10 January 2021, Volume 35 Issue 1
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0001To study the 60Co-γ rays mutagenic effects on rhizome of Curcuma longa. The rhizomes of Curcuma longa were irradiated with 60, 70, 80 and 90 Gy of 60Co-γ rays and the field performance of VM1 and VM2 generations were studied. In the VM1, the growth of Curcuma longa was significantly inhibited after irradiated by 60Co-γ rays, and the index of seedling rate, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight of the upper part, and weight of the underground part of the plant were significantly lower than that of CK. The inhibition of irradiation in VM2 still exists, but the inhibition effect was weakening. Appropriate dose of irradiation had a positive effect on three curcumin ingredients of VM2 Curcuma longa. At the 60 Gy dose, curcumin of VM2 Curcuma longa was 30.7% higher than that of CK, and the difference was significant. With the increase of irradiation dose, volatile oil of VM2 Curcuma longa had the tendency of first increasing and then decreasing. The 60Co-γ rays were effective to induce mutations of Curcuma longa the LD50 was 70~80 Gy. This study will provide basis for traditional Chinese medical herb breeding by irradiation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 7-11. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0007Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play important roles in the plant calcium signal transduction. To identify CDPK gene family and analyze their gene functions and evolutionary patterns, a genome-wide analysis was performed using bioinformatics tools in the genome database of Zunla-1. Meanwhile, the genes encoding CDPKs were comparative analyzed in the genome database of CM334. All of 30 CDPK gene family members, named CaCDPK01-CaCDPK30, were identified in Zunla-1 and distributed on 11 chromosomes. Segmental duplication occurred in 6 pairs of CaCDPK genes. CaCDPKs were phylogenetically divided into 4 subgroups, with great difference in structure, and the subgroup Ⅳ was the most conservative. The expressions of CaCDPKs were specific in different tissues and at different fruit ripening stages, and the express patterns of some genes were correlated highly. The CDPK genes in two pepper cultivars were divergence. These results will provide a foundation for further functional research and evolution pattern analysis on CaCDPKs in pepper.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 18-30. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0018BBX transcription factor family participates in photomorphogenesis, flowering, photoperiod regulation and shade avoidance response of plant seedlings, and plays an important role in the growth and development of higher plants. In this study, bioinformatic analysis of the VvBBX gene family members in grape were conducted, including the number, gene structure, promoter, amino acid characteristics, chromosome location and gene evolution. A total of 25 members of BBX family were identified in grape, which are mainly acidic proteins. Subcellular localization showed that there were four putative secretory pathway signal peptides (VvBBX2, VvBBX5, VvBBX7 and VvBBX20), two chloroplast transit peptides (VvBBX23 and VvBBX24), and one mitochondrial targeting peptide (VvBBX1). Chromosome mapping revealed that the 25 VvBBXs were distributed on 11 chromosomes, including 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 18 and 19; the results of phylogenetic evolution analysis divided the VvBBX family into five subfamilies; homology analysis revealed that the BBX protein family members were highly conserved between grape and Arabidopsis thaliana; and their promoter regions contained light-related elements and other cis-acting elements response to hormones, low temperatures, and etc. The expression profiles of the 25 VvBBXs in ten grape tissues at different developmental stages showed that the gene family expressed with spatial-temporal specificity. In addition, the relative expression of grape BBX gene family members varied with different light conditions, which indicated that they had a close relationship with photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis. These results provide an important basis for further functional analysis of BBX gene family in grape.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 31-40. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0031MC1R is one important gene that affects the melanin system in skin pigmentation, and the melanogenesis is also affected by the interaction of molecular signals extracellular and intracellular. To explore the biological characteristics of MC1R in Youzhou dark goat, the cDNA sequence of MC1R form the skin of Youzhou dark goat was amplified and identified using the bioinformatics analysis. The results were as follows: the CDS of Youzhou dark goat MC1R gene is 954 bp in length and encodes 317 amino acids, there was highly homologous of MC1R in Youzhou dark goat with other various species. Its molecular formula was C1603H2565N411O410S22. The encoded protein was a stable hydrophobic protein, including seven transmembrane regions and three functional domains. The primary secondary structure of MC1R was mainly used to compose the α-helix. In addition, a SNP (c.676A>G) has been found in Youzhou dark goat MC1R gene, and resulted in the conversation of lysine to glutamate, which is located in a conserved domain bound by light stimulation and G protein ligand. Meanwhile, the nonsynonymous substitution of amino acids also caused the different of spatial conformation of MC1R. Polymorphism detection showed that the SNP of c.676A >G in the MC1R gene of goats was also found among HeChuan white goats, WuXi white goats, Youzhou white goats and Youzhou dark goats in Chongqing, and