10 November 2018, Volume 32 Issue 11
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • ZHANG Xiaofen, WANG Guoyun, DU Heshan, CHEN Bin, WEN Changlong, GENG Sansheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2081-2087. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2081
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    In order to establish the genetic transformation system of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using particle bombardment, the anthers of high embryogenesis pepper variety ‘L5’ were used as receptors, and the gene of green fluorescent protein (GFP) were transformed into the microspores of anthers. Then the microspore embryogenesis was induced by anther culture, the best parameters of particle bombardment for the genetic transformation of pepper have been preliminarily established. In the study, the best receptors for the particle bombardment were the anthers which were pre-cultured in the dark at 9℃ temperature for four days. The bombarding intensity had significant effect on the embryogenesis from anthers(P<0.05). The numbers of embryos were decreased with the increase of bombardment pressure and bombardment times, and decreased with the decrease of target distance. The best parameters of particle bombardment were shooting two times with 1350 psi rupture pressure and target distance of 9 cm. With which average transformation efficiency was 4.2%, and fourteen transformation embryos were identified using the Leica-microscope, but no transformation plants were obtained in this study. These results could be used in the stable genetic transformation of pepper using particle bombardment in the future.
  • WU Hualing, FANG Kaixing, PAN Yayan, JIANG Xiaohui, CAO Junxi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2088-2097. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2088
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    Glycosyltransferase (UGT) is a kind of specially enzyme that catalyzes the glycosylation reaction, and it plays an important role in improving the chemical stability and increasing the water solubility of flavonoid aglycones. In order to explore the function of glucosyltransferase in tea, a UGT gene was cloned from purple leaves of a purple tea plant variety Hongye 2 using RACE technique. The cDNA of this gene was 1 701 bp in length, which contained a CDS of 1362 bp, encoding 454 amino acids. Due to a high homology with F3GalT protein sequences from other species, and a conserved PSPG box in its C-end, this gene was named as CsF3GalT. RT-qPCR showed the expression of CsF3GalT was significantly higher in purple tea varieties than that in green ones, and also up-regulated in purple leaves compared to green leaves from the same purple tea varieties. Enzyme activity test in vitro by constructing a prokaryotic expression vector of CsF3GalT gene showed CsF3GalT could catalyze UDP-galactose and myricetin to synthesize myricetin-3-ο-galactose, but couldn’t catalyze UDP-glucose and myricetion to form corresponding production. The expression products of CsF3GalT were located in cytoplasm and nucleus in cells. These results provides a certain theoretical basis for further clarifying the function of UGTs and its possible roles in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway in tea plant.
  • GUAN Yuelin, GONG Yifu, ZHU Shuaiqi, YU Kai, WANG Heyu, YAN Xiaojun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2098-2106. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2098
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    In order to explore the relationship between the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and the regulation of crtiso gene expression, the full-length cDNA sequence of crtiso was obtained by transcriptome sequencing and the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), arachidonic acid (AA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ammonium ceric sulfate (ACS) on the crtiso gene expression of Phaeodactylum tricornutum at different concentrations were studied. The results showed that the crtiso cDNA was 2 116 bp in length and 1 902 bp in open reading frame (ORF), encoding 635 amino acids. crtiso protein is a hydrophilic labile protein, relative molecular mass is 67 803.00 Mr, with the theoretical isoelectric point of 7.14, the main component of protein secondary structure is α-helix, β-sheet and random curl, with conserved regions and domains. The phylogentic tree analysis indicated that the crtiso protein of Phaeodactylum tricornutum had a close genetic relationship with Cyanbacteria. The results of elicitor expression indicated that ASA, AA, MeJA and ACS could significantly increase the expression level of crtiso gene. When the concentration of ASA, AA, MeJA and ACS were 10 mg·L-1, 0.1 mg·L-1, 50 μmol·L-1 and 0.2 mg·L-1 respectively, the expression of crtiso gene was the highest. Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of crtiso gene and the content of fucoxanthin was linear related, indicating that the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin triptolide by regulating crtiso gene expression. This study provides an important basis for further studing the synthesis of fucoxanthin in the future.
