10 January 2022, Volume 36 Issue 1
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0001
As one of the major food crops of the world, rice is susceptible to major pests such as stem borers, rice planthoppers, rice weevil, that cause the reduction of yield. In order to improve the insect resistance of water-saving and drought resistant rice, Huahui No.1 (TT51) was used as Cry1Ab/Ac gene donor to cross with Hanhui No.3, a water-saving and drought-resistance rice restorer line. The target gene was screened by molecular marker assisted selection (MAS) technology, and BC3F4 homozygous and stable lines were obtained. Through qualitative and quantitative detection of Cry1Ab/Ac protein, combined with field agronomic traits and insect resistance observation, a new insect resistant restorer line Hanhui 3T was selected. The results showed that compared with the control Hanhui No.3, Hanhui 3T had similar agronomic traits, but obvious resistance to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The hybrid plants of Huhan 5A/Hanhui 3T were also highly resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, while the control hybrid plants of Huhan 5A/Hanhui No.3 were damaged by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The results of this study provide a material foundation for breeding new insect resistance rice varieties with water saving and drought resistance.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 7-13. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0007
In order to create and develop new sweet sorghum germplasms, sweet sorghum inbred line Tian 94 was used as donor material, and the seeds were mutated with ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) by soaking. The results showed that with the semi-lethality rate as the selection criterion, the optimized concentration and time of EMS treatment was 0.20%/16h; 18 materials were obtained in M5 generation by observation, identification and screening generation after generation, which were obviously different from the control in these traits such as growth period, plant height, sugar content, and so on. Among the 18 germplasms, there were 2 early maturing materials, 4 materials having high sugar content, 6 dwarf materials, 3 materials showing white grain, and 3 materials showed scattered panicle; These five type mutants were selected for, results showed that the sugar, moisture and crude fat content of these materials were all higher than those of the control. The results of this study provide new germplasms and basic materials for the genetic improvement and functional gene research of sweet sorghum, and also provide reference for mutation breeding of sweet sorghum with EMS.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 14-23. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0014
The cloned rice blast resistance genes, Pi9、Pib、Pi5、Pita、Pi2、Pikh、Pikm and Pigm, which showed broad-spectrum blast resistance in different rice growing regions, and had been widely used in rice breeding for blast resistance. In order to determine the distribution and resistance performance of rice blast resistance genes in japonica rice in the Yangtze River Delta, 52 japonica rice germplasms were tested by using the functional markers of the above 8 disease resistance genes. At the same time, the spore mixtures of representative strains of rice blast, 2019-746, 2019-587, 2019-924, 2019-16-3, 2019-522 and 2019-863 in Jiangsu province in 2019, were used to identify the resistance of the tested germplasms. The results showed that Pib and Pita, which had higher distribution frequencies of 78.85% and 50.00% respectively in the tested germplasms, and the distribution frequencies of other genes were 38.46%(Pikh), 34.62%(Pi9), 23.08%(Pikm), 21.15%(Pi2)and 5.77%(Pi5), respectively. Pigm gene was not carried in all the tested germplasms. The results suggested that the tested germplasms with disease-resistant genes Pita, Pi5, Pi2 and Pikm showed a high proportion of disease resistance. Pita, Pi5, Pi2 and Pikm can be used as the main genes to improve rice blast resistance in future.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the utilization of rice blast resistance genes in the Yangtze River Delta.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 24-33. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0024
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important disease in chrysanthemum production. In order to clarify the pathogen species, varietal resistance differences and effective fungicides of chrysanthemum S. sclerotinia, the pathogen was isolated and cultured by tissue isolation method, and identified by morphological, biological and molecular studies, then 33 cultivars of cut chrysanthemum and 7 fungicides were screened. The results showed that the pathogen isolated from the infected plants could infect chrysanthemum again, and the strain isolated again was the same as the original strain. The pathogen was identified as S. sclerotiorum by morphological analysis, infection characteristics and sequence analysis. The results showed that the growth of pathogen on YEPD medium was the fastest; the growth was the best at 20~30℃; the pathogen could grow faster at pH 5~7; there was no strict requirement for the type of carbon source; and the growth was better when peptone was used as nitrogen source. A total of 33 chrysanthemum materials were screened, and no immune and disease resistant varieties were found, including 6 moderately resistant varieties, 13 moderately susceptible varieties and 14 susceptible varieties. In addition, the difference between in vitro and in vivo inoculation was not significant. Flutolanil and trifloxystrobin had very good inhibitory effect on S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 of 0.09 mg·L-1 and 0.65 mg·L-1, respectively. In addition, spraying fungicides after inoculation showed that the control effect of flutolanil and trifloxystrobin reached 98.26% and 90.93% respectively, which was significantly better than other fungicides. In this study, the basic methods of identification, screening and control of chrysanthemum S. sclerotiorum were established, which laid a foundation for the subsequent resistance breeding and variety improvement of chrysanthemum.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0034