the genotype of c.676A>G was not significantly different in the white and black goat populations (P>0.05). The study preliminarily revealed the sequence characteristics and protein structure of MC1R in Youzhou dark goat, and provided theoretical data for the molecular mechanism of the effect of MC1R on skin pigment deposition in Youzhou dark goat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0041In order to control cotton Verticillium wilt better, an endophytic bacterium with obvious resistance to Verticillium dahliae was isolated from the roots of Jimian 11. It was B.amyloliquefaciens 489-2-2 by molecular identification. In this study, 489-2-2 was used to study its'control effect and mechanism on cotton Verticillium wilt. The results showed that B.amyloliquefaciens 489-2-2 could inhibit the growth of Verticillium dahliae Vd080, resulting in abnormal mycelial morphology. The control effect of immersing cotton seeds with the fermentation broth of the strain on Verticillium wilt of cotton was 54.99%, and that of root irrigation was 60.31%. The strain produces defensive enzymes and induces strong immune response in the cotton. The strain colonizes into the root system of cotton seedlings. B.amyloliquefaciens 489-2-2 strain is a potential biocontrol strain for cotton Verticillium wilt. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of B.amyloliquefaciens 489-2-2 strain.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0049In order to study the effect of MYB transcription factor family on the flower color of hawthorn, and to determine whether MYB transcription factors are differentially expressed in bud mutation varieties, the transcriptome were excavated by the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of MYB protein, motif structure prediction, phylogenetic tree analysis, and gene expression analysis. Totally 73 MYB transcription factors were screened, including 35 1R-MYB members, 36 2R-MYB members, and two 3R-MYB members. The length of 1R-MYB proteins sequences are 50-786 amino acids, the length of 2R-MYB proteins sequences are 88-979 amino acids, and only 3 MYB gene family proteins are stable proteins. The Arabidopsis 2R-MYB proteins were used as a reference for phylogenetic tree analysis. The 19 hawthorn R2R3-MYB proteins were classified into 14 subgroups with a certain research basis; the 1R-MYB protein were analyzed separately and were divided into 6 subgroups. Through differential expression analysis, eight MYB transcription factors were found, which may regulate the color of hawthorn. The results of this study provide certain reference data for further research on MYB transcription factors that affect the flower color of hawthorn.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 60-71. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0060The study was aimed at selecting the stable reference genes to ensure the reliability and accuracy in gene expression analysis of Hibiscus esculentus L.. The ORF sequences of 18SrRNA, ACT, EF-1a, TUA, TUB and GAPDH were screened and verified(obtained) from ‘Green White No. 1’ according to the RNA-seq database of Hibiscus esculentus L.. By quartitative real-time technology, combined with GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software analysis, we evaluated the expression stability of six reference genes in different tissue, different development stages of fruit and leaf and different stress treatments (low temperature, high temperature, drought). The results showed that six genes can express in different tissues, development stages and stresses, but the expression stabilities were not the same. Among them,EF-1a was the most stable under pod development and high temperature stress. 18SrRNA was the most stable under various tissue, leaf development and drought stress. ACT was the most stable under low temperature stress. In addition, with all 29 treatments, the expression of 18SrRNA, EF-1a and ACT was relatively stable and can be used for fluorescence quantitative expression analysis. This study provides a basis for the study of gene function and regulation mechanism in Hibiscus esculentus L.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 72-82. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0072In plants, 4-coumanic acid: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) gene is one of the key genes involved in the synthesis of lignin, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites. In order to understand the molecular characteristics and expression patterns of 4CL genes in Phyllostachys edulis, the homologous genes of 4CL family were identified in P. edulis and a comprehensive analysis of gene structure, conserved domain and phylogenetic relationship was conducted using bioinformatics methods, and the gene expression patterns were studied by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that there were fifteen homologous genes of 4CL in P. edulis (Pe4CL1 ~ Pe4CL15), which all have introns with the numbers varying from 2 to 5. The proteins encoded by Pe4CLs ranged from 520 to 671 amino acids, with the molecular weight of about 55~72 kDa. All Pe4CLs contained two highly conserved domains unique to the 4CL family, with 6 to 10 conserved motifs, and all located on peroxidases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the 4CLs of P. edulis, Oryza sativa, Brachypodium distachyon, Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max and Populus trichocarpa were clustered into two subfamilies (A and B), and those in A subfamily were divided into three Types (Type Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ). Tissue specific expression analysis based on transcriptome data indicated that Pe4CLs had significantly different expression patterns in different tissues, as well as bamboo shoots at different development stages. The results of qPCR demonstrated that all the Pe4CLs were up-regulated with the increasing height of shoots except Pe4CL6 with a down-regulated expression pattern. The result of histochemical staining showed that the degree of lignification continuously increased with the increase of shoot height, which was consistent with the up-regulation of most Pe4CLs. This study provided a reference for further functional analysis of Pe4CLs in moso bamboo.