10 October 2021, Volume 35 Issue 10
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • LIN Bing, FAN Ronghui, CHEN Yuhua, FANG Nengyan, YE Xiuxian, ZHONG Huaiqin, HUANG Minling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2205-2213. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2205
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    In order to explore distinguishing main characters of mutant obtained by 60Co-γ radiation in Iris hollandica Zhanchi, botanical agronomic traits of 4 stable mutants (5-7CBS, 7-10SLZ, 7-10QLS, 10ZLL) and their wild-type Zhanchi were evaluated, the similarities and differences of the main ornamental traits (flowers) were analyzed and compared according to test guidelines of Bulbous Irises. It was found that mutants and wild type were basically consistent in plant morphology, flowering period and growth period. Among the 40 traits investigated, there were significant differences in the characteristics of five pseudo-qualitative characteristics between mutants and wild type, such as groud color of upper side of blade in outer tepal, color of inner tepal, color of upper side in bridge, color of upper side in crest, and groud color of upper side of claw in outer tepal. Another 35 character were highly similar in corresponding phenotype and values. The results showed that flower color of Iris hollandica has great genetic improvement potetiality with radiation breeding. It is speculated that flower color variation may be an important indicator for distinguishing mutants from wild type. According to the expression state of flower color, variation of flower color can be divided into four types: strengthening type, wild type, weakening type and full variant type. This study can provide basic data and reference for breeding new varieties in Iris hollandica.

  • LYU Jun, JIANG Xiuying, LIU Jun, XIE Wenxiao, HAN Yong, SHEN Feng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2214-2222. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2214
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    Starch is the main component of rice endosperm. The analysis of its physical and chemical properties has great significance for the improvement of rice quality. To study the physicochemical properties of starch in white core rice, the white core mutant xb1 derived from the Japonica rice variety Liaoxing 1 by EMS induction was used as material. The morphological structure, starch granule structure and particle size distribution, gelatinization characteristics and thermodynamic properties of xb1, were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope, laser particle diameter analyzer, RVA rapid viscosity analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that compared to wild type, mutant xb1 displayed significantly lower grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight, and the starch structure and the distribution of starch grain size were changed, and the number of starch granule diameter greater than 13 μm was significantly decreased. Also the protein content in seeds of mutant xb1 was significantly higher than that of wild type, the total starch content was significantly lower than that of wild type, whereas the amylose content showed no significant difference. For amylopectin chains length distribution, the ratio of short chains (DP 6~9) and the ratio of medium and long chains (DP 25~35) in xb1 increased, while the ratio of medium and short chains (DP 10~24) and long chains (DP 36~50) decreased. The starch gelatinization onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp), conclusion temperature (Tc) and gelatinization range (Tr) of mutant xb1 were not significantly changed, whereas the thermal enthalpy (△H) was significantly increased. Meanwhile, among the RVA profile parameters of mutant xb1, hot paste viscosity (HPV), peak past viscosity (CPV), cool past viscosity (CPV) and setback viscosity (SBV) were significantly increased, while breakdown viscosity (BDV) and consistency viscosity (CSV) were significantly decreased. The results of this study will lay a foundation for research on the physiological mechanism of chalkiness formation and further gene cloning.

  • FU Hongbo, WANG Pengfei, XU Dou, MU Xiaopeng, ZHANG Jiancheng, FU Baochun, DU Junjie
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2223-2233. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2223
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    In order to explore the genetic of fruit quality and provide a reference for breeding. In this study, Chinese dwarf cherry Nongda 4, DS-1 and their reciprocal crosses population were selected as the experimental materials to test the mean single fruit weight, stone weight, diameter and length, index of fruit shape, contents of soluble solids, total flavonoid and total phenol, and the antioxidant capacity(DDPH、FRAP、ABTS). The results showed that all the indexes showed normal or partial normal distribution with continuous variation, and were quantitative genetic characters controlled by multiple genes. The coefficient variations of vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, fruit shape index and soluble solid content were all less than 20%, indicating narrow separation and low selection potential, among which the coefficient variation of fruit shape index was the smallest, and the selection potential was the lowest, shown consistent with the oblate shape of most fruits. The coefficient variation of single fruit weight, stone weight, total flavonoid content, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity were all larger than 20%, with wide separation and great selection potential, especially single fruit weight. The single fruit weight, vertical diameter and horizontal diameter were greatly affected by the male parent, and it was easier to select offspring with big fruit when the male parent had big fruits. The fruit shape index was not affected by parents. The soluble solid content and stone weight showed obvious decaying variation, had an inheritance of decreasing tendency. When the female parent had high total flavonoid content, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity, it was more likely to select the superior offspring with high total flavonoid content, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity. Correlation between the phenotypic characteristics and the intrinsic substance content gives an important reference for the preliminary determination of substance content. Principal component analysis extracted the first principal component including ABTS free radical scavenging and total flavonoid content, and the second principal component including the vertical and horizontal diameter. The superior plants with high biological activity, strong antioxidant capacity and large fruit were selected by cluster analysis, which can be used for different breeding objectives and provide a reference for breeding.