The cassava root color is one of the important traits to attract consumers. Root color is mainly determined by the Phytone Synthase 2 in cassava. In order to determine the color of flesh cassava root efficiently, a single nucleotide amplified polymorphic (SNAP) marker was developed based on the mutation of PSY2-572 in PSY2, which can be used to detect the flesh color of cassava root quickly. The genotypes of Xinxuan 048 inbred population and 62 breeding intermediate materials identified by the PSY2-SNAP were consistent with the phenotype we observed. If the PSY-F1/PSY-R primer pair could amplify a 388 bp PCR product, the cassava root would be white flesh, if the PSY-F2/PSY-R primer pair could amplify a 388 bp PCR product, the cassava root would be dark yellow, if both of PSY-F1/PSY-R and PSY-F2/PSY-R primer pairs could amplify 388 bp PCR product, the cassava would be yellow flesh. In addition, the genotypes of 45 edible lines in the natural cassava nursery were identified by PSY2-SNAP, and some new yellow-color cassava germplasms were found. In summary, the PSY2-SNAP developed in this study is a valuable color molecular marker of cassava root in breeding, which can lay a theoretical foundation for molecular marker assisted selection of cassava.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0042
In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and enrich the resource bank of biocontrol strains, during the isolation of Chinese cabbage Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an antagonism strain was found and named as DG1. In this study, the strain DG1 was identified based on morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics detection and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The inhibitory effect of DG1 fermentation broth and volatile substances on Chinese cabbage S.sclerotiorum was studied by measuring the colony diameter. The inhibition bands width of 4 phytopathogenic fungi against DG1 was determined by the plate confrontation method. The biocontrol effect of DG1 on Chinese cabbage S. sclerotium was determined by the inoculation experiment of detached leaves. The results showed that the antagonist DG1 was Paenibacillus kribbensis. Both the fermentation broth and volatile substances of DG1 could inhibit the growth of Chinese cabbage S. sclerotium. The strain DG1 had inhibitory effect on 4 plant pathogenic fungi, and the inhibition zone ranged from 3 mm to 9.5 mm.The strain DG1 fermentation broth could effectively protect the detached Chinese cabbage leaves from the infection of S.sclerotiorum and make the lesions significantly smaller. This study provided potential antagonism strain for the biological control of S. sclerotiorum and other crop diseases.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0050
S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of methyl donors in biochemical reactions, and plays an important role in plant stress response. In order to identify the effect of wild soybean GsSAMS gene on rice salt-alkaline tolerance, an overexpression vector of the GsSAMS gene was generated based on the USER cloning technology, and GsSAMS transgenic rice lines were obtained by using the recombinant Agrobacterium infecting rice callus, and identified by PCR and RT-PCR assays. By comparing the phenotype, survival rates, POD and CAT activity of the wild type and GsSAMS transgenic lines under salt-alkaline stress, we found that the GsSAMS-OX lines displayed significantly higher salt-alkaline tolerance than the wild type. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the transcript levels of OsM6PR1, OsNAC5 and OsPOX1 were significantly higher in the transgenic lines than those in the wild type after salt-alkaline treatment. These results indicated that GsSAMS could enhance the salt-alkaline tolerance of transgenic rice by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes POD and CAT and enhancing the expressions of related genes. The new salt-alkaline rice lines obtained in this study are of great significance for the development and utilization of salt-alkaline land.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 57-65. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0057