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0083In order to maintain a high regeneration rate of plant callus with a long time, and to identify somaclnal variation, in this study, the embryonic calli of Zoysia matrella subcultured for 15 years were treated with different concentrations of epibrassinolide (EBL). The effects of BR the its growth and regeneration of long-term in vitro cultured callus were studied, and the optimal EBL concentration was selected to improve the growth and regeneration efficiency, which provided a reference for optimizing the subculture and regeneration system of Z. matrella. Meanwhile, to investigate the mechanism of the antioxidant system during embryogenesis of Z. matrella, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in callus and regenerated plants treated with EBL were examined. The results showed that 0.02 μmol·L-1 EBL had the most significant promotion for callus growth and regeneration. The embryogenesis of callus was best maintained under the treatment of 0.02 μmol·L-1 EBL, the diameter increased by 131.11% while the fresh weight increased by 43.8%. High concentrations of EBL (>0.10 μmol·L-1) inhibited the embryogenic maintenance and regeneration of callus. The antioxidant reaction system in plants was activated by EBL treatment. The activity of POD decreased during subculture; the activities of CAT, POD, and SOD were improved during the regeneration. Additionally, the content of MDA decreased noticeably during the subculture and regeneration, which suggests that BR may regulate the physiological and biochemical processes during somatic embryogenesis by activating the antioxidant response and strengthening the antioxidant reaction in the process of subculture and regeneration. This study provides a solution to alleriated the problem that the regeneration rate of callus in long term culture decreases with the growth of culture time.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 93-102. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0093In recent years, cadmium pollution in rice has become a serious problem with the security of global food. Systematic understandings the regulation mechanism of cadmium responsive gene and the factors affecting cadmium metabolism are helpful for breeding new rice varieties with low cadmium accumulation and high quality. This review focused on the mechanisms of cadmium absorption from the soil, transportation from root to shoot and accumulation in rice grains, and elaborated the influencing factors and summarized the studies on genes involved in cadmium metabolism in rice, which was aimed to provide references for breeding rice with low cadmium accumulation by molecular design breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 103-110. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0103In order to study the effects of combined treatment of 1-MCP and60Co-γ irradiation on postharvest quality of loquat fruits, the DAWUXING loquat fruits was used as the experimental material to determine the relevant indexes(decay index, lignin content, firmness, respiration rate, ethylene production rate, relative conductivity, titratable acid content, soluble solid content, PAL activity, LOX activity, PPO activity, POD activity). Postharvest loquat fruits with modified atmosphere package were divided into 4 treatments under (6±0.5)℃ conditions(1 μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment, 1.5 kGy60Co-γ treatment, 1 μL·L-1 1-MCP +1.5 kGy60Co-γ treatment, control treatment as CK). The results showed that: Among the different treatment, the quality of loquat fruits treated with the combination of 1-MCP and 60Co-γ irradiation was the best, which delayed the increase of loquat fruits decay index and lignin content, maintained the firmness of loquat fruit, decreased the ethylene production rate and the relative electric conductivity, kept the titratable acid (TA) and the total soluble solids(TSS) content of loquat fruits, and inhibited the rise of loquat fruits the activities of ascorbic acid peroxidase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and peroxidase (POD). The decay index of loquat fruits in group of 1-MCP +60Co-γ was only 17.95%, while those for 1-MCP,60Co-γ, and CK were 22.86%, 25.72%, and 36.24%, respectively, after stored for 40 days. Therefore, 1-MCP combined with60Co-γ irradiation treatment had the best fresh-keeping effect on the storage of loquat fruits. This study could provide theoretical basis for the storage and preservation of loquat fruits.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 111-119. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0111In order to investigate the effects of ozone pretreatment combined with N2 controlled atmosphere on the storage quality of paddy, the paddy was treated in four different ways (O3/N2, O3/air, control/N2, control/air) and stored at 14℃ and 75% relative humidity. The changes of microbial indexes, physicochemical properties and sensory scores of paddy during storage were studied. The results showed that ozone pretreatment significantly reduced the total number of bacterial colonies, mold and yeast colonies in paddy (P<0.05). During the storage of 12M, the germination rate, catalase activity and free sulfhydryl content decreased with the prolongation of storage time for all the groups, and the lowest decreases were found for N2 controlled atmosphere groups (P<0.05). This indicated that N2 is beneficial for maintaining the physiological activity and delaying lipid and protein oxidation in paddy. Ozone pretreatment reduced the content of free sulfhydryl groups and increased the fatty acid value, while had no significant effect on the germination rate and catalase activity of paddy (P>0.05). Two principal components were screened by principal component analysis (PCA) based on the above-mentioned seven indicators, and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 94.455%, which could efficiently reflect the information of the original data. Further analysis showed that the comprehensive score value of paddy in ozone pretreatment combined with N2 controlled atmosphere group decreased the lowest during the storage, indicating that the combined treatment can effectively slow down the quality change and prolong the storage period of paddy during storage. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for high quality storage of rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 120-127. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0120To explore the inhibitory activity of organic acid on the biofilm formation by spoilage related Pseudomona from food, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiofilm ability of citric acid and acetic acid against Pseudomonas fluorescence and Pseudomonas lundensis were determined. The effects of the two organic acid at the sub-MIC on biofilm formation, production of exopolysaccharides (EPS), tstructure of biofilm, bacterial motility, and protease activity of Pseudomonas were measured by crystal violet staining, phenol-sulphuric acid, microscopic observation, and folin-phenol methods. The results showed that MIC of citric acid and acetic acid against two Pseudomonas was 2.1 and 1.0 mg·mL-1, respectively. The two organic acid at 1/4 MIC and 1/2 MIC significantly reduced biofilm formation and EPS secretion of two Pseudomonas. Additionally, citric acid and acetic acid at 1/2 MIC significantly reduced 53.00% and 52.19% of biofilm biomass, and decreased EPS by 54.43% and 57.85% in P. fluorescens and P. lundescens, respectively. Observations by optical microscopy and CLSM indicated that the adhesion and biofilm thickness of Pseudomonas treated with two organic acid at sub MIC visibly decreased on the slide, and dead bacteria in the biofilm increased. The biofilm thickness of P. fluorescence treated with 1/2 MIC citric acid and acetic acid reduced to 9.8 and 10.2 μm, respectively, in contrast with 50.0 μm of the control. Furthermore, bacterial swarming and swimming of two Pseudomonas treated by sub-MIC of two organic acid became weak, especially for AA treatment. The protease activity of Pseudomonas inhibited by 22.21%-34.10%. Thus, two organic acid at the sub-MIC exhibited good antibiofilm against P. fluorescens and P. lundensis, especially acetic acid, which could provide theoretical basis for the application of organic acid in raw food preservation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 128-137. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0128To investigate the mechanism of cold shock combined with salicylic acid treatment on chilling injury of cucumber fruit, the effects of cold shock (0℃ ice-water), salicylic acid (1 mmol·L-1) and the combination of cold shock and salicylic acid (0℃ ice-water containing 1 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid) treatments on energy and proline metabolism in cucumber fruit stored at low temperature were studied, respectively. The results indicated that the treatments of cold shock, salicylic acid and cold shock combined with salicylic acid effectively alleviated the chilling injury, and inhibited the relative conductivity and the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cucumber fruit. In addition, these three treatments markedly increase the activities of Ca2+-ATPase, H+-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome C oxidase (CCO), retarded the decline of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) content, inhibited the increase of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) content, and maintained higher energy charge compared with the control. The results also demonstrated that three treatments improved △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) activities and inhibited proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which promoted the accumulation of proline of cucumber fruit. And among these three treatments, the effiency of cold shock combined with salicylic acid treatment was the best. This study provides theoretical basis for alleviation of cucumber fruits.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 138-146. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0138In order to explore the influence of different drying methods on water distribution characteristics and migration laws of Jingyuan yellow beef in Ningxia, three drying methods of mid-infrared combined with electric heating (MICEH), mid-infrared (MI) and low temperature vacuum (LTV) were used. The results showed that the time for the wet base moisture content of beef decreased from 72% to lower than 20% were 330, 420 and 450 min, and the average drying rate were 0.417 9, 0.330 8 and 0.309 9 g·g-1·h-1, respectively. The peak integral area of bound water (A21) decreased significantly when moisture content of wet base dropped to about 35%. The signal of bound water disappeared and the wave peak of non-flowing water moved to left significantly when which dropped to 25%. Totally the moisture content of wet base showed a significant linear relationship with the sum of NMR peak integral area under different drying methods (P<0.05), for which the linear regression equation of MICEH drying was y=16 913x-1 102.3 (R2=0.985 2). The moisture content decreased rapidly at the early stage of MICEH drying, while the rate of water diffusion significantly lower than that in MI drying and LTV drying (P<0.05) at later stages. However, the hydrogen proton density distributed evenly in the MICEH drying under the similar condition of water content, and the drying quality of beef was higher. The research results provided experimental basis for production of drying beef and theoretical reference for improvement of MICEH drying technologies.