  • SUN Yue, WANG Chunlei, OUYANG Linjuan, ZHOU Dahu, FU Junru, ZHU Changlan, HE Haohua, PENG Xiaosong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2107-2118. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2107
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    Insertion of exogenous gene in transgenic rice may form new metabolites and change agronomic traits,the unintended effects bad for agricultural production have attracted the attentions of researchers greatly. Four trans-Bt gene restorer line bred by Jiangxi Agricultural university bred were used as the experimental materials to explore whether exist unintended effects of transgene rice, with inverse PCR, flankingsequences were amplified and blast,216 SSR primer marker were used to analyze genetic background of the whole genomic,real-time PCR was used to detected the expression of all flanking genes located within 100 kb up- and down-stream of exogenous gene, and photosynthetic pigment content and nine primary agrinomic trait were compared. The results showed that the flanking sequence of cry1C gene was 1276 bp and located on chromosome 11, flanking sequence of cry1C gene has 948 bp and located on chromosome 12; Genetic background recovery rate of changhui 121T、changhui 891T、changhui T025T、R205xuanT were 95.60%、88.43%、93.52%、94.44%, respectively; The gene expression analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the expression level of flanking genes located within 100 kb up- and down-stream of exogenous genes between test and control group;Further studies showed that photosynthetic pigment content and nine primary agrinomic trait have no significant difference between test and control group. The study indicated that cry1C and cry2A insertions in genome in transgenic rice don't change the expression level of flanking genes and no unintended effects were found in for transgenic rice. In addition, our study provides a clue for safety assessment of unintended effects in GM plants.
  • ZHANG Junying, JIANG Meiyan, JIANG Jianxia, LI Yanli, WANG Weirong, SUN Chaocai, YANG Liyong, ZHOU Xirong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2119-2125. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2119
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    To investigated the function of molecular marker BE10 in breeding Brassica napus Dominant Genic Male Sterility(DGMS) lines, using BE10 to detect the selfing segregation populations and the homozygous sterile lines of the of B. napus DGMS line and verity the reliability of BE10 was verified through field fertility observation. Selfing population of the fertile lines with the genotype MS5aMS5b generated a fertile/sterile segregation ratio of 3:1, with genotypes MS5aMS5a (1): MS5aMS5b (2): MS5bMS5b (1). From this population, the fertile lines were selected for self-pollination. Two-thirds of the resulting populations showed the same segregation ratio as the parental generation. The remaining populations, carrying the homozygous MS5a, were completely fertile. The sterile gene MS5b and the homozygous sterile lines can be identified using the marker BE10 from the progeny population. This method could effectively improve the breeding efficiency of the sterile line. The selected homozygous sterile plants can be propagated with the aid of clonal reproduction. The resulting plants can be used to produce full sterile lines by crossing them with the temporary maintainer lines. This integrated approach can effectively improve the purity of full sterile lines and thus provide an efficient and reliable way for breeding and commercially producing male sterile hybrids.
  • FU Tao, WANG Zhilong, LIN Lejing, LIN Li, LI Wen, YUAN Dongming
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2126-2134. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2126
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    In order to provide a classification for the phylogenetic relationship of Chinese Cerasus plants, 30 kinds of typical Cerasus plants were used as experimental materials in this paper, the use of nuclear gene ITS and 4 chloroplast intergenic sequences [petA-psbJ、trnH-psbA、rpl32-trnL(UAG) and trnL-trnF] were sequenced the sequences characteristics were analyzed and phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA6. The result showed that the DNA fragment length polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 5 sequences were higher, among them, ITS and rpl32-trnL (UAG) had the greatest variability, which could be used as the core barcode sequences of Cerasus, others sequences could be used as auxiliary sequences. The phylogenetic tree constructed with the combination sequence of 5 sequences, and could reflect the phylogenetic relationships among Cerasus species. The results of this study provide some reference basis for further study on the origin, phylogenetic relationship, species identification and resource conservation of Cerasus in South China.