The objective of this study was carried out to study the expression differences of E-cadherin in different parts of the oviduct at different reproduction cycles of yak, and to provide some important theoretical foundations for understanding the effect of E-cadherin on it's reproductive performance. The samples of the tubal umbrella, ampulla, and isthmus of female yaks (3~6 years old) with no clinical pathological manifestations during follicular, luteal and pregnant phases were collected, the different reproduction cycles of yak are divided into 9 groups according to the umbrella, ampulla and isthmus. Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western-blotting were used to detect the expression of E-cadherin gene and protein. The expression of E-cadherin protein was localized by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that during follicular phase,the expression of E-cadherin gene and protein in the ampulla of the oviduct was significantly higher than that in the umbrella and isthmus. During luteal phase, the expression of E-cadherin gene and protein in the isthmus of the oviduct was significantly higher than that in the umbrella and ampulla. During pregnant phase, the expression of E-cadherin gene in the ampulla of the oviduct was significantly higher than that in the umbrella and isthmus, and the expression of E-cadherin protein in the ampulla of the oviduct was significantly higher than that in the umbrella In the oviduct umbrella, the expression of E-cadherin gene in the luteal phase was significantly higher than that in the follicular phase and the pregnant phase, and the expression of E-cadherin protein in the follicular phase was significantly higher than that in the luteal phase and the pregnant phase. In the oviduct ampulla, the expression of E-cadherin gene and protein in the pregnant phase was significantly higher than that in the follicular phase and luteal phase. In the oviduct isthmus, the expression of E-cadherin gene and protein in the luteal phase was significantly higher than that in the follicular phase and pregnant phase. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that E-cadherin protein was positively expressed in ciliated cells, secretory cells, basal cells, muscular layers and serous glands of the oviduct umbrella, ampulla and isthmus. The results suggested that E-cadherin in different parts of the oviduct at reproduction cycles of the yak was located, and the expression of E-cadherin gene and protein was significantly different, which may be involved in a series of reproductive processes such as the growth and maturation of oocytes, sperm storage and capacitation, fertilization and early embryonic development of yak, and provided basic information for further clarifying of the biological effect of E-cadherin on yak's reproductive performance.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 66-74. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0066
Cooking characteristics and sensory eating quality of rice are important evaluation indexes of rice quality, and the genetic basis for these traits are complex. To explore and utilize the excellent rice quality genes, a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL), derived from a cross between indica Changhui 121 (as the recurrent parent) and high-quality japonica Koshihikari (as the donor parent), was used to analyse QTL for water absorption(WA), elongation (CRE) and volume expansion(VE) of cooked rice. Four QTL were detected on chromosomes 8 and 11. The phenotypic contribution rate and additive effect value of qWA-8, qCRE-8, qCRE-11 and qVE-11 were 25.05%, 25.94%, 27.95%, 41.16% and -25.68, -8.00, 8.30, 30.31, respectively. Among them, qCRE-11 and qVE-11 located near the molecular marker RM287 on chromosome 11 were newly identified QTL. Correlation analysis between cooking characteristics and sensory eating quality traits of rice showed that there was no correlation between them. Cooking characteristics WA, CRE and VE were significantly positively correlated, and significant positive correlations were also found among appearance (AP), aroma (ARM), taste (TA), texture (TE) and sensory score (SS)of rice. The results would provide a theoretical basis for understanding the relationship between rice cooking characteristics and sensory food quality, exploring excellent alleles and genetic improvement of rice quality.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 75-82. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0075
In order to study the correlation between the accumulations of main steviol glycosides (SGs) and the expressions of the key genes that are involved in their biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana, three cultivars (Pusaike3, Zhongshan2, and Tongxin) were selected as materials. The upper three layer leaves were harvested at 3 growth stages, including the young seedling stage, vegetative stage, and flower budding stage. The contents of 9 SGs, such as rebaudioside A, B, C, D, E, F (RA, RB, RC, RD, RE, RF), stevioside (ST), rubusoside (RBS), dulcoside A (DA), were test by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the expression levels of 3 key genes encoding uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), SrUGT91D2e, SrUGT74G1 and SrUGT76G1, were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the contents of the sweet SGs, RA was the highest at vegetative stage (1.60 mg·g-1), and RD was the highest at flower budding stage (1.58 mg·g-1) in Pusaike3; the contents of bitter SGs, St (0.50 mg·g-1), RC (0.26 mg·g-1) and DA (0.01 mg·g-1) were significant lower in Pusaike3 than those in Zhongshan 2 or Tongxin, thus Pusaike3 was considered as a candidate cultivar for high yield of sweet SGs. The correlation analysis between the contents of SGs and the expressions levels of the key genes involved in their biosynthesis showed that the contents of sweet SGs, RD and RA were remarkably correlated with the expression levels of SrUGT91D2e and SrUGT76G1, while the contents of bitter SGs, RC, ST, DA were remarkably correlated with the expression level of SrUGT74G1. This research provides a scientific basis for Stevia rebaudiana breeding and suitable harvest time selection.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0083