  • TAO Peng, ZHAO Yanting, YUE Zhichen, LEI Juanli, LI Biyuan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2234-2240. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2234
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    To clarify the characteristics of mRNA transport of SVP and investigate the mechanism of mRNA transport, head cabbage/Caixin heterograft was constructed in this study. Inflorescence stems from the heterografts and the ungrafted seedlings of Caixin (the control) were performed with transcriptome sequencing. The nine interspecific differential sequences of Caixin (C1-C9) were used for searching in the transcriptome sequencing library of inflorescence stems of the heterografts. Analysis of retrieval value of two adjacent interspecific differential sequences indicated that C7 and C8 had the least deviation and were suitable for the evaluation of mRNA transport. A total of 11 reads were retrieved from the transcriptome sequencing library of the heterografts with G7 and G8. When compared with BoSVP and BrSVP, all reads were originated from BoSVP, confirming that the BoSVP mRNA could be transported from scion to rootstock. The comparison between read number of exogenous BoSVP and endogenous BrSVP in transcriptome sequencing library of the heterografts indicated that the read number of exogenous BoSVP was much less than that of endogenous BrSVP. There was no significant difference in the SVP expression between the inflorescence stems of heterografts and the ungrafted seedlings, indicating that mRNA transport of BoSVP hardly affected the transcriptional expression of SVP in inflorescence stems. In this study, mRNA transport of BoSVP was identified and the effect of BoSVP mRNA transport on the transcriptional expression of SVP in the inflorescence stems of heterografts was analyzed. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of BoSVP mRNA transport in the heterografts.

  • XU Yuanyuan, LI Zhubo, ZHOU Hefang, WANG Jianjun, WANG Zhen, HOU Xilin, LIU Tongkun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2241-2249. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2241
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    To study the expression pattern of BrABF1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage and explore its role in flowering regulation. The BrABF1 gene sequence was obtained by homologous cloning in non-heading Chinese cabbage Suzhou Qing, and amino acid sequence alignment and evolution analysis were performed. The spatial expression of BrABF1 was studied by subcellular localization technology, and the GUS staining method was used to study the expression pattern of BrABF1 in plants. Moreover, using PlantCARE online software was used to predict the cis-acting element of the promoter of BrABF1. In addition, the plant expression vector pEarlyGate101-BrABF1-YFP was constructed to transform Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, the flowering time of wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis plants was compared. The results showed that the BrABF1 gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1104 bp and encodes 367 amino acids. BrABF1 has the closest evolutionary relationship with Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea var. oleracea. BrABF1 is localized in the nucleus. GUS protein driven by the BrABF1 promoter is expressed specifically in the veins of Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, the BrABF1 promoter sequence contains a large number of cis-acting elements, including light response elements, plant hormone response elements, low temperature response elements and stress response elements. The flowering time of transgenic Arabidopsis plants were later than that of wild type, which indicate that BrABF1 could inhibit plants flower. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the commodity value of non-heading cabbage.

  • XU Junxu, LI Qingzhu, LI Ye, YANG Liuyan, ZHANG Yongchun, CAI Youming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2250-2257. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2250
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    In order to study the changes in carbohydrate accumulation during bulb development process in Lycoris radiata, we investigated the changes in carbohydrate content, starch synthesis and metabolic enzyme activity and the expression patterns of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in developing bulbs. The results showed that sucrose content, the activities of sucrose metabolism enzyme SUS and starch synthesis enzymes AGPase, SSS and GBSS were increased, resulting in the acceleration of starch synthesis, which may be positively regulated by several genes such as SUS1, 2, 4, UGPA, AGPS2, AGPL2, SS2, 3, GBSS1 and SBE1, 2, 3. In addition, the activities of starch metabolism enzymes were also enhanced under the regulation of AMY3 and BAMY7, 8, 9 genes, which resulting in the acceleration of starch degradation and the increasement of soluble sugar content in the bulbs. Sugars may be transferred to the developing bulb to provide energy for subsequent development under the control of several sugar transport-related genes. This study revealed the changes of carbohydrate metabolism during bulb development of Lycoris radiata, and identified several genes that may play important roles in this process, which could provide a theoretical basis for accelerating bulb development by molecular biology approaches.