  • YAN Yichao, WAN Chunyan, GU Xianbin, GUO Chengbao, CHEN Yuehong, GAO Zhihong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2135-2146. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2135
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    To study the expression of genes involved in biotic stress and its physio-chemical reponse under cold stress, and to evaluate the resistance of RdreBIBI transgenic lines, the rd29A: RdreBIBI transgenic Benihoppe strawberry Lines were used as material. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmotic regulator, the activity of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) under a total seven temperature gradient treatments (25℃, 4℃, 2℃, 0℃,-2℃,-4℃ and-6℃) were analyzed. The expression of RdreB1BI and endogenous stress-related genes in strawberry leaves under normal temperature,-2℃ and-4℃ were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the transgenic line 7, 8 and 10 had no obvious yellowing leaves under -4℃ and-6℃ treatment, and the SOD activity in leaves was significantly higher than the control, lines 1 and 9. The soluble sugar content in leaves of transgenic line 10 under-4℃ and-6℃ treatment was significantly higher than control, line 1 and 7. The activity of CAT in leaves of line 8 under-6℃ treatment kept a high level. The expression levels of ZAT10 in line 7 and 8 under-4℃ treatment were significantly higher than line 1, 9, 10 and control; The expression levels of NAC in line 8 and 10 under-4℃ treatment were significantly higher than line 1, 7, 9 and the control, It illustrated that the line 7, 8 and 10 had stronger cold resistance than other lines. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of transcription factors such as IDD4, PP2C25, HSFC1a and MYBR in transgenic plants under-4℃ treatment were significantly higher than control group. They cooperated with RdreB1BI gene involved in signal transduction of stress response, improved protective enzyme activity and osmolytes contents, and regulated strawberry cold resistant. It illustrated that the insertion of the exogenous RdreB1BI gene can significantly improve the strawberry cold resistant. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of low-temperature regulation of Benihoppe strawberry, the research of northward transplanting and resistant breeding.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • GUO Shihao, YANG Rui, XIU Lili, HUANG Jianying, BI Lijun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2147-2154. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2147
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    In order to explore the effect of different concentrations of water-soluble chitosan soaking on the quality of black bean sprouts. The hypocotyl length and fresh weight of the soaked germinated black beans were measured. The content of biological activity products was determined by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that chitosan soaking treatment could increase the length and fresh weight of black bean sprout hypocotyl, and affect the content of bioactive product.At the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.4% and 0.8% chitosan, the growth promotion of black bean sprouts was more obvious (P<0.05). after 3 days’ treatment with 0.4% chitosan, the length and fresh weight of hypocotyls increased significantly, the highest contents of total ascorbic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid were obtained compared to the control,and the content of phytic acid decreased most significantly,they were 63.45 mg·g-1, 5.08 mg·g-1 and 8.95 mg·g-1, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of chitosan to produce low-cost functional foods.
  • LI Ting, AN Di, BAO Jinping, ZANG Yunxiang, WAN Sibao, XU Kai, ZHENG Weiwei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2155-2161. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2155
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    In order to evaluate storage characteristics of six grape cultivars, named as Red Alexander, Alexandria, Summer Black, Red Globe, Golden Finger, Ruby Seedless, texture profile analysis and whole-fruit puncturing test were used for the texture property analysis during storage. The results showed that texture propertly were significant different among six cultivars. Summer Black had the highest hardness and chewiness, along with the lowest springiness, cohesiveness, resilience, and skin toughness. The highest skin hardness and skin toughness were found in Alexandria, however the highest cohesiveness and resilience was found in Red Alexander. During storage, the hardness, chewiness; springiness, cohesiveness, resilience, and skin hardness were decreased; however, skin toughness increased. Hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and skin toughness of Summer Black decreased more rapidly than those of other cultivars after 14 days of storage. Springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, skin hardness, and skin toughness of Red Alexander, decreased at a low level, while hardness, chewiness, and skin toughness of Golden Finger decreased remarkably after 35 days of storage. It was concluded that the order of six cultivars by their storage time was as Red Alexander, Alexandria, Red Globe, Ruby Seedless, Golden Finger, Summer Black. The results of this study would be beneficial for grape quality screening and breeding.