Hunan province is located in a transitional zone of tea evolution, where tea germplasms resources are abundant. These germplasm have not only significantly different botanical characteristics, but also varied tea suitability, adaptability, cold tolerance, and etc. However, there were insufficient analyses on the component differences of tea resources in Hunan province. In order to further explore the differences in functional component of Hunan local tea germplasm, and provide the basis for mining and utilizing these tea resources. The metabolites of Chenbu Dongcha (CBDC), Jianghua Kucha (JHKC), Rucheng Baimaocha (RCBM), and Anhua population (AHQT) in Hunan province were detected using UPLC-MS/MS (with the cultivated landrace AHQT as the control group) and identified using mass spectrometry database. A total of 609 metabolites were detected in the 4 populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the metabolites among the 4 populations were significantly different. The metabolites of AHQT population had the highest similarity to that of CBDC population, and the lowest to that of RCBM populations. With AHQT population as the reference, a total of 302 differential metabolites were detected based on the OPLS-DA model, mainly including amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Among which fifty common differential metabolites were detected in the 3 populations; they were mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids. There were 52, 37, and 66 unique differential metabolites that were detected in CBDC, JHKC, and RCBM, respectively. Except for some reported differential metabolism, we also detected some less concerned differential metabolites in tea research. These differential metabolisms will provide an important reference for tea germplasm excavation and breeding.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 94-104. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0094
In order to assess the effect of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides (SPS) on the growth and induced resistance of kiwifruit and unravel the regulation mechanism, leaf morphology and structure, physiological and proteomic analysis were carried out with the variety Hongyang. Our results showed that compared with the control, the area, thickness and chlorophyll content of its leaves increased after treatment with SPS. The cross section of blade showed that the palisade tissue and spongy tissue were closely arranged and thickened after being sprayed with SPS. Under high temperature stress, the chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm ratio, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity of the treated leaves increased significantly. A total of 326 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified by label-free quantitative proteomics, including 166 up-regulated proteins (up-regulated by 1.5-fold and P<0.05) and 160 down-regulated proteins (down-regulated by 1.5-fold and P <0.05). Gene ontology annotation revealed that SPS dramatically changed the levels of proteins related to chloroplast, stress response and redox and the pathways involved in photosynthesis, hormone signaling and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. S. rugosoannulata polysaccharides may improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote the growth of kiwifruit leaves via regulating the expression of proteins related to photosynthesis. The regulation on stress response and redox related proteins indicated that SPS may have a potential role in inducing system resistance of kiwifruit. Our results provide new resources and a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of polysaccharide resistance inducers.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0105
In order to explore the feasibility of mineral elements and stable isotopes in the identification of grape origin, representative samples from 4 different producing areas in Pujiang and Zhejiang (Cixi, Wenling), Shanghai and Anhui was collected. Mineral element content and stable isotope ratio of grape samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and elemental analyzer-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), and the origin identification were discussed by chemometrics. The results showed that the δ13C、δ2H and δ18O in Pujiang grape were significantly different from Anhui grape, while not significantly different from other producing areas in Zhejiang and Shanghai. At the same time, there was no significant difference in Al, Na, Mo, V and Sr between other one or two producing areas, whereas the other mineral elements are significantly different in each producing area.The origin discrimination model of Pujiang grape was established by PLS-DA, in which the discrimination accuracy of Pujiang grape reached 100% and the overall discrimination accuracy reached 75%. The results of this study provide reference methods and research ideas for discriminating grape producing areas on a small spatial scale.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 114-120. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0114
