20 February 1996, Volume 10 Issue 01
    

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  • Zhang Mingxian;LuoRongting(The Institute for utilization of Atomic Energy, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021)Shi De(The Plant Protection Institute, Zhejiang Acedemy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021)
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    Rice mutant R917 with resistance to rice blast was selected by induced mutation with irra-diation, The F2 segregation of R917/NF6,XS11,XS861 crosses with resistance to rice blastZB15 ,ZC13,ZE3 showed that the rice blast resistance is controlled by one dominant gene. Theidentification of the disease resistance tor the progenies of R917 crosses with XS11, XS861showed that R917 could be used as a good material for resistance to rice blast in rice breeding.

  • Shu Qingyao; Liu Guifu;Xia Yingwu(Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou 310029)
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    Studies on the leaf color appearance of 4 chlorophyll-deficient mutation lines both infield and in phytotron were carried out.The mutation lines were induced by 60 Co gammarays,and showed that white or yellow leaves at seedling stage were quite different from theirparent 2177S,a thermal sensitive genic male sterile line and any other rice materials.Thetemperature had great influence on the expression of leaf color at seedling stage in the muta-tion lines. The leaf color was white at 30~35℃ for the lines W4 and W11.The chlorophyllcontent of 1.5-leaf-age seedlings was 0.0219 and 0.0536mg/g FW respectively for W4 andW11 at 35℃,When the temperature dropped to 20~25℃,the seedlings showed yellow or yel-lowish and the chlorophyll content reached to 0.2410 and 0.3431mg/gFW at 25℃,respec-tively.However,the responses to temperature for W17 and W25 were just the opposite. Theywere white at 20~25 ℃,but appeared greenish at 30~35℃, The chlorophyll content in-creased from 0.0813 and 0.0172mg/g FW at 25℃ to 1.0570 and 1.1367mg/g FW at 35℃ forthe lines W17 and W25,respectively.The parent line 2177S showed normal green and thechlorophyll content was between 2.108 and 2.118mg/g FW,The W11 is exception, whichshowed yellow to light green in lifetin1e,and all the mutation lines could convert to normalgreen after the extension of the fourth leaf. The chlorophyll content of 3.5-leaf-age W4 andW17 seedlings grown under 25℃ reached to 2.2190 and 1.993mg/g FW, which was about 86.6%and 81.1%of that of 2177S at the same stage.When grown at the temperature bellow20℃,W25 maintained white and could not changed into green after the 4th leaf extension,and showed a conditional lethal status.

  • Zeng Xianyin;Guo Dazhi(Isotope Rescarch Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University,Yaan 625014)Shi Xingwen(Dairy Farm of Sichuan Agricultural University,Yaan 625014)
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    A sensitive enzyme immunoassay(EIA)for determination of progesterone in whole mllkusing a second antibody technique was developed in this study.The microtitration plates usedin the assay were first coated with sheep anti-rabbit IgG and incuhated at 4℃ overnight.Theimmunoreaction was performed by incubating a mixture of 2μl of milk sample(diluted to 20μlwith assay buffer),50μl of enzyme labelled progesterone and 50μl of antibody against pro-gesterone. The standard curve was sensitive in the range of 0.2pg/well~12.5pg/well,corre-sponding to 0.1ng/ml~6.25ng/ml.The detecting limit of the assay is 0.15pg/well and themild-point relative binding(50%relative binding)is at 0.92 pg/well. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4. 68%and 11.10% respectively. Recovery of the assayis 92.67±10.79%. Milk samples from dairy cows were tested by running parallel RIA andEIA. A good correation (r= 0.97,n=4.8,P<0.001 ) was obtained and the estimated valueswere similar in both techniques.The results show the EIA developed in this study not onlyprovides very reliable assay,with a sensitivity 80 times higher than the RIA previously vali-dated in the laboratory,but also reduces the amount of valuable antibody and enzyme label incomparlson to direct coating.

  • Hu Baomin;Zhang Tianzhen;Pan Jiaju(Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)
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    Biological and cytological effects on the F1 upland cotton developed by irradiated ma-ture pollen grains used as father were studied. The results indicated that irradiating maturepollen grains decreased the rates of emergence and survival seedlings,and prolonged the daysof seedling emergence. The change of number and construction of chromosome in F1 plantsobvlously increaed with the increase of irradiation dose.The primary and tertiary monosomecould be effectively induced by irradiating the mature pollen grains,and primary monosomeand trisome could be easily separated from the progenies of tertlary monosome.

  • Bai Lingyu; Ma Yuzhu;Hua Luo;Wei Dongpu(Institute of Application of Atomic energy, CAAS,Beijing 100094)
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    The changes in activities of ascorbate oxidase,polyphenol oxidase,catalase and zymo-gram of peroxidase isoenzyme,esterase isoenzyme in pak-choi seedlings induced by low-dose ̄(60)Co-γrays irradiation were studied.The results indlcated that the activities of ascorbate oxi-dase and polyphenol oxidase were enhanced.Zymogram of peroxidase isoenzyme and esteraseisoenzyme also ckanged.And the effect of ̄ 60Co-γ ray on catalase was different.All thesecbanges indlcated the possibility of enhancing plant resistance, promoting growth and raisingthe yield of pak-choi.