  • YUAN Huitao, ZHANG Yunxia, XIANG Meimei, LUO Mei, DONG Zhangyong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2258-2266. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2258
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    Peanut black rot, caused by Calonectria ilicicola, is one of the most important diseases that causes the greatest reduction in peanut yield worldwide. To understand the resistance and mechanism of peanut varieties to the disease, 128 peanut cultivars were collected and tested for their resistance to peanut black rot disease by artificial inoculation. The results showed that there were 0, 1, 13, 42 and 72 varieties showing immunity, high resistance, medium resistance, medium sensitivity and high sensitivity to peanut black rot respectively, accounting for 0, 0.8, 10.2, 33.7 and 56.3% of the tested peanut varieties. T09 had the lowest disease index of 8, the incidence rate was 36.7%, while the disease index of P562 was the highest wiht 46, and the incidence rate was 100%. Further, the pot experiments of P562, Guihua 35, yunpeanut, AS09 and T09 were carried out by the method of inoculation with oat grains mixed with soil. The results showed that T09 was the most resistant and P562 was the most susceptible, which was consistent with the results of hydroponics method. Two peaks (with 451.09 U·g-1·h-1FW peak value) of PAL appeared at 0.5 d and 5 d after inoculation, respectively. The peak PAL of T09 was earlier than that of P562. The PPO peak of T09 was 271.67 U·g-1·min-1FW at 0.5 d after inoculation, while P562 had 160.02 U·g-1·min-1FW at 1 d after inoculation. The POD of T09 peaked at 0.5 d after inoculation with a maximum value of 239.23 U·g-1·min-1FW, while the P562 peaked at 0.25 d after inoculation with a maximum value of 135.75 U·g-1·min-1FW. The SOD of both cultivars increased after inoculation. The SOD of T09 peaked at 5 d after inoculation with the maximum value of 28.08 U·g-1·h-1FW, while that of P562 was 16.79 U·g-1·h-1FW at 3 d after inoculation. The results of enzyme activity showed that PAL, PPO, POD and SOD may related to peanut disease resistance. This study laid a foundation for the selection of high resistant peanut varieties and the further research about the resistance mechanism to peanut black rot.

  • WANG Bin, WU Chunshuang, HE Jinming, WANG Guang, QU Shanshan, ZHU Shijiang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2267-2276. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2267
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    To investigate the roles of catalase 3 (CsCAT3) gene in pre-storage cold acclimation (PsCA)-induced cold tolerance in harvested cucumber, CsCAT3 was cloned using homologous cloning method, and the basic characteristics was analyzed. Effects of PsCA on CsCAT3 expression, CAT activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were investigated in harvested cucumber. The results showed that the length of open reading frame of CsCAT3 was 1476 bp, which encoded 492 amino acid residues. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of CsCAT3 were 57.01 kDa and 6.84, respectively. It was a hydrophilic protein with no transmembrane domain and distributed in peroxisomes. The nucleotide homology between CsCAT3 and other CAT3 from four model plants were ranged from 69.29 to 71.82 %. The protein homology and conservation of CAT3 among different plant species were very high. PsCA treatment obviously up-regulated the expression of CsCAT3 at gene and protein levels, enhanced the activities of CAT, but reduced the H2O2 levels, suggesting that CsCAT3 played important roles in PsCA-induced chilling tolerance in harvested cucumbers. This study provided basis for understanding the functional roles of CsCAT3 gene in the induction of chilling tolerance in harvest cucumbers.

  • XU Lanjie, YU Yongliang, YANG Hongqi, TAN Zhengwei, DONG Wei, LI Lei, LI Chunming, LIANG Huizhen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2277-2283. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2277
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    In order to understand occurrence regulation of Uroleucon gobonis (U. gobonis) in safflower, and obtain safflower germplasms resistant to U. gobonisand effective chemical insecticide, 167 safflower germplasms as experiment materials were studied in this study. The results showed that safflower was damaged by aphid over an entire growing season, its peak period was from flowering stage to filling stage. 10 safflowey germplasms were expressed high resistibility to U. gobonisat flowering stage, there are Xinjiang Changji, Xinjiang Hutubi, Kenya-xy017, Indian-04, Xinjiang Yili-09, Kenya-xy016, Xinjiang Yili-06, Xinjang Miquan, Xinjiang Yili-08 and Indian-02. The field efficacy experiment showed that control effects of compound insecticide 5 (10% lambda-cyhalothrin +25% imidacloprid wettable powder=1:1) and 6 (25%Thiamethoxam oxazine water dispersible granule +25% imidacloprid wettable powder=1:1) with 3 000 times is all beyond 95%. This paper expounds regularity of U. gobonis, screen safflower germplasm resistant to U. gobonisand effective chemical insecticide, which provide theoretical basis and reference for integrated pest management of U. gobonis.

  • DENG Yuanjie, LI Tong, FENG Kai, LIU Jiexia, XU Zhisheng, TAN Guofei, XIONG Aisheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2284-2293. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2284
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    Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) is a key enzyme in the pathway of strigolactone synthesis. To study the correlation between DcCCD7 expression and content of β-carotene in carrot, the DcCCD7 genes were cloned from Daucus carota cultivars, Hongfuqicun and Tianzi. Sequence analysis showed that DcCCD7 from two cultivars contained an open reading frame of 1869 bp, encoding 622 amino acids. Sequence multiple alignments and evolutionary analysis showed that DcCCD7 had high homology with CCD7 from other species, among which the evolutionary relationship with chrysanthemum CCD7 was the closest. The physicochemical property analysis showed that DcCCD7 was a hydrophilic protein. Predicted tertiary structures of DcCCD7 from Hongfuqicun and Tianzi were composed of 9 α-helix and 30 extended strands. The contents of β-carotene in taproots, petioles and leaf blades of carrot at three different growth stages (45, 75 and 100 d) were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). β-carotene of Hongfuqi was accumulated mainly in roots and leaves and that of Tianzi was accumulated mainly in leaves. The results of quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR) showed that the expression levels of DcCCD7 in leaf blades were significantly higher than that in roots and leaf petioles. The results indicated that the correlation between the expression level of DcCCD7 and the content of β-carotene exhibited tissue and variety specificity, and other factors also affected the content of β-carotene. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the role of DcCCD7 in the degradation of carotenoids.