To study the inhibition effect of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) on Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) under different conditions, the effect of BITC (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg·L-1) on growth rate and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production of A. flavus under different water activity (aw) (0.995, 0.980, 0.960 and 0.930) at 28℃ based on peanuts and corn media, respectively. The presence of BITC affected growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus, and this effect depended on the dose, matrix and aw. Increased concentration of BITC and decreased aw significantly enhanced the inhibitory activity of BITC. BITC significantly inhibited the growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus, and the inhibition effect was proportional to its dose, except for peanut media with aw of 0.995. When aw was 0.930, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of BITC for the peanut and corn media were the lowest. This study provides theoretical support for further development of antifungal products based on BITC.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 121-128. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0121
sRNA SaaS (Salmonella adhesion associated sRNA) is a new type of regulatory factor recently screened in meat-borne Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Entertidis NCM 61). This study compared the adhesion response of the wild and the SaaS mutant strains and analyzed the extracellular metabolites of the two strains to reveal the specific function and possible mechanism of sRNA SaaS. The results showed that the effect of sRNA SaaS on the adhesion of S. Enteritidis was temperature-dependent. At 37℃, SaaS could inhibit biofilm formation on stainless steel, glass and polypropylene surfaces, and the inhibitory effect was particularly obvious on polypropylene surface. Further analysis realized by widely-targeted metabolomics revealed that sRNA SaaS might inhibit the biofilm formation of S. Enteritidis in terms of the number of bacterial cells and the production of extracellular polymer substances. The results of this study may help to improve the theoretical system of biofilm and provide novel insight for the development of new control technologies for biofilm.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 129-135. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0129
In order to describe the contamination characteristics of tetracycline-resistant (TETr) bacteria on the surface of commercially available bulk soft-boiled (BSB) chickens, and to evaluate the migration potential of antibiotic-resistance (AR) genes, 25 samples of ready-to-eat BSB chicken were collected from 25 delis in 4 Districts of Shanghai. Then TETr bacteria were counted by serial dilution method, and six tetracycline resistance genes, included tet A, tet B, tet C, tet D, tet J and tet M, as well as an integrase gene int Ⅰ were quantitatively analyzed by Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). At last, the genus, multi-drug resistance, and the potential horizontal transmission of AR genes of 13 TETr isolates were analyzed by 16S rDNA identification, disk diffusion and natural transformation respectively. The results showed that, TETr bacteria were detected in all the chicken samples with levels of (7.07×101~1.67×108) CFU·g-1, which accounted for 1.01% to 100% of the total numbers of cultivable bacteria. Meanwhile, the relative copy numbers of tet and int Ⅰ genes ranged from 10-4 to 10-2. Furthermore, 13 TETrisolates collected from the chicken samples, included four Bacillus, three Moraxella, two Aeromonas, one Streptococcus pneumonia; one Acinetobacter, one Lactococcus lactis subsp. and one Shewanella, were all resistant to at least two antibiotics. At last, TETr phenotype was migrated from two strains of Moraxella and one strain of Acinetobacter to E. coli J53 with the conjugative transformation frequencies of 10-6, 10-2and 10-2 respectively. In conclusion, there is potential high level of TETr bacteria contamination on the surface of commercially available ready-to-eat BSB chicken, and the risk of horizontal migration of AR genes to heterogeneous bacteria is existed. This study provides method reference and data support for monitoring and risk assessment of antibiotic resistant bacteria in soft-boiled chicken products.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 136-142. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0136
To investigate the cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetyl ated derivatives, the individual and combined cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON) and the derivatives(3a-DON and 15a-DON) on Raw264.7 cells were studied in vitro. Raw264.7 cells was treated with different concentration of DON、3a-DON and 15a-DON with different concentration gradients (0.090, 0.180, 0.375, 0.750, 1.500, 3.000 μg·mL-1) acting alone and in binary or ternary combination. The changes of cell activity, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. The IC50 values of DON、3a-DON and 15 a-DON on Raw264.7 cells were 0.275 4、1.806 0、0.267 1 μg·mL-1, respectively. The concentration of reactive oxygen species and the permeability of mitochondrial membrane were increased after the individual and combined action of toxin. The binary and ternary combined toxic effects of DON、3a-DON and 15 a-DON t on Raw264.7 cells were synergistic. As a result, the synergistic effect should be considered in evaluating the risk of DON and its acetylated derivatives.
