622μg TPF ·g-1 ·min-1; The results of photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet showed that photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl violet could reach 94.4% in the present of silica bodies after 2h photocatalytic reaction. The study provides a new way for the development and utilization of biomass resources, meanwhile, offers new ideas to researches about the structure and function of biomaterial in natural.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 107-112. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0107
To reveal the environmental effects on the yield and β-glucan contents of barley grain, eleven barley cultivars were selected and planted on six locations with different ecological conditions. The result showed that there were significant difference about barley yield among different locations, the average yield in Xiangfan was the highest. The average yield of Supi 3 were 5391.7kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than other cultivars. Effects of planting locations and different cultivars on the β-glucan contents of barley gain were obvious. G231M004M's average contents of β-glucan in all six locations were the highest, and was obvious difference compared with other cultivars. The β-glucan content of 11 cultivars in Baoshan location was obviously higher than other locations. These results indicated that it is important and effective to select specific cultivars and plant under suitable ecological conditions to improve the yield and β-glucan contents in barley grain.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 113-117,140. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0113
To prepare high sensibility and specificity polyclonal antiserum against FB1, Fumonisin B1 (FB1) artificial antigens were synthesized and identified through animal immune in this study. FB1 were separately coupled with carrier protein BSA and OVA using EDC method, then the immune antigen FB1-BSA and detection antigen FB1-OVA were obtained. The BALB/c mice were respectively immune at the dose of 10 and 30μg, every four weeks, four times in total. At the thirty days after the last immunity, the poly-antiserum was prepared through broken tail method. The titer of antiserum was determined by indirect ELISA, sensibility and specificity was determined by indirect competitive ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the high titer of the antiserum of six mice were above 1∶104. The antiserum of No.3 mouse has the best sensibility. Its IC50 was 61.3ng/ml and has good specificity. In this study, FB1 artificial antigens were successful synthesized. FB1 poly-antiserum with high sensibility and specificity were obtained, and this poly-antiserum may lay a foundation for the further study about FB1 monoclonal antibody preparation and the immunology fast detection methods.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 118-122,175. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0118
To improve expression of genetically engineered tetravalent antibodies against parathion in E.coli using optimal combination of expression plasmid and host, after being cloned, gene of tetravalent antibody, named sc-sa, was subcloned into downstream promoter of the vector pTO-T7 containing an enhancer from tabacoo mosauc virus (TMV), Ω sequence. Then the expression vector was used to transformed E.coli OrigamiB(DE3) for prokaryotic expression. The product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. Activity of target protein was measured with ELISA after purification using Ni-NTA chelating affinity chromatography. The results showed that SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis demonstrated that the tetravalent antibody was highly in the form of both inclusion body and soluble protein with a purity up to 90%. The results of ELISA showed that antibody liter was about 1∶106 and affinity constant was 6.84×108L /mol. Compared to maternal antibody and ScFv (single chain Fv antibody), expression level and bioactivity of tetravalent antibody had improved significantlly with the application of expression vextor pTO-T7 in E.coli OrigamiB(DE3).
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0123
In this study, the typical grassland chernozem, chestnut soil and calcic brown soil were analyzed to evaluate humus contents in different layers and to confirm their vertical contribution. Results showed: 1 The total carbon contents in three typical grassland soils of Xinjiang decreased according to the order of chernozem>chestnut soil>calcic brown soil; 2 Humin(HM)is predominant in these three typical grassland soils, and the decreasing sequence was the same as that of total carbon. 3 The analysis based on humus types indicated that chernozem and chestnut soil belonged to humic-fulvic acid type, and humic acid was the main content, the ratio value of CH(the carbon content of Humic acid) to CF (the carbon content of Fulvic acid) was more than 1(CH/CF>1), while the calcic brown soil belonged to fulvic-humic(FA)acid type(CH/CF<1). 4 Humic acids combined with sesquioxide in typical grassland chernozem, chestnut soil and calcic brown soil were 6.85%, 5.65% and 1.65%, respectively. And fulvic acids combined with sesquioxide were 0.53%, 0.84%, 4.91% in the same order, respectively. 5 The vertical contribution regularities of dissociated humus from 0~20cm to 40~60cm in depth showed that the dissociated humic acid and fulvic acid in chernozem decreased from 5.74 and 2.33 g/kg to 2.70 and 0.89g/kg, respectively. In the chestnut soil decreased from 1.88 and 1.03 g/kg to 0.59 and 0.75g/kg, which decreased from 2.10 and 2.90g/kgto 1.92 and 0.67g/kg(in the calcic brown soil).