  • Yang Zongqu;Wang Bonan;Li Xuzhao;Gu Chongde(Isotope Institute,Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052)Zhang Hezhen(Henan Agricultural Univarsity, Zhengzhou 450002)Zhou Jichun(Henan Institute of Drug Control,Zhengzhou 450003)
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    The growth rate and enzyme activities significantly decreased when dikaryotic hypha ofPleurotus ostreatus were irradiated with γ-rays and subsequently treated with either caffeineor Na2-EDTA in comparison with γ-rays treatment alone. The inhibition effect of treatmentwith either caffeine or Na2-EDTA before irradiation was more obvious than that after irradi-ation. Treatment with either caffeine or Na_2-EDTA could cause biological damages on hyphawhen the concentrations of caffeine and Na_2-EDTA were up to 0.5 and 1.0mg/ml respective-ly.It is suggested that either caffeine or Na_2-EDTA be used to suppress the repair of radia-tion damage in order to increase mutation efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus and that 0. 2mg/ml caffeine and 0.5mg/ml Na_2-EDTA might be the proper concentrations of treatment bothbefore and after irradition. The effect of caffeine is better than that of Na_2-EDTA.

  • Liu Houcheng; Guan Peicong; Chen Riyuan(Department of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642)
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    Photosynthate translocation and distribution were studied by feeding 14CO2 on differentleaf position during vegetative and reproductive periods in asparagus bean , cv. Jinsui andNew-green. Radioactivity were measured in different organs after leaves being labelled 24hours. The results showed that photosynthate export rate was lower(54. 85%)during vegeta-tive period and it was higher (average 88. 74%)during reprodctive period and increased withthe rise of leaf position. Photosynthates were translated to both upper and lower organs dur-ing vegetatlve perlod,more!han 95%of photosynthate was transported to stem and leaf.During reproductive period,photosynthates of leaf on upper,middle,lower leaf positionwere transported to each organ,mainly to pod, few to others. Photosynthate was mainlytransported to nearby pods.Distribution of photosynthate was mainly controlled by poddingcondition and development of pods.

  • Yu Fengyi;Zhang Ping;Zhou Hongjie(Institute for Application of Atomic Energy, CAAS, Beijing 100094)Li Xiaoyun; Wang Ruifang(Agronomy Deprartment.Beijing Agricultural University , Beijing 100094)
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    A study on distribution of  ̄14C-assimilate from functional leaves in kernel of maize atfilling stage was carried out. The results indicated that distribution of  ̄14C-photosyntheticproducts in kernel of each row of ear is uniform when half leaf fed with  ̄14CO2. The contentof 14C-assimilate in half ear was higher and in another ear lower, showing so called “half-side distribution”of  ̄14C-assimilate in ear. When half leaf fed with  ̄14CO2 and another halfleaf cut,the “half-side distribution”of  ̄14C-assimilate in kernel of maize ear still existed.

  • ZhangXinwei;LiuFeng;YeShuya; ZhuHongbin;YeChengxin(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Hefei 230031)
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    The nitrogen absorption of mixed application of straw and urea by rice was studied byusing 15N isotope tracing technique. The results show that the sole application of straw wouldresult in biological immobilization of available soil N. The insufficient N supply was the lim-iting factor for rice tiller and spikelets development.Mixed use of straw and urea obviouslyimproved nitrogen supply from both rertilizer and soil,which in turn, promoted the yield ofgrowing rice and jncreased the soil rertility and productivity of later crop.

  • Zhou Lingyun(Institute of Soil Science. Alademia Sinica,Nanjing,210008)
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    Concerning with applied nitrogen fertilizer,the uptake as well as loss of nitrogen ismainly related to soil water content. The effects of soil water condition in wheat field on theuptake, leach and loss of nitrogen fertilizer were studied in this paper using 15N tracing tech-nique. The results showed that within certain range of soil water supply, from 180 to 360mmof available water storage, the loss of nitrogen was in direct proportlon to the amount of fer-tilizer application and the nitrogen use efficlency decreased with the increase of nitrogen ap-plication. In other words, the nitrogen use efficiency descended with the nitrogen applicationinreased in an order of 75 kgN/ha , 150 kgN/ha,225 kgN/ha. One interesting result wasthat the nitrogen use efficiencies ranged from 17.9%to 30.5%for the treatments receivingthe same appllcation rate of 75 kgN/ha.

  • Xu Minggang;ZhangYiping; Liu Weining(Department of Soil Science and Agrerhemistry, Northwestern Agricultural University,Yangling 712100)
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    Diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in four type textural soils at various water contentunder different temperature were measured by the diffusion-cell method using36Cl labelledNaCl solution, The results showed that the diffusion coefficient(D)in the soil increased butthe activation energy decreased with increasing soil water content, which indicated that theforce to be overcome during the diffusion was lower at higher soil water content. The D valuedecreased with increasing soil water tension(S).The relation could be descilbed by the pow-er equation in the form of D=sS-b, The D value increased with increasing temperature, andincreasing temperature 10℃ from 5℃ to 45℃ caused the D value increased by 10%~30%with average of nearly 20%. The relationship between D value and soil water content as wellas temperature could be described by the nonlinear regression equation. Moreover,it wasfound that the D value increased with increasing clay content of soil under same water ten-sion,in general,the correlation between D and clay content was significantly positlve.