-
Effects of Yeast Selenium and Jujube Powder Diet on Post-Mortem Oxidation and Amino Acids of ChickenJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 143-153. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0143
In order to study the effects of yeast Selenium and Jujube powder on protein oxidation and amino acid composition of white feathered broiler (AA) during maturation, six treatments on ASS were carried out for 42 days by combining content of yeast selenium and jujube powder (CK, basal diet; J, basal diet +8% jujube powder to replace 8% corn; 0.3S, basal diet+0.3 mg·kg-1 yeast selenium; 0.6S, basal diet+0.6 mg·kg-1 yeast selenium;0.3S+J, basal diet+0.3 mg·kg-1 yeast selenium+8% jujube powder to replace 8% corn; 0.6S+J, basal diet+0.6 mg·kg-1 yeast selenium+8% jujube powder to replace 8% corn). The variation of indexes including carbonyl content, sulfhydryl content, disulfide bond content, dimeric tyrosine content, surface hydrophobicity, and amino acid content were analyzed with five different aging duration times (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). The results showed that the content of carbonyl group, disulfide bond, dimeric tyrosine, and surface hydrophobicity increased with a longer aging time (P<0.05), while the content of sulfhydryl group and total amino acid decreased gradually (P<0.05). Compared with CK treatment, white feathered broilers fed with Selenium yeast and jujube powder can reduce the oxidation degree of protein of chicken breast. In addition, there was a positive effect to inhibit the oxidation of protein and decrease of amino acids in 0.6S+J treatment, among which the content of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, alanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and proline was significantly higher than other treatments. In conclusion, the oxidation of protein and loss of amino acids were exacerbated during aging, which could be inhibited by the addition of yeast selenium and Jujube powder in the diet. The best result was detected in the 0.6S+J treatment. The results of this study would provide a valuable theoretical basis and data support for the application of selenium yeast and jujube powder in diet.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 154-162. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0154
To investigate the bacterial diversity of the traditional fermented yak milk in the Gannan area of Gansu province, the V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA from 13 fermented yak milks were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the bacterial flora diversity of traditional fermented yak milks in Gannan, Gansu Province. The results showed that 720 221 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences were generated and four different bacterial phyla and four different bacterial genera were identified. Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, Lactobacillus was the high abundance genus, and yak yogurt from different sources showed different abundance at the phylum level. PICRUSt analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing data of each sample revealed that the basic predicted function accounted for 11.76% of all genes. This study can build a basis for the protection and utilization of microbial resources in the traditional fermented yak milk in Gannan, Gansu.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 163-173. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0163
The improvement of the flavour and quality of sardine protein hydrolysates fermented with Lodderomyces elongisporus was studied. The flavour profiles of the products under different fermentation conditions were analyzed with electronic nose combined with principal component analysis (PCA).The fermentation conditions was optimized using one-factor-at-a-time and in orthogonal design method according to the results of descriptive sensory analysis and the content of amino acid nitrogen. The free amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of essential amino acids of fermented products were evaluated. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was employed to analyze the volatile compounds at different fermentation stages. The results showed that PCA distinguished the flavour profiles of the products under different fermentation conditions and the optimal conditions was 40℃, pH 5.0 and a fermentation period of 12 d for the best flavour quality. The content of amino acid nitrogen, free amino acids, umami amino acids and essential amino acids were 8.417 mg·mL-1, 7.872 g·100 g-1, 3.727 g·100 g-1 and 3.082 g·100g-1 respectively under the optimal conditions. And the essential amino acids index(EAAI) was 65.76. According to the results of GC-IMS, with the fermentation process, the undesirable flavor substances such as saturated linear aldehydes gradually decreased or disappeared and the fragrance substances like unsaturated alcohols and ketones increased significantly at 12 d. This study demonstrated the crucial roles of yeast fermentation for high quality sardine seasoning base.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 174-182. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0174
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are rod-like nanomaterials extracted from natural plant fibers, with a length of several hundred nanometers and a width of 5~50 nm. Because it is natural green, biodegradable, biocompatible with high specific surface area and great reactivity, CNC has been widely investigated by researchers. In this review, the preparation and modification methods of CNC are summarized, and the characterization methods of CNC are also introduced. Furthermore, the applications of CNC materials in biomedicine, photoelectric energy, environmental protection, food and other fields are also summarized, and its future development trend is prospected. This review may provide theoretical references for the development and utilization of cellulose nanocrystals.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 183-189. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0183
