20 December 2004, Volume 18 Issue 06
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 411-415. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0411
Protoplasts were prepared from young leaves and callus derived from young leaves of Fuji haploid shoots in vitro. Protoplast callus was recovered under different culture protocols and bud regeneration was accomplished from the protoplast callus. The results suggested that callus derived from the young leaves was suitable materials for preparation of protoplasts and 4.3×106 protoplasts were obtained from 1 g callus. Among 3 different culture protocols, protoplasts embedded in sodium alginate bead have the highest FPE of 1.5%, regeneration rate was up to 8.8%. The regeneration rate was significantly increased when Arg was added in the differentiation medium.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 416-419. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0416
g of dried seeds from each of rice restorer lines Ce48, Ce49, Ce64, and Minghui 77 were treated by 300Gy 60Co γ-irradiation. Seven male sterile plants were obtained from the M-2 population. Genetic observation indicated that the male sterility was controlled genetically by single recessive gene. Diallel crosses and test results showed that the seven mutants belong to 4 non-alleles which control the performance of male sterilities, they were mutants of Ce64ms, Minghui77ms-1, Minghui77ms-2 and Ce48ms-1.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 420-422. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0420
Fuhui 306, an early rice restorer with strong restoring ability, short growth period (86 days) and no restriction of separating areas in seed production, was bred by radiation treatment. F 1 hybrid combinations with different mature period were developed when cross with different sterile lines, those combination would be widely applied to meet the requirement of different ecological environment and harvest period.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 423-426+419. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0423
Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f.sp. echinochloae (HGE), the Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) potential biocontrol fungus was induced by nitrosoguanidine(NTG,C 2H 5N 5O 3). The high yield of conidia production of inducing strain I 262 was obtained. Conidia production of I 262 increased 52.6% compared with its original fungus HGE. The experiments of nuclear irradiation were conducted by using I 262 as starting strain. I 262 was irradiated for 57 minutes by 60Co γ-rays at the dose of 650Gy. Among selecting mutants, there are 7.75% strains' conidia production higher than that of I 262. Among them, conidia production of mutants FⅡ 121、FⅡ 116 and FⅡ 140 increased 54.4%,51.5% and 41.7% compared with that of I 262, respectively. Conidia yield of mutants FⅡ 121 and FⅡ 116 were doubled compared with their original fungus HGE when using chemical in combine with physical technologies to treat the barnyardgrass' pathogen. The pathogenicity and control efficacy to barnyardgrass of high yield conidia production mutants were as the same as their original fungus HGE.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 427-430. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0427
The inheritance of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of Shan 2A(Brassica napus L), were studied in F-2 population. The results of the floral traits suggested that the ratio of the lengths of pistil to stamen could be used to distinguish fertile from sterile plant. The 3∶1 segregation ratio of fertile to sterile in F 2 population indicates that there is only one dominant fertility-restoring gene which contributes to the regenesis of the fertility of Brassica napus L. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked with the fertility-restoring gene of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Shan 2A. Totally 105 random 10-mer primers ware screened for both the DNA samples of fertile and sterile bulks. Six primers produced repeatable and differential polymorphic bands between the paired bulks. The differential main bands produced by primers S 62 and S 74 could be the DNA sequence which links the restoring gene.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 431-434+419. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0431
Self-pollinated seeds of 7 small-flowered chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium Tzvel.) cultivars were treated with 15Gy dose of 60Co γ-ray. Some characteristics of M 1 plants, including stem height, inflorescence diameter, flower color, florescence, etc.were studied, and a batch of plants with the stem height of less than 30cm were acquired. The results showed that the mean stem height of M 1 plants decreased obviously; inflorescence diameter had a wider variation compared with that of parental plants; whether florescence was postponed or promoted was contingent on cultivars; flower color was subject to mutation, and 44.9% and 48.3% M 1 plants from yellow- and red-flower cultivars inherited parental flower color, respectively; the mutation spectra of flower color were wide in all plants except for the plants of red flower.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 435-437+442. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0435
The effects of gamma irradiation on Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of were investigated in the current paper, using embryonic calli derived from the mature seeds of Japanese lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.). The result indicated that the GUS transient expression rates were enhanced with the increasing doses when treated by doses lower than 4Gy, however it would be decreased when treated by doses higher than 4Gy. Based on the survival rate and GUS transient expression rate, 2Gy is the optimal dose for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Further observation found that 36 hours reculture after gamma irradiation is the most appropriate for Agrobacterium infection.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 438-442. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0438
The contents and deposite forms of phytic acid and its physiological functions were summarized.The researcheson the molecular genetic basis and possible mechanisms of low phytic acid mutations were reviewed,and the future perspectives were discussed.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 443-447. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0443
Radiation breeding of ornamental plants, including inducing mutation methods,souts of material,dosage and mechanism of irradiation is summed.The problems and direction in radiation breeding of ornamental plants are also discussed.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 448-452+422. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0448
Advance of selection of salt-tolerant variants from plants in vitro were reviewed in this paper. The achievements in selection of materials and variants ,origin of variation,identify of variants were summerized and some unsolved problems were discussed.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 453-456. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0453
This paper summarized the research status of chemical mutation breeding on zygophase of crop, analyzed the characters, application and problems of this breeding technique.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 457-461. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0457