  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • DAI Dan, ZHENG Jian, ZHOU Chengmin, CHENG Jiyu, DING Lizhong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2294-2304. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2294
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    To evaluate the effects of oxalic acid treatment on the edible quality of bamboo (Bambusa oldhami ) shoots during postharvest, fresh bamboo shoots without sheaths were soaked in a 5 mmol·L-1 oxalic acid solution for 10 min and then stored at (6±1)℃ under 80%-85% relative humidity (RH) for 10 d. Quality parameters and activities of key enzymes and gene expression involved in lignification and browning of bamboo shoots were periodically determined during cold storage to investigate the related mechanism. The results indicated that oxalic acid treatment slowed down the increase rates of flesh firmness and contents of cellulose and lignin, delayed the wound browning, enhanced membrane integrity, reduced respiration,the production rate of superoxide anion ($O_2^{·-}$) and the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It also decreased the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the expression of their encoding genes during cold storage, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)and up-regulated the expression of their encoding genes. It was suggested that these regulation effects of oxalic acid on enzymatic activities and the expression of encoding genes may collectively contribute to the reduction of lignification and browning and consequently benefit the edible quality of bamboo shoots during cold storage. This study provided a theoretical foundation for the application of oxalic acid treatment on bamboo shoots storage.

  • SHEN Qi, Mahebali Tuohutaerhan, CAO Yeqing, LIU Fengjuan, TAO Yongxia, WANG Cheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2305-2310. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2305
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    This study aimed to clarify the distribution characteristics and correlation of 24 mineral elements in different parts of melon. Xinjiang melon was used as the test material to determine 24 mineral elements including as Cu, Ni, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Fe, Al, Zn, B, Mn and Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution characteristics and internal correlation of heavy metals and other mineral elements in melon was analyzed. The results show that, the enrichment of mineral elements in melon skin was greater than that in melon meat. The distribution of heavy metals and trace elements in melon skin and melon meat showed high contents at both ends, and the lower, the closer to the middle. It was similar for the distribution of major elements on the melon peel. However, the content of maior elements at both ends was low, and the content closer to the middle was higher in the melon meat. The thermal diagram results of multivariate correlation analysis showed that Ni had a moderate negative correlation with Mo, Cr and Na, As and Na, and other elements such as V, K and P had a positive correlation with heavy metal elements. Therefore the enrichment of mineral elements was different in different parts of melon, and some elements had synergistic or antagonistic effects with the enrichment of heavy metals. In the future, the enrichment level of heavy metals in melon could be reduced by regulating the related elements to improve the safety of melon.

  • ZHANG Chaohui, ZHANG Guang, YAN Peng, DU Tianyu, ZHAO Cencen, LI Minghui, YAN Xinyue, WANG Zhenhe
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2311-2318. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2311
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    To screen high-efficient and low-residual fungicides for the cultivation of Pleutorus ostreatus, the influence of three fungicide combinations (Sporgon+Carbendazim, Sporgon+Mepartricin, Carbendazim+Mepartricin) on the fungal growth of Fusarium oxysporum and P. ostreatus, and their application effect in the cultivation of P. ostreatus were investigated. The results showed that the EC50 of the three fungicide combinations inhibiting fungal growth of F. oxysporum were 3.67、4.51 and 7.01 mg·L-1, lower than that of single fungicides. The EC50 of the three fungicide combinations inhibiting fungal growth of P. ostreatus were 156.41、121.97 and 237.38 mg·L-1, which are 27~43 folder than that of the EC50 of their inhibition on fungal growth of F. oxysporum. Addition of three fungicide combinations (0.1%~0.3%) above in the fermented compost of P. ostreatus, the effect of fungicide combination (Sporgon+Mepartricin) is better compared to other fungicide combinations, with the fungal growth faster, biological efficiency higher; the contamination rate decreased by 6.1~8.8 percentage points compared to that of the CK; the fungicide residue in the fruiting body of P. ostreatus decreased by 71.8%~76.6% compared to that of Sporgon treatment. To sum, the fungicide combinations could reduce the fungicide residue in the fruiting body of P. ostreatus, and the fungicide combination (Sporgon+Mepartricin) is effective and low residual agent for the control of the wilt disease in the cultivation of P. ostreatus.