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 129-134,27. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0129
On the basis of the 28-year experiment located in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, effects of fertilization, stubble mulch and irrigation under different fertilization on soil urease, phosphatase, invertase, hydrogen peroxidase activities and contents of soil nutrients were studied through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Results were as follows: the activities of urease was not influenced by NP treatment, the activities of phosphatase and invertase increased 119.6% and 22.0% by NP treatment respectively. The activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase increased 53.2%,130.8% and 60.6% by NPM treatment, respectively, thus effects of NPM on enzyme activities were obviously higher than that of NP. Effects of stubble mulch and irrigation on urease, phosphatase and invertase activity were different due to different fertilization. The contents of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and total nitrogen were increased by NP and the contents of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased by irrigation under NP treatment. The contents of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were increased by NPM and stubble mulch treatment. In addition, the content of available phosphorus in NPM treatment was 64.4mg/kg higher than that in control, which was 44.0 mg/kg higher in NMP combined with stubble mulch treatment than NPM treatment. Fertilization, stubble mulch and irrigation had no obvious influence on the content of total potassium and hydrogen peroxidase activity in soil. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis showed that nutrient factor and enzyme activity factor of soil were easily increased by NPM and NPM combined irrigation, stubble mulch was helpful to increase soil nutrient factor, but not to increase enzyme activity factors, and irrigation was not so effective as fertilization or stubble mulch. It is necessary to pay attention to the negative effect of stubble mulch on enzyme activities.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 135-140. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0135
Non-destructive and rapid monitoring methods for leaf nitrogen and seed protein of rice is of great significance in estimating rice nutritional diagnosis and grain quality monitoring, enhancing nitrogen management and use efficiency. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to determine leaf nitrogen, grain protein content and canopy spectra in rice, and establish model to predict the leaf nitrogen and seed protein. Key spectral bands were selected by principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the predicted models were built by multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. Results showed that significant correlation was found between leaf nitrogen and grain protein content and key spectral bands, and the determined coefficient of predication (R2p) were higher than 0.847, and tested results predicted by PLSR models is the best. Therefore, it is concluded that rice nutrition and grain quality could be estimated by hyper spectral data.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 141-149. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0141
In order to study the effects of different P rates on biomass, grain yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation and their distribution at different stages, P-efficient wheat cultivars (CD1158-7, Sheng A3 yi 03-4) and P-inefficient wheat cultivars (Yu 02321) were supplied with 0, 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 30mg/kg P under pot experiment. Results were as follows: (1) When applied P reduced, the amount of total biomass and grain yield were decreased among all tested cultivars. Under the same P application level, the amounts of biomass and grain yield of P-efficient wheat cultivars were higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar. The grain yields of P-efficient cultivars was respectively 1.84 times and 1.74 times, 1.64 times and 1.27 times higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar under 0, 10mg/kg P application. (2) The amount of nitrogen accumulation of P-efficient cultivars was higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar under lower P rates. And the ratio about nitrogen accumulation during the whole growth period of P-efficient wheat cultivars was higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar before the flowering stage. The distribution ratio of nitrogen were significantly difference, leaf>stem>root (at at jointing and booting stage), leaf>stem>spike>root (at flowering stage) and grain, glume>stem>leaf>root (at maturing stage). The P-efficient wheat with nitrogen distribution ratio in root were higher than that of P-inefficient wheat cultivar at jointing and booting stage, and with higher distribution ratio in spike or grain at flowering and maturing stage. (3) The ratio of 82.32%~94.23% phosphorus was accumulated after jointing stage. The amount of P accumulation of P-efficient wheat cultivars were higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar at jointing and booting stage, under lower P application, especially at booting stage. P-efficient wheat cultivars have higher distribution ratio at root before flowering stage. (4) Under different P rates, the amount of potassium accumulation of P-efficient cultivars was higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar at jointing, booting and flowering stage. The distribution ratio of potassium were leaf>stem>root (at jointing and booting stages), stem>leaf>spike>root (at flowering stage) and stem>leaf>grain,glume>root (at maturing stage). The P-efficient wheat cultivars with potassium distribution ratio at grain and glume were higher than that of P-inefficient cultivar.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 150-156. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0150
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate root traits using 23 leading wheat cultivars currently grown in in Huanghuai Plains as test materials. Root vigor, nitrogen content, soluble sugars were investigated and subjected to cluster analysis. Results showed that the twenty-three cultivars could be classified into three groups: being with the strong(A groups), the medium(B groups), and the weak(C groups) root physiological activity, respectively. Under the present experiment, cultivars in B groups showed a better overall performance with more medium root vigor, nitrogen content, soluble sugars, and the highest grain yield, and were considered as more ideal breeding materials. These findings provided theoretical references for reasonable utilization of the current leading cultivars, breeding of new cultivars, and high-yield, good-quality and high-efficient wheat production practice in Huanghuai Plains.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 157-163. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0157