The contents of carbohydrates (total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, starch, lignin and cellulose), protein and activities of some enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) in swollen stem, which is used as a vegetable in Chinese kitchen, of gausun (Zizania latifolia L.) were measured during stem swelling. The results showed that the stem weight increased rapidly at early phase, then both weight and volume of the swollen stem rose at later phase. The contents of sugar and reducing sugar increased during the early stage, then decreased. The sucrose content also increased during stem swelling, then kept a stable level. The contents of lignin and cellulose declined with stem swelling, they started to rise after reached the lowest level. An increase in protein was observed at early swelling stage, then decreased, while starch level rose during stem swelling. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase declined continuously during stem swelling. However, peroxidase activity increased slowly at earlier swelling stage, and rapid rise occurred afterwards. The possible correlation between these biochemical changes and the formation of the swollen stem were discussed.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 462-464+422. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0462
Protein nutrient value evaluation of mutant strain J 5 fruitbody Agaricus bazei Murrill by 60Co γ-irradiation was studied.The results showed its total content of amiro acids Agaricus bazei murrill was 48.20%; chemical score 58.10; amino acids score 88.60; necessary amino acids index 89.94; biologic value 86.29; nutrient index 29.15.All the index above were higher than that in original strain J 1, but the ratio score of amino acids of J 5 fruitbody (39.48) was lower than strain J 1. These results indicated that nutrient value of protein in J 5 was higher than in J 1.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 465-467+488. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0465
Protein nutritional values of Agaricus bazei Murrill mutant J 3 and original strain J 1 were compared by non-biological evaluation methods The results showed that five protein indexes in the fruitbodies of M 1 and M 6 generations of Agaricus bazei Murrill mutant J 3 were higher than that of original strain J 1; four protein indexes in M 4 and M 5 generations were higher than that of original strain J 1; and six protein indexes in M 2 and M 3 generations were higher than that of original strain J 1. It was concluded that the protein nutritional values of Agaricus bazei Murrill mutant J 3 was better than that of original strain J 1. Except the ratio scores of amino acids had little change in the different generations, The other indexes in strain J 3 Agaricus bazei Murrill showed that the heredity efficiencies of the proteins was rather stable.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 468-473. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0468
maize inbred lines with different capabilities in drought resistance were evaluated for phosphate and H 2O assimilations and their relationships to drought resistance under water-stressed with tracer of 32P and 3H. The results show that the assimilated 32P and 3H declined significantly under water-stress in comparison with the control. The amounts of assimilated 32P and 3H were different among the lines with a trend of less decrease in the drought-resistant lines. The differences may be used as one of the indexes for identifying drought resistibility. Assimilations of 32P and 3H at the seedling stage (PEG induced) were the most indexes for evaluation of maize drought resistance; The maize drought resistance could be identified effectively at the seedling stage with tracer of 32P and 3H. A new effective early indoor method for evaluation of maize drought resistance was put forward.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 474-479. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0474
Six plant varieties of the Amaranthaceae grown for 42 days in a nutrient solution were treated with different 134Cs activities. Plants were harvested 7 days after treatment and analyzed for 134Cs activities. The results show that there is a difference in plant tissue dry weight and maximum weight among varieties, and that there exist great differences in plant uptake of 134Cs applied to the nutrient solution between and within the plant varieties, depending on the initial 134Cs activity. The leaves of all varieties accumulated much more 134Cs than other plant organs as shown by the radiographic images. Bioaccumulation coefficients varied for different varieties with different treatments of 134Cs. Although A. cruentus L. with high biomass, high density of roots, and high growth rate had a lower activity of 134Cs than the other five species, which had comparatively low biomass, low density of roots, and low growth rate, its mean total activities of 134Cs removed in shoots was higher, providing a high removal rate. It is also found that there is a weak correlation between K concentration and 134Cs distribution in the leaves of all six-plant varieties.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 480-484. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0480
Metabolism dynamics of metallothionein by piglet was studied by method of 125I labeling metallothionein( 125I-MT) affused through mouth. The results showed that the concentration of 125I-MT was maximum(0.058mCi) in blood at 9h after perfusion,but 125I was maximum(0.098mCi) at 1h after perfusion 125I with the control. After affuse 7h 125I-MT could be observed from feces in 125I-MT group and reached the peak at 30h(0.097mCi). The excretion of 125I-MT from feces focus on 28～31h after affuse. The amount of excretion from feces was 7.91% of the total amount of perfusion,significantly higher than 125I group (P<0.01). 1h after affuse, 125I-MT could be observed in urine and the concentration of 125I-MT was maximum 24h after affuse. The excretion of 125I-MT from urine was 21.45% of the total perfusion amount, significantly lower than 125I group(P<0.05). The radioactivity of 125I-MT in organ was in order of: large intestine>stomach>small intestine>skin>kidney>lung>liver>heart>muscle>bone. The residue in organ was 4.61% of the total perfusion.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 485-488. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0485
A competitive radioimmunoassay(RIA) method was established to detect carbofuran in water samples. Compared with traditional analytical methods RIA provided a easy procedure with higher sensitivity. The detective limitation of RIA for carbofuran was proved to be 0.175ng/ml. A study was performed to test validation of the RIA. In this study carbofuran residues in water samples were detected simultaneously by RIA and by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The linear correlation coefficient of the test results was measure to be 0.9985.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 489-490+422. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0489
The effects of acetycholine on 14C-assimilates translocation are studied with source-channel-sink of Isatis tinctoria L.The experiments show that 0.01mmol/L treatments of acetycholine on the phloem, can improve the output of 14C-assimilates in leaves indicating that acetycholine enhances the activity of phloem transport.
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J4. 2004, 18(06): 491-494. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2004.06.0491
In general, conservative tillage can reduce pesticide loss from surface runoff and increase pesticide leaching, comparing to conventional tillage. Three effective mechanisms are analyzed in this paper: increasing the contents of the organic matter and moisture in soil will affect pesticide adsorption characteristics; improving infiltration will increase pesticide leaching; enhancing the efficiency of water and soil conservation will reduce surface runoff and pesticide loss.