  • YANG Xiulan, SHI Qiyu, PENG Junsen, LIU Qinchao, HUANG Shi'an, XU Xingliang, ZHU Shouliang, DONG Xiaoqing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2319-2327. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2319
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    In order to explore the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the control of penicilliosis of postharvest kiwifruit, the inhibition effects of GSE on the control of Penicilliosis in Guichang kiwifruit during storage following treatment with GSE and inoculation with Penicillium expansum were investigated. Parameters monitored included infection incidence, lesion diameter, levels of disease-resistance compounds, and activities of defense-related enzymes. The results revealed that not only the increase of fruit infection incidence with inoculation of Penicillium expansum delayed, but also the expansion of fruit leison diameter could be inhibited by GSE treatment, GSE treatment also significantly enhanced the levels of total phenols and total flavonoids of kiwifruit, and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a signature metabolite of membrane degradation, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and improved the enzymes activities of chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and peroxidase (POD) of kiwifruit. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of kiwifruit was significantly increased in the short term and phenylalanine amonialyase (PAL) activity was dramatically enhanced in the later stage of kiwifruit with inoculation of Penicillium expansum by GSE treatment. The results indicate that GSE treatment was helpful to enhance the resistance of kiwifruit to Penicilliosis through activation of antioxidative defense metabolism, and provide theoretical guidance and technical reference for the biocontrol of kiwifruit penicilliosis.

  • AN Panyu, LI Xiexin, LI Yanmei, LI Wei, ZHANG Miao, LIN Dan
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2328-2340. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2328
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    In order to explore the effect of Maillard reaction conditions on the quality of chicken flavor seasonings, chicken breast meat proteolysis was used as the research material. Fuzzy mathematical sensory evaluation and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) were used to investigate the effects of the four thermal reaction conditions which were the amount, reaction temperature, reaction time and pH value on the sensory quality and volatile flavor compounds (VOCs) of chicken flavor base. The results showed that a chicken flavor base with good sensory properties and good flavor can be obtained using the chicken breast proteolysis solution (pH value 7) added with 3% xylose reacted at 101.1℃ for 86 min. The product has high VOCs abundance. And the flavor similarity with the commercially available canned chicken soup is relatively high. This research provides a experimental reference for the development of low-value chicken products.

  • FAN Lixia, ZHANG Bingchun, CHEN Lu, YUAN Xuexia, SHAO Mingjun, DONG Yanjie, WANG Lei, ZHAO Shancang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2341-2351. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2341
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    To understand the pollution situation and exposure risk of heavy metal to honeysuckle(Lonicera japonica Thunb) and soil from main producing area, the honeysuckle and soil sample were colected from the three main producing areas (Fengqiu county in Henan province, Pingyi county in Shandong province, and Julu county in Hebei province). The contents of 9 elements Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, and Mn in honeysuckle and soil were determined. The distribution and correlation of 9 elements between honeysuckle and its growing soil were analyzed, and the heavy metal pollution of soil ware evaluated by geological accumulation index, potential ecological risk, and health risk assessment. The results indicated that the contents of Cd and Cu in soil were higher than the local soil background, and the contents of other elements were lower than the local soil background. The content of each element did not exceed the risk control value of soil pollution in agricultural land. The enrichment ability of honeysuckle to different elements in soil was different, and the enrichment ability of honeysuckle from different producing areas to the same element was also different. The trend of honeysuckle on the enrichment coefficient of each element in soil was As<Mn<Pb<Cr<Ni<Zn<Hg<Cu<Cd. With the exception of Cd, the other 8 elements Pb, Cr, As, Hg, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Zn did not pollute the soil in the main producing areas of honeysuckle. The ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil from the main honeysuckle producing area was generally at a low risk level. The health risk of heavy metals from honeysuckle soil entering human body through oral ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation was low. This study provides a research basis for the healthy development of the honeysuckle industry.

  • ZHANG Xin, YAN Yuwen, ZHU Yingchun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2352-2360. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2352
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    In order to investigate the effects of ultra-high pressure treatment(UHP) on the quality of low-salt emulsified beef sausage was investigated in this study. Low-salt emulsified beef sausage (salt content 1.4%) was used as the research object, and C1 group (salt content 2.8%) and C2 group (salt content 1.4%) without UHP were as the control. The effect of different ultra-high pressure (UHP, 100, 200, 300, 400 MPa) on the sensory quality, physical and chemical indexes and microbial indexes of low-salt emulsified sausage was studied. The results show that UHP reduced the total viable counts (TVC) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) values, which were significantly lower than those of C1 and C2 groups when the pressure was ≥200 MPa (P<0.05). The cooking loss first decreased and then increased with the increase of pressure. The cooking loss under 100 and 200 MPa was the lowest with 3.00% and 3.97%, respectively, which were both significantly lower than C2 group (P<0.05). The hardness, springiness, chewiness and cohesiveness of low-salt emulsified sausage increased after UHP treatment compared with group C2, and UHP treatment also increased the saltiness score of the product, and improved the juiciness, overall flavor and overall acceptability. UHP promoted lipid oxidation and the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was the highest when the pressure was 300 MPa, The nitrite content was not affected by UHP and consistent with the requirement of nitrite residue in meat products. This study showed that UHP could improve the quality characteristics of low-salt emulsified beef sausages. This study provides technical support and theoretical basis for the development of low-salt meat products.