In order to explore effect of straw strip mulching on yield increase of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), straw strip mulching (M) and open field without mulching (CK) were used to study the effect of straw strip mulching 59%(M3), 50% (M4), 40% (M5) and 37% (M6) on spikelet abortion rate, internode length and plant height, grain filling rate and yield of wheat. The results showed that the spikelet seed setting rate and plant height increased by 0.2% ~ 3.3% and 1.7% ~ 5.3% in straw strip mulching compared to CK. Except for the lower coverage of the M6, straw strip mulching significantly reduced the rate of spikelet abortion. The straw strip mulching increased the grain filling rate and prolonged the grain filling duration in the middle and late stage of wheat. Compared with CK, the straw strip mulching increased the grain filling rate at the fast and slow growth stages by 11.8% and 154.5%, respectively, and the grain weight of CK tended to be stable at 42 d after anthesis, while the straw strip mulching still increased slowly. The yield of different straw strip mulching increased by -0.8% ~ 6.2%, and M3 obtained the highest yield, which was mainly due to the significant increase in ear number. The results of this study can provide reference for the cultivation techniques of the high and stable yield of dryland wheat.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 190-200. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0190
In order to explore the effects of grass cultivation on soil microbial community structure and functional characteristics, the study took Nanfeng tangerine as the research object and was conducted with four treatments: sod culture with white clover (Trifolium repens), sod culture with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), sod culture with natural grass and clear tillage as control. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing were employed to examine the structure and functional characteristics of soil microbial community under different treatments. The results showed that grass cultivation was beneficial to increase the supply of soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and improved the soil fertility. The ACE index of bacterial community increased significantly in sod culture with ryegrass and white clover. The Chao1 index and Simpson index of fungal community increased significantly in sod culture with ryegrass. The above results indicated that artificial grass cultivation could increase the richness and diversity of microbial community, compared with natural grass and clear tillage. A total of 24 bacterial phyla and 9 fungal phyla were obtained from four soil samples under different grass treatments, of which the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (30.94% ~ 55.06%), Acidobacteria (19.07% ~ 33.14%), Chloroflexi (7.54% ~ 13.54%) and Actinobacteria (6.81% ~ 13.41%) and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota (44.94% ~ 87.00%), Basidiomycota (5.12% ~ 12.99%) and Mortierellomycota (0.65% ~ 13.46%). The principal coordinates analysis showed that differences between groups of bacterial and fungal communities were much greater than those within groups. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter, available phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content and pH had greater impact on bacterial community structure, while organic matter, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, available potassium and total nitrogen content had greater impact on fungal community structure. In conclusion, sod culture with ryegrass and white clover not only improved the nutrient supply of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also increased the richness and diversity of microbial community, optimized the community structure of soil bacterial and fungal, promoted the sustainable development of Nanfeng tangerine industry.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 201-209. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0201
In order to deal with the problem of continuous decrease of melon yield which caused by the deterioration of soil, the companion planting experiment was carried out with green onion and melon. Based on traditional soil agro-chemistry, soil enzyme analysis and modern high-throughput sequencing technology analysis, the effects of companion planting on the rhizosphere soil agro-chemistry, soil enzymes, and soil bacterial community structure were studied. The results showed that the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the companion planting melon was lower than that of the monocropping treatment, but the difference was not significant, and the Shannon index of the companion planting treatment was significantly higher than that of the monocropping treatment, indicating that the companion planting reduced the number of rhizosphere soil bacteria but increased significantly the diversity of bacterial community structure, with the percentage of 35.73%; the analysis of bacterial structure showed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the companion planting treatment the dominant bacteria in the companion planting treatment was Sphingomonas, and it takes account for 11.90%. The analysis of soil agro-chemistry and soil enzymes showed that the pH value and organic matter content in the rhizosphere soil of the companion planting treatment were higher than those of monocropping, and the content of available phosphorus was significantly higher than monocropping; the activities of soil enzymes such as urease, invertase and laccase were all significantly higher than monocropping. Spearman correlation analysis showed that pH, available potassium, invertase, urease, laccase and soil bacteria colony were significantly or extremely significantly correlated. Except for the soluble solids, the fruit firmness, fruit weight, yield per plant and yield per mu of melon after companion planting were significantly higher than those of monocropping of melon. Therefore, the companion planting of green onions changed the physicochemical properties of melon rhizosphere soil. This study can provide a theoretical basis for improving soil ecological environment, and provides advanced ideas for the sustainable development of melon production.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 210-218. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0210