Effects of plant growth regulator ethylene-CCC-PASPK(ECK) on leaf senescence physiology and yield characters were investigated under different planting densities of Jingdan 28 and Xianyu 335 in the field condition. Results indicated that leaf stay-green degree, chlorophyll content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxides (POD), hydrogen peroxidase (CAT) decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with planting density increasing. Chlorophyll content was improved by 6.57%~23.40% under plant growth regulator (RGR) treatment and the stay-green degree increased by 4.5%~13.9%. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT were enhanced while MDA content was reduced under mid and high planting densities compared with control. PGR treatment also enhanced ear-length, grain number per row and 100-kernels weight as well as maize yield. And the yield in Jingdan 28 increased by 398.3kg/hm2 with 774.2kg/hm2 density of Xianyu 335. Furthermore, positive correlation was found between activities of SOD, POD(r=0.660*), CAT, chlorophyll content and yield, while negative correlation was observed in MDA content and yield(r=-0.810**). Thus, we conclude that ECK can slow maize leaf aging and oxidation.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 164-169,181. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0164
The aim of this study was to study effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP)+2,4-epibrassinolide(EBR) or salylic acid (SA) on the germination of seeds, activities of antioxidative enzymes,MDA and soluble sugar in the leaves of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Tiantai No.16 and Yuyu No.18) seedlings under salt stress. After the seeds were soaked in one or two exogenous substances, especially in SNP +500mg/L EBR or SNP+200mg/L SA solution, their germination vigots were improved by 24%/22% (TT16) and 43%/40% (YY18) respectively, and germination percentage were increased by 15%/13%(TT16) and 16%/13%(YY18), respectively with higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and 109%/435%(TT16) and 119%/403%(YY18) higher soluble sugar in leaves under salt stress, while the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 70% /66%(TT16) and 66%/68%(YY18) as compared to control. It was suggested that SNP +EBR or SNP+SA could promote the seed germination and seedlings growth of maize exposed to salt stress through increasing seedlings' scanvenging ability of reactive oxgen species and accumulating soluble sugar.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 170-175. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0170
The relieving effect of AM on cotton seedling growth under salt stress was studied. The seedling were cultured for 30d under three treatments of control (H2O), salt stress group(0.5% NaCl), AM group((0.5% NaCl and 12g/L AM) . Roots appearance was compared and proteins was extracted from roots. Changes of roots protein was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Stronger main roots and more lateral roots were observed under AM treatment , which showed AM could inhibit the effect of salt stress on cotton seedling. By scanning gel picture of three treatments, significant changes of four protein spots were found. Less expression of these four proteins measured in salt stress group,but the expression recovered by AM treatment. It was identified that one protein (S1 )was phosphoglucomutase, and the other protein (S2) was isoflavone reductase –like. Three new proteins were found only in AM group, which may relate to the increasing salt tolerance of crop.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 176-181. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0176
Plot experiments were performed to study the effects of spraying different forms of silicon on growth, yield and quality of celery in solar green house. Results showed that both inorganic silicon (ISi) and organic silicon (OSi) applied by spraying on leaves could promote celery growth, and regulate its absorption of N, P and K nutritents at different growing stages. At the harvest stage, compared to control treatment (CK), plant height, stem diameter, the chlorophyl and soluble sugar content in celery leaves were increased by 6.33%~9.22%, 10.93%~14.50%, 6.64%~9.26% and 10.36%~13.12% respectively. The N content in celery leaves was decreased by 2.90%~6.35%. The P content of OSi treatment was enhanced by 41.39%. The K content was increased by 18.23%~77.65%. The single plant weight and yield were promoted by 11.36%~17.64% and 12.61%~17.52%, respectively, after using silicon fertilizer. At the same time, the Vc content was increased by 24.82%~61.19% and the nitrate content was decreased by 3.60%~15.62%. Results demonstrated that silicon application to a certain extent could improve the quality of celery.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 182-185. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0182
The media, moisture and illumination on culture of Cordyceps militaris in box were investigated in this paper. Results showed that fruit bodies with high yield and quality could be obtained using culture media of 300g rice and 450ml of nutrient solution per box at the incubation condition of 85% relative humidity(RH) and 500lx illumination.
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J4. 2012, 26(1): 186-191. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2012.01.0186
With the increasing of soil pollution and degradation, it becomes more important to research and apply soil amendments in agriculture. This paper reviewed different kinds of soil amendments and their impacts on phytostabilization and phytoextraction techniques, and summarized the application of soil amendments in the radio-contaminated soils as well as their effects on the phytoremediation. The main repair mechanisms of the soil amendments are involved in adsorption,ion exchange, chelation, and complexation. The potential applications in the phytoremediation on radio-contaminated soils, as well as the main repair mechanisms and the existing problems were discussed.