  • LU Fangzhou, ZHANG Shijing, DAI Yafeng, DONG Lanying, LU Yao, LI Jifu, GUO Xiaohui, WANG Zengli
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2361-2368. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2361
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    In order to solve the shortage of Dendrobium officinale resources in north China, the Dendrobium officinale introduced to Beijing and the same variety of Dendrobium officinale from Anhui Province were used as materials to determine the changes of water content and main bioctive components (polysaccharides, alkaloids, total phenols and flavones) in one year. The results showed that the highest content of polysaccharides, alkaloids, total phenols and flavonoids in Beijing Dendrobium officinale were 491.75, 0.28, 22.45 and 29.13 mg·g-1 in August, May, October and February, respectively. The peak time of the above bioactive components in Anhui was in September, April, August and January with 509.20, 0.28, 26.61 and 28.91 mg·g-1, respectively. After the introduction, the main bioactive components of Dendrobium officinale from Beijing were basically preserved, indicating the feasibility of Dendrobium officinale in Northern China. It is suggested that the best picking time of Dendrobium officinale in Beijing should be in August and that in Anhui should be in September if the polysaccharide content was used as the main judgment basis. The results of this study provided data support for the introduction and collection of Dendrobium officinale in northern China and were of great value for the expansion of Dendrobium officinale planting scale.

  • LI Yutong, WU Zufang, WENG Peifang, CHEN Gong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2369-2376. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2369
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    In order to increase the viable bacteria population, total phenol content and total flavonoids content of Huyou juice fermentation, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen on the fermentation process of Huyou juice and the condensability of bacterial cells were investigated using Lactobacillus plantarum L1 and Lactobacillus fermentum L2 as the fermentation strain. The fermentation amplification in 10 L fenmenter was further studied. Results showed that pH and dissolved oxygen volume affected the viable bacteria population, total phenol content and total flavonoids content in Huyou juice fermentation and the lactic acid bacteria had self-coagulation ability. The maximum population of viable bacteria reached 2.86×1010 CFU·mL-1, and the maximum contents of total phenols and total flavonoids reached 268 and 752 μg·mL-1 when combined the pH control fermentation with stiring speed at 100 r·min-1 in 10 L fermenter. Those ralues were 47%, 12% and 13% higher than static fermentation in 10 L fermenter.The results provide research basis for the large-scale production of healthy Huyou juice fermented by lactic acid bacteria.

  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology and Environment·Physiology
  • LUO Peiwen, ZHANG Sufen, ZHANG Hanxue, HU Cheng, YU Zhiyang, LI Qinkan, CHAI Lihong, YE Qingfu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2377-2384. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2377
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    In order to clarify the distribution of Dufulin in animals and evaluating the safety and dietary risk of it, the white laying hens were selected to study excretion and tissue distribution of Dufulin after oral administration, using [thiazyl-2-14C]-Dufulin as a tracer. The results showed as follows: the excretion level of 14C-Dufulin was high. The excretion of 14C-Dufulin within 24 h was 82.04% after 1 d administration, and the cumulative excretion of 14C-Dufulin after 7 d of oral administration was 82.24%. The total radioactive residue of 14C-Dufulin in tissues was 3.81% of applied amount. The percentage in the stomach was 2.14%, which was relatively highest of all the tissues. The 14C concentration was below 0.01% of applied amount in the lung, kidney, fat and pancreas. Dietary exposure assessment showed that there was no dietary risk in the tissues mentioned above. The 14C concentration in eggs, muscle, heart, brain, spleen and ovary was not observed. The distribution of Dufulin in animals is first reported in this paper and it provides experimental data for the safety evaluation of Dufulin in poultry.

  • ZHANG Licheng, LI Juan, ZHANG Mingqing, YAO Jianzu, WANG Huangping
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2385-2393. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2385
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    To overcome the obstacle of continuously cropping vegetables, and proposes optimized rotation and fertilization measures with high and stable yields, the study focused on the change from continuous paddy fields to vegetable fields with three cropping rotations in a year, and four different fertilization and crop rotation patterns were used to carry out the location test for 7 continuous years. On the basis of actual yield of each season of each year, the index of sustainability and the long-term trend of years were discussed, and the method for quantitatively evaluating crop-yield stability under different fertilization and rotation patterns and proposes optimized rotation and fertilization measures with high and stable yields were also explored. The results indicated the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation combined with the recommended fertilization showed that the average yields of kidney beans and leaf mustard were significantly higher than the vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation combined with conventional fertilization or with the recommended fertilization, and compared with the yield vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation combined with conventional fertilization, that of the vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation was nonsignificant. The average yield of the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation increased by 13.6% compared with that of the vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotation, and the average yield with the recommended fertilization increased by 6.2% compared with that with conventional fertilization; in addition, the former was significantly higher than the latter. For the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation combined with the recommended fertilization, the index of sustainable yield of kidney beans, leaf mustard and rice were 0.794, 0.572 and 0.851, respectively, which were significantly higher than those the other three patterns. The two production measures of the rice field and upland field rotation and recommended fertilization were beneficial to the improvement in the crop sustainability yield index in the vegetable field. The TPGM (1,1) gray prediction model that provided yield results for the seven-year positioning experiment had the best-fitting effect, and the average fitting error of 12 prediction models was 8.8%, essentially meeting the accuracy requirements of yield prediction. The TPGM (1,1) model showed that the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation combined with the recommended fertilization ranked first in trend yield for the annual triple-cropping system. Therefore, from the indicators of yield average value, sustainable yield index and trend yield sort to synthetic evaluation, the vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation combined with the recommended fertilization resulted in high yields and stability, which was the best tillage pattern for vegetable fields in the location of the study.