To investigate the effects of rootstock Artemisia annua and Artemisia sieversianae for grafting chrysanthemums and to expand the combinations of rootstocks and scions for chrysanthemum grafting, garden chrysanthemums Zhongshan Fenyun and Zhongshan Zichen were used as scions and A. annua and A. sieversianae were used as rootstocks. Then the effects of grafting with four rootstocks and scions combinations on survival and morbidity, growth characteristics (crown width, crown circumference, stem thickness of rootstock, maximum root length, scion dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, and root/shoot) and flowering statuses (total number of flowers per plant, fresh weight per flower, dry weight per flower, flower diameter and flowering period) were compared. The results showed that A. annua as rootstock for grafting garden chrysanthemums was better than A. sieversianae in graft survival rate and plant disease resistance, growth characteristics such as crown width, crown circumference, maximum root length, scion dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, and root/shoot, as well as flowering statuses such as the total number of flowers per plant, fresh weight per flower and dry weight per flower, and A. annua was more suitable than A. sieversianae as rootstock for grafting garden chrysanthemums. The rootstocks and scions combinations of the variety Zhongshan Zichen and two Artemisia species, especially Artemisia annua, had a clear advantage in terms of the biomass of grafted plants, flower number, and flowering duration. The effects of the combination of A. annua and A. sieversianae with two garden chrysanthemum rootstocks on growth and flowering were clarified, to provide a reference for the study of rootstock interaction in chrysanthemum grafting and the cultivation of garden chrysanthemum grafting forms and their application in the landscape.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 219-225. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0219
In the present study, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on physiology and melatonin metabolism of mustard sprouts was investigated. The main physiological and biochemical changes of mustard sprouts during germination were analyzed by spraying SA and using distilled water as control. The changes in the gene expression of melatonin key synthetic enzymes were studied by fluorescence quantitative PCR technology. The results showed that SA treatment inhibited the growth of sprouts, resulted in a significant decrease in biomass and a significant increase in electrolyte permeability, free protein content, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and melatonin content (P<0.05). The content of melatonin in mustard sprouts after 4 days of germination under SA treatment reached 42.75 ng·g-1 FW. Under SA treatment, the expression levels of BjTDC 1, BjTDC 2, BjT5H 1 and BjT5H 2 were all up-regulated with varying degrees, which was consistent with the changing trend of melatonin content, while the expressions of BjSNAT and BjASMT were not correlated with melatonin content. In conclusion, SA treatment of mustard sprouts was an effective way to enrich melatonin. The results of this research provided theoretical basis and technical support for the production of melatonin-rich functional sprouts.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 226-235. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.01.0226
In order to investigate the effects of red far-red light ration on the yield and quality of hydroponic Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum L. in artificial light plant factories, under the condition of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 of photosynthetic effective radiation intensity, white LED was used as CK treatment (R/FR=5.5), and FR1 treatment (R/FR=1.2) and FR2 treatment (R/FR=0.8) were set by adding different intensities of far red light on the basis of CK respectively, and the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics and nutritional quality of plant treated with different light quality combinations were studied. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, the plant heights of FR2 and FR1 treatments were significantly increased by 32.59% and 20.70%, respectively; the leaf area of FR2 and FR1 treatments were significantly increased by 162.68% and 47.33%, respectively; the fresh and dry quality(weight) of the overground part of FR2 treatment were significantly increased by 52.08% and 63.66%, respectively. FR2 and FR1 treatments reduced leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b value and net photosynthetic rate, while improved the ability of plant to use weak light. Low R/FR values had different effects on the quality indicators of plant, and the carotenoids of FR2 and FR1 treatments were significantly reduced by 27.08% and 34.62% compared with CK treatment. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C in the leaves of FR2 treatment were significantly increased by 23.86%, 27.48% and 17.73%, respectively. FR2 and FR1 treatments significantly increased the volatile content of ketones and esters in plant, and both significantly reduced the nitrite content in plant leaves. Setting the R/FR value of 0.8 on the basis of the white LED in the plant factory can effectively improve the yield, vitamin C, soluble sugar and volatile ketones and esters content of hydroponic Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum L. This study is expected to provide theoretical reference for application of far red light in the plant factory.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2022, 36(1): 236-243. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2022.01.0236
In order to investigate the effects of tobacco with different pest-induced resistance on feeding and detoxification physiology of Spodoptera litura, tobacco male sterility K326 was used in this study to observe the feeding selection of S. litura larvae on tobacco induced by Helicoverpa armigera, S. litura and Myzus persica, mechanical treatments(pricking, needling) and untreated tobacco as positive and negative controls. The detoxifying enzymes activities of the following feeder S. litura containing acetylcholinesterase (AchE), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), multifunctional oxidase (MFO) were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the newly hatched larvae of S. litura preferred to eat the positive contrast leaves induced by mechanical pricks and aphids, while the 3rd instar larvae preferred the positive contrast (punch) leaves relative the S. litura. The AchE activity of S. litura was induced after feeding tobacco leaves, the AchE in aphid processing was exhibited the maximum increase, which was 65.17% higher than that in CK at 48 h. Compared with CK, the H. armigera, S. litura and aphid treatments induced CarE, MFO, and GST at 48, 48 and 4 h increased 14.38%, 72.22% and 47.47% respectively. The activities of MFO and GST, CarE, MFO increased at 12 h and 48 h, 48 h, 4 h, respectively, and there was no significant difference compared with CK (P> 0.05). GST activity of S. litura and CarE activity of M. persicae were significantly inhibited at 48 h, only 55.67% and 81.05% of CK. This indicated that different resistant tobaccos of S. litura have different feeding rates. Feeding resistant tobaccos could activate the AchE of S. litura. Other enzyme under different resistance treatments showed specific changes over time. This study can provide ideas and research basis for integrated control of S. litura in tobacco fields.