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 147-158. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0147In order to explore the role of microalgae in shellfish depuration, and the effect of depuration on the shellfish aroma profile. Isochrysis galbana was added as shellfish feedings, and volatile compounds profile of depurated and untreated samples were compared by multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicated that most characteristic volatile compounds including ketones, alcohols, and aldehydes increased after depuration, among which ketones with butter-like and meaty odor increased most significantly. While some off-odor compounds such as benzene decreased dramatically including 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and so on. According to the result of discriminant analysis, depuration with Isochrysis galbana had better performance on sensory quality improvement compared with seawater depuration. This research provides theoretical base for the application of microalgae in shellfish depuration industry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 159-166. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0159In order to improve the detection accuracy of zearalenone (ZEN) and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) of moldy maize by laser Raman spectroscopy technology, six kinds of maize samples with different moldy degree were studied and tested using Raman spectroscopy technology. Firstly, iterative polynomial fitting method was used to correct the original Raman spectrum to remove the fluorescence background. Then, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV) and Gauss-Lorrentz Mixed Function Peak Position Fitting method (Gauss-Lor) were used to preprocess the spectra, and Gauss-Lor method was found to be appropriate. 22 and 36 characteristic wavelengths were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) for AFB1 and ZEN, respectively. Back propagation neural network (BPNN), partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) were adopted to predict the contents of the two toxins based on the characteristic wavelengths and full wavelengths, respectively. The results showed that the predictive effect of BPNN based on characteristic wavelength was the best, and the correlation coefficients (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) for AFB1 content were 0.986 9 and 0.098 7, R2 and RMSE for ZEN content were 0.967 3 and 0.092 2, respectively. The results of the study provided guidance for the rapid detection of mycotoxins in maize by Raman spectroscopy technology, and also provided a reference for Raman spectroscopy technology detection of other mycotoxins.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 167-174. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0167To study the changes of soybean allergens and urease activity in anti-nutritional factors during soybean germination. Soybean samples were germinated at 20℃ for 7 days, and the sensitization and antigenicity of allergen proteins during soybean germination were analyzed by immunoblotting and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and urease activity was measured. The results showed that the soluble protein content (dry basis) in bean sprouts continued to increase as the germination time prolonged, which reached the highest content on the fourth day of germination, and then decreased slightly. Electrophoresis results showed that the α and α-subunits of β-conglycinin and the acidic subunits of globulin were preferentially degraded over the β and basic subunits. The changes of bean sprout antigenicity and allergenicity showed a decreasing trend first and then increased during the germination process. The antigenicity of bean sprout root decreased by 80% after 4-day germination, and then increased slightly. Gly m Bd 30K was the main allergen in the bean sprout root. The allergenicity of soybean sprouts was reduced by 54% and the antigenicity was reduced by 44%. Urease activity decreased by 67% on the 5-day germination. Germination showed a postive effect on reducing allergens in soybeans, that when soybean sprouts are about 6 cm in length, their allergen content and urease activity are low. The results of this study can be utilized to develop soybean sprouts that are easy to absorb and with low allergenicity.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 175-182. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0175To optimize the extraction process of microwave treatment for fresh kiwifruit slices, taking the weight loss rate, hardness, chromatic aberration △E, titratable acid (TA) content, ascorbic acid (Vc) content, soluble sugar content, total soluble solids (TSS) content, ratio of sugar to acid, total phenol content, chlorophyll content and total bacterial count as response value, the effects of microwave power, microwave time, slices thickness and the interaction between them were investigated. The optimum processing conditions were determined and verified by the Box-Behnken experimental design and principal component analysis as follows: the microwave power, microwave time and slices thickness were 294 W, 25 s and 8 mm, respectively. After treated under these conditions and reserved for 10 days at 4℃, the ratio of sugar to acid was 5.65, △E was 3.53, the hardness 25.78 g, and the total bacterial count 2.68×104 CFU·g-1. The regression model based on ratio of sugar to acid, △E and hardness was statistically significant (P<0.05), and could be used to predict the effect of microwave treatment on the quality characteristic and total bacterial count of the fresh kiwifruit slices. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the processing and production of fresh kiwifruit slices.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 183-191. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0183To explore effects of straw returning on the supply and absorption of nitrogen in continuous spring maize in Songnen Plain, the experiment set five straw treatments of 0 t·hm-2(CK), 9.20 t·hm-2, 18.40 t·hm-2, 27.60 t·hm-2 and 36.80 t·hm-2in the south-central Songnen Plain. All were applied with urea 15N labeled 350 kg·hm-2. The results showed that returning straw to the field changed the utilization rate of spring maize to fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen. Under a certain amount of straw returning, as the amount of straw returning to the field increased, the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen in the nitrogen accumulation of spring maize plants increased, but the opposite trend after the jointing stage. Through equation fitting, when the amount of straw returned to the field was lower than 12.49 t · hm-2, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season could be improved, and when it was higher than 12.49 t · hm-2, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was lower than that of CK. Straw returning to the field was not conducive to the growth of spring maize at the seedling stage and jointing stage. When the amount of straw returned to the field was 11.25 t · hm-2, it was the most favorable for the formation of spring maize yield. When the amount of straw returned to the field was higher than 23.96 t · hm-2, it would cause a reduction in yield. From the results of this experiment, it could be speculated that the optimal amount of straw returning to the field was 11.25 t · hm-2 when combined with 350 kg · hm-2 of urea in the central and southern Songnen Plain. This experiment systematically studied the effects of different maize straw returning fields on soil nitrogen supply and nitrogen absorption of next crop maize, which provides a basis and reference for scientific analysis of the relationship between straw returning and soil nitrogen supply.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 192-201. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0192In order to select drought resistance indexes and scientifically identify drought resistance of rice, 6 isolates of Chuanxiang 29B near-isogenic introgression lines (NIILs) were treated with PEG-6000 solutions with a mass-volume ratio of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% for identification of drought resistance at the germination stage, respectively,using distilled water as the control. The effects of simulated drought conditions on germination of rice breeding materials were studied meanwhile, the drought resistance indexes of germination were analyzed, and drought resistance of materials were also screened. The results showed that mild water stress had little inhibitory effect on rice seed germination, but promoted the germination in some lines compared with the control. However, severe water stress significantly inhibited rice seed germination, and in particular, the inhibition of germination potential was stronger than that of germination rate. Root length, root dry weight, residual seed dry weight and root-shoot ratio showed positive response to water stress, which indicated that water stress had a stronger inhibitory effect on buds than roots during seed germination, and hindered the transport and utilization of substances. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant or extremely significant correlation between the storage material conversion rate drought coefficient and 8 other indexes including germination index drought coefficient while the bud length drought coefficient had stronger correlation with other indexes compared with the root length. In the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance using the membership function method, the comprehensive D values of 5818(Chuanxiang 29B/ASOMINORD//29B///29B)、Chuanxiang 29B、5819(Chuanxiang 29B/ASOMINORI///29B///29B)(mark as C2,C6 and C3 ranked top. Under the treatment of 20% PEG-6000 solution, the correlation analysis between D value and drought coefficient of each index showed correlation coefficients of vitality index drought coefficient, root length drought coefficient, storage material conversion rate drought coefficient with D value were 0.84, 0.78 and 0.85, respectively. In conclusion, the storage material conversion rate drought coefficient and vitality index drought coefficient were significantly correlated with most of the indexes, and significantly positively correlated with D value. Therefore, the storage material conversion rate drought coefficient could be used as the first-class index for drought resistance identification at the germination stage, while vitality index drought coefficient and D value could be secondary indexes. These indexes could be used for rapid and accurate identification of drought resistance of rice materials and varieties at germination stage. C2, C6 and C3 with strong drought resistance were selected by the membership function method, which could be further applied in drought-resistant rice breeding, to select drought-resistant varieties and carry out drought resistance research further.