  • HAN Depeng, LYU Weisheng, CHEN Ming, HUANG Tianbao, XIAO Xiaojun, LI Yazhen, XIAO Fuliang, ZHENG Wei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2394-2403. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2394
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    In order to clarify the appropriate amount of boron(B) fertilizer for red soil cultivated land under the condition of simultaneous sowing of fertilizer and rapeseeds, an experiment with different amounts of B fertilizer was carried out in dry land and paddy field. To study its effects on the emergence, growth, development, absorption and utilization of B fertilizer, grain yield and quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), set four treatments of B fertilizer application: 0 (T1, CK), 4.5 (T2), 9.0 (T3) and 13.5 kg·hm-2 (T4). Results showed that, the increase of B fertilizer on the cultivated land of red soil could shorten the flowering period of rape by 9~20 days and the whole growth period by 2~11 days. The effective B content of red soil was seriously lacking, and increasing application of B fertilizer could significantly increase rapeseed biomass and yield. The appropriate amount of B fertilizer could increase the yield by increasing the mature plant rate, the number of pods per plant and the number of seed per pod. When the B application rate was 9.0 kg·hm-2, rapeseed yield reached the best level of 2 131.6 kg·hm-2, and the yield increased by 336.1%. The B absorption and the B content in each organ increased with the increase of B application during the harvest period. When the B application was 13.5 kg·hm-2, both the B absorption and the B content in each organ reached the maximum. The utilization rate of B fertilizer decreased with the increase of B application. The lower the soil basic effective B content, the greater the contribution rate of B fertilizer, and the better the effect of B application in increasing yield. When the B application rate was 9.0 kg·hm-2, the oil content and oil production of rapeseed reached the best level. Compared with the control, the oil content increased by 6.7 percentage points, and the oil production reached 996.4 kg·hm-2, which increased with the control 401.5%. Considering the factors such as rapeseed yield, oil content, B fertilizer utilization rate and oil production, the recommended application rate of B fertilizer in red soil dryland was 9.0 kg·hm-2, and the application rate could be appropriately increased in paddy fields, but not more than 13.5 kg·hm-2. It provides technical reference and theoretical basis for application of B fertilizer and whole-process mechanized production technology of rapeseed in cultivated land of red soil in Jiangxi province.

  • LI Hao, XU Rui, SHI Huineng, LIU Chunlan, LONG Guangqiang, TIAN Yang, FAN Wei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2404-2412. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2404
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    In order to explore the reasonable fertilization amount and fertilization formula for high-quality and high-efficiency Lepidium meyenii planting, this study used the “3414” random block design to carry out field trials to determine the agronomic traits, yield and quality traits of L. meyenii plants, and fit the fertilizer effect function. Equation combined with quality traits to determine the amount of N, P and K fertilizer. The result showed that the combined application of N, P and K could promote the growth of shoots and roots of L. meyenii, and improve its yield and quality to different degrees. Among them, root agronomic traits, yield, macaenes, glucosinolates and ash of L. meyenii were the highest under the treatment of N2P2K2 (N:P2O5:K2O 8:6:8); N, P and K had significant interaction effect on L. meyenii yield, which showed that N2P2K2 level was conducive to the fertilizer interaction; The highest theoretical yield of L. meyenii was 9 346.95 kg·hm-2 through field plot test. Comprehensive analysis of the three factors of fertilizer, yield and quality showed that the yield and quality of L. meyenii were the best under N2P2K2treatment, indicating that N:P2O5:K2O fertilizer ratio of highest yield was 120.71:92.16:144.22 kg·hm-2, and the highest yield reached 8 577.35 kg·hm-2; N:P2O5:K2O fertilizer ratio of optimum economic yield was 120.58:91.76:143.35 kg·hm-2, and the highest yield reached 8 577.29 kg·hm-2. The results provided a theoretical basis for guiding and standardizing the fertilization technology of L. meyenii.