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 202-210. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0202In order to increasing the emergence rate of cotton under salt stress, strive for whole seedlings and strong seedlings, the cotton seeds were used as experiment materials primed by distilled water and 5%, 10%, 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) for 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. The optimum primer and priming time were selected according to germination potential (GP) and germination rate (GR). To explore the effects of seed priming on germination and physiological characteristics of cotton seeds under salt stress, the seeds primed by the optimum initiator were germinated at four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mmol·L-1), and the non-primed seeds were used as control. The results showed that 5% PEG-6000 for 12 hours was the best priming condition, and it also showed prominent performance under subsequent NaCl stress. The seed germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI) and vigor index (Ⅵ) were significantly higher than those without priming under different NaCl stresses. It was found that hypocotyl length and root length increased by 17.95%~30.37% and 12.93%~74.96%, respectively, under different salt stresses on 7 days of germination. The results of seed physiological indices showed that the root activity increased by 6.84%~39.32% after 7 days of seed germination, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) also increased significantly on 2, 4 and 6d of seed germination compared with that of non-primed seeds, while the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in seed decreased. These results indicated that PEG priming could increase the root activity, and the salt tolerance of cotton seeds was improved by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in seeds and alleviating the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. This study provides a simple and effective method to improve the emergence rete of cotton under salt stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 211-220. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0211In order to explore the alleviating effects of exogenous substance on physiological and growth of Stachys lanata under Cadmium stress, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of SA(0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mmol·L-1) and GSH(0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4mmol·L-1)on seedling growth, osmotic adjustment substances, three antioxidant enzyme activities and Cadmium content of S. lanata under the 300 mg·kg-1Cd stress. The results showed that SA and GSH made the leaf color better, and increased the leaf area, the tiller capacity, the dry matter accumulation in underground and above ground parts; Except for 0.4mmol·L-1GSH treatment on the 3rd day, SA and GSH increased the content of the soluble sugar, the soluble protein and the free proline, and the highest amplitude of the three indexes was 16.06%, 14.13%, 311.39% (SA) and 50.28%, 12.77%, 313.77% (GSH), respectively;The amplitude of activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was 57.39%, 38.51%,26.81%(SA) and 85.00%, 60.77%, 50.21% (GSH), respectively; The absorption of cadmium mainly concentrated in the root. SA had no significant effect on Cd absorption, while GSH inhibited Cd transport to the shoots. In conclusion, SA and GSH can alleviate the stress of S. lanata to Cd and the effect was better with 1.0 to 1.5 mmol·L-1 SA and 0.3 to 0.4 mmol·L-1GSH treatment. The result are important to phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil by Stachys lanata.
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Study on the Response Mechanism of the AsA-GSH Cycle in Cotton Seedling Under Low Temperature StressJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 221-228. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0221In order to investigate the response mechanism of ascorbate-glutathione circulatory system in the vegetative organs of cotton seedlings subjected to low temperature stress, an indoor experiment was conducted to study the effects of low temperature stress (4℃) at different times (0 d, 1 d and 2 d) on antioxidant contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in roots, stems and leaves of Xinluzao 57 cotton seedlings. The results showed that compared with the control treatment (0 d), as the low temperature stress time prolonged, in roots, the AsA content, MDHAR and GR activities in roots gradually increased. DHA content first decreased and then increased, GSSG content and DHAR activity first increased and then decreased, GSH/GSSG ratio and APX activity decreased, and no significant difference was observed in AsA/DHA ratio, GSH content and GPX activity. Low temperature stress treatment gradually increased the AsA, GSH contents, AsA/DHA ratio, APX, MDHAR, GR activities in stems and leaves. Moreover, DHAR activity increased, DHA and GSSG contents in stems first decreased and then increased, and no significant difference was observed in GSH/GSSG ratio and GPX activity; in leaves, DHA content and GSH/GSSG ratio first remained stable and then increased, DHAR activity first increased and then decreased, and no significant difference was observed in GSSG content and GPX activity. Comprehensive analysis showed that cotton seedlings could remove reactive oxygen species by regulating the antioxidant contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in roots, stems and leaves to adapt to low temperature stress and reduce the damage to cotton seedlings caused by low temperature stress. Besides, low temperature stress had the greatest effect on AsA-GSH cycle in roots. These results would provide a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of AsA-GSH cycle metabolism in cotton seedling subjected to low temperature stress.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 229-237. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0229
To improve fruit quality of Majia pomelo, a characteristic cultivar in Jiangxi province, the effects of 5 types of bags and 4 debagging times on fruit appearance and inner quality of Majia pomelo were explored. The five types of bags include single-layer yellow paper bag (T1), double-layer paper bag with the outside bag being yellow and the inner bag being black (T2), three-layer paper bag with the outside bag being yellow and the inner bag being black (T3), double-layer paper bag with the outside bag being red and the inner bag being black (T4), and three-layer paper bag with the outside bag being red and the inner bag being black (T5). The four debagging times were September 25 (Z1), October 10 (Z2), October 25 (Z3), and November 10 (Z4). The results showed that the fruit appearance quality of Majia pomelo bagged with two or three layers of paper bags (CCI value: -0.38 to -0.08) was significantly higher than that without bagging and single-layer paper bags (CCI value: -1.69 to -1.40), but there was little difference in the effect of different colors on quality. Bagging had no significant effect on the fruit shape, edible rate and main fruit inclutions (total sugar, titratable acid and Vc, etc) of Majia pomelo, but T2, T3, T4 had better effect on increasing the content of main carotenoid. Among them, the fruits of T3 had the highest β-carotene content (22.64 μg·g-1), and the fruits of T2 had the highest lycopene content (29.06 μg·g-1). The experimental results of different debagging times showed that the fruit shape, edible rate and main fruit inclutions of Majia pomelo was not significantly changed, but the color of peel and flesh and the content of main carotenoid were affected. The fruits of Z3 had the best peel color (CCI value was 26.44), and the contents of β-carotene (23.17 μg·g-1) and lycopene (29.14 μg·g-1) were the highest. However, there was no significant difference with harvesting with bags. Considering the labor force, harvesting with bags after bagging was prefect. The results provided theoretical basis for improving fruit quality of Majia pomelo.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 238-244. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0238In order to study the effect of waterlogging on wheat grain quality at jointing stage, 34 wheat cultivars (lines) were used to compare the change of grain characteristics, dough rheological characteristics and Solvent Retention Capacity (SRC) between treatment group and control group. Results showed that wheat varieties had a highly significant effect on grain characteristics, dough rheological characteristics and SRC. Waterlogging treatment had a highly significant effect on 1 000-grain weight, peak time, peak area and SRC. After waterlogging, 1 000-grain weight and grain hardness of grain characteristics, peak area and peak time of dough rheological characteristics decreased by 9.09%, 3.76%, 6.86%, 7.49%, respectively, and SRC value of sucrose and lactate decreased by 2.68 and 4.39 percentage points, with significant or greatly significant differences between treatment and control. According to the quality changes and correlation analysis before and after waterlogging, 1 000-grain weight, sucrose SRC value and lactate SRC value can be used as indexes for screening waterlogging tolerance in wheat quality. According to cluster analysis of K-Means method for the differences of the effect of waterlogging tolerance on quality in wheat varieties (lines), Ningmai9, Yang16-157, Wanximai7 and Emai6046 had better waterlogging tolerance, which might be used as parents for breeding waterlogging tolerant varieties. The above results provided a theoretical basis for wheat waterlogging tolerance breeding and waterlogging influence on wheat growth.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 35(1): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.01.0245In this study, potato variety of Qingshu No.9 was employed as test material. A field experiment was conducted with two different cultivated patterns to investigate the effects of mulching on ridge - furrow for harvesting rainwater on starch granule morphology, distribution and starch gelatinization properties of tuber in rainfed potato during tuber formation with the bare land flat sown as the control. The cultivated patterns included the whole plastic mulching on double ridges and single ridge mulching with plastic film. The related indicators about starch granule morphology, distribution and starch gelatinization properties were detected by Scanning Electron Microscope, Laser Particle Sizer and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer, respectively. The results showed that starch granule average size, peak viscosity, though viscosity and final viscosity were the highest under whole plastic mulching on double ridges in the whole process of tuber formation. Starch granule dispersion, breakdown value and setback value were the highest under single ridge mulching with plastic film. There was no significant difference in starch granule morphology and pasting temperature between cultivated patterns. Furthermore, starch granule average size had a significant positive correlation with viscosity at different stage, a significant negative correlation with pasting temperature, but no significant correlation with breakdown value and setback value. However, there was no significant correlation between starch granule dispersion and gelatinization properties. Therefore, whole plastic mulching on double ridges could produce starch with better quality.