  • WANG Jin, WEI Saijin, WEI Limei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2413-2422. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2413
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    To explore the feasibility of cultivating rice seedling by a seedling substrate which was inoculated decomposing agent into piled up straw, and to analyse how the decomposition agent promote the growth of rice seeding in terms of ecological mechanism, physical and chemical determination,and the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), was used to analyze the changes of rice seedling quality, substrate mineral composition and microbial diversity in substrat under shallow dish experimental conditions. The result showed that compared with the control, the inoculation of straw fermentation substrate with straw decomposition agent had a significant benefit effect on rice fresh weight, rice plant height, rice false stem width, rice root, morphological indicators; organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus of seedling substrate increased significantly; biomass of bacteria and moulds were increased by 3.61 times and 70.67 times respectively; the number of bacteria involved in the C cycle, S cycle, N cycle, anti-pathogenic bacteria, beneficial bacteria, unknown functional bacteria, and nutritional metabolism were increased by 0.80, 1.33, 4.86, 2.62, 6.27, 3.24 and 2.69 times. The number of functional microorganisms were increased significantly, nitritebacteria, nitrobacteria, anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, silicate bacteria, nitrobabteria and aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria were increased about 136.50, 17.61, 8.26, 5.65, 3.99, 2.63 times. The study showed that the straw decomposition agent effectively promoted the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the substrate, changed the microbial community of the original environment and was beneficial to the growth of rice, which provided a scientific basis for the rational use of straw substrate for seedling raising.

  • MA Yilin, WU Guanghai, SHEN Hongtao, WANG Xinzhong, ZHAO Shimin, MA Junhong, WANG Lihua, LIU Ling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2423-2430. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2423
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    In order to investigate the influences of combined application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growth and soil fertility, we used flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongyan101 as test materials and conducted a pot experiment to study the effects of different application ratios of sheep manure and chemical fertilizer(T0: 100% inorganic fertilizer N; T20: 20% sheep manure N+80% inorganic fertilizer N; T40: 40% sheep manure N+60% inorganic fertilizer N; T60: 60% sheep manure N+40% inorganic fertilizer N; T80: 80% sheep manure N+20% inorganic fertilizer N; T100: 100% sheep manure N) on tobacco agronomic characters, root morphological parameters, photosynthetic characteristics, soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities under equal amount of fertilizer application, and non-fertilizer application was set as a control (CK). The results showed that T0 and T20 treatments had higher soil available nutrients and could promote tobacco growth at 30 days after transplanting, but the contents of soil available nutrient and the growth potential of tobacco decreased significantly at 60 days after transplanting, and the content of soil organic matter and the activity of soil sucrase were also lower than that of other treatments at 60 days after transplanting. T80 and T100 treatments had higher soil organic matter content, but the activities of soil protease and urease, the contents of soil available nutrients and the growth of tobacco were lower than that of other treatments at 30 days after transplanting. T40 and T60 treatments had slightly lower soil available nutrients than that of T0 treatment at 30 days after transplanting, but the activities of soil sucrase, protease and urease, as well as the contents of soil available nutrient significantly increased at 60 days after transplanting, and could ensure tobacco growth at both 30 days and 60 days after transplanting. Compared with T0 treatment, T40 and T60 treatments increased the maximum leaf area by 11.9% and 10.7%, the shoot dry weight by 11.9% and 9.6%, the root dry weight by 12.1% and 26.8%, and the net photosynthetic rate by 17.6% and 16.2%, respectively, at 60 days of after transplanting. In general, the 40% and 60% sheep manure N application was more conductive to the growth of tobacco and the maintenance of soil fertility. This study provided a theoretical basis for the scientific application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer in tobacco-growing area of Luoyang.

  • WEN Yue, WANG Zhenhua, LI Wenhao, DING Hongwei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(10): 2431-2439. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.10.2431
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    In order to establish a coupling evaluation model of physiology-yield-quality effects to drip irrigation grapes in extremely arid regions, four irrigation treatments of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) of shoot growth stage, flowering stage, berry growth stage and mature stage, one full irrigation (denoted W1, W2, W3, W4 and CK respectively), and 3 fertilization treatments of N:P2O5:K2O=1:1:1, 2:2:3, 2:1:2 (denoted as F1, F2 and F3 respectively) were carried out in a complete combination design. And then, the physiology, yield and quality indicators of grapes were analyzed, and the membership function and cluster analysis were used to select the best water and fertilizer treatment. The results showed that water and fertilizer treatments had significant effects on the relative moisture content of leaves in different growth periods of drip irrigation grapes. W1F2 could maintain a high level during the main period of fruit growth; improper use of water and fertilizer would seriously reduce the yield and quality of grapes. The yield of CKF2 was the highest, with a value of 28 003 kg·hm-2, and W4F2 had no significant difference with CKF2, while W3F3 was 34.29% lower than CKF2; W4F2 had the highest content of reducing sugars, soluble solids and vitamin C, and W3F3 had the highest titratable acid content. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation among the physiology, yield and quality indexes of drip irrigation grapes. Through the combination of membership function and cluster analysis, fifteen water and fertilizer treatments could be divided into five levels, of which two optimal water and fertilizer treatments were regulated deficit irrigation in the shoot growth period and the berry mature period, and used the fertilization ratio of N-P2O5-K2O=235.7 kg·hm-2-235.7 kg·hm-2-353.6 kg·hm-2. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the coupling evaluation of water and fertilizer effects of drip irrigation on grapes in extremely arid regions.