  • WEN Guohong, LI Gaofeng, LI Jianwu, ZHANG Rong, MA Sheng, JIA Xiaoxia
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2162-2169. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2162
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    To understand the main nutrition characters of potato varieties named ‘Longshu’, the contents of five main quality traits (dry matter, starch, reducing sugar, vitamin C, crude protein) and five mineral elements (potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium) in tuber of 14 potato varieties bred by breeding team in Potato Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences were determined. Then, the correlations between the contents of tuber mineral element and quality traits, and the comprehensive appraisal of nutritional quality were analyzed respectively by the methods of correlation analysis and the membership function. The results showed that the main quality characters and mineral element contents in tuber of potato differed significantly among varieties. Among the five main quality traits, the highest and the smallest variation coefficient were observed in content of reducing sugar and dry matter with the variation coefficient of 101.30% and 11.64%, respectively. Among the five mineral elements, the highest and the smallest variation coefficient were observed in content of selenium and potassium with variation coefficient of 29.78% and 7.62% respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the content of dry matter in tuber of potato was significantly positively correlated with content of starch. The content of crude protein in tuber of potato was significantly positively correlated with content of dry matter and starch, but significantly negatively correlated with the content of reducing sugar and vitamin C. The content of vitamin C was significantly positively correlated with content of reducing sugar. The correlation between other quality traits did not reach a significant level. The content of mineral element potassium in tuber of potato was significantly positively correlated with content of dry matter and starch. The content of calcium in tuber of potato was significantly positively correlated with content of crude protein. The correlation between other mineral elements and five quality traits was not significant. Comprehensive evaluation results showed that the nutritional quality of each variety was very different with the following the order of Longshu N0.8>Longshu N0.14> LY08104-12> LZ111>Longshu N0.9>Longshu N0.7>Longshu N0.12>Longshu N0.10>Longshu N0.3>Longshu N0.6> Longshu N0.11>LK99>Longshu N0.13>Longshu N0.5. This study would not only provide a scientific basis for the rational application of the potato varieties named‘Longshu’, but also provide a theoretical reference for the breeding of new potato varieties.
  • CHENG Linrun, XU Yanjie, ZHOU Xin, BIAN Xiaobo, ZHANG Liang, JIANG Meiqiao, BAO Jinsong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2170-2177. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2170
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    To explore the usefulness of the local potatoes in the micronutrients improvement for cultivated potatoes, 46 potato accessions potato accessions including cultivated and local potatoes were used to study the differences in nine mineral elements (K, P, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). The results showed that the average content of each mineral element in potato from high to low was in the order of K> P>Mg>Ca> Fe> Na> Zn> Mn> Cu, and the mineral element content exhibited wide genetic diversity in both cultivated and local potatoes. Although large variation in each element was found in both cultivars and local potatoes, the K, P and Zn contents of cultivated were higher than those in potatoes, while Na content was lower in the potato cultivars. The results of correlation analysis indicated that there were consistent extremely positive relationships between K and P(P<0.01), Zn and Mn, Mg and Mn (P<0.05) among cultivated and local potatoes. Cluster analysis based on the mineral element contents revealed three clusters among all potato accessions, and each cluster included both cultivated and local potatoes, which suggested that local potatoes had minor role in the breeding for improvement of mineral content. This study provided reference for the breeding of mineral elements.
  • LI Zhiyu, DU Zhenjiang, WANG Junfang, ZHANG Jiang, LIU Hongyong, WANG Shiping, WANG Hengzhen
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2178-2186. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2178
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    In order to investigate the effects of leaf removing on grape berry and wine quality, six years old 'Cabernet Sauvignon' in Yantai was chosen as the material. The quality of grape berries and wine affected by leaf removing was studied. Half and full-leaf removing was conducted at veraison (70 days after flowering) and 10 days before harvest (143 days after flowering), and the effects of leaf removing periods and methods on physicochemical quality indexes were studied. The results showed that leaf removing at different phenophase could obviously improve the maturity of grape and comprehensive quality of wine. The sugar, titratable acid, pH value of grape berries and wine could be improved by removing leaves at 70 day after flowering. Meanwhile, when half or full-leaf removing were conducted at veraison, the value of total phenol and tannins of grape berries increased by 17.96% and 50.25%, respectively, and that red wine increaseed by 40.18% and 54.13%, respectively,. In addition, the treatment of removing leaves had little effect on the framework of aroma components, but a great effect on the content of aroma components in grape berries and wine. The content of aroma components was improved obviously by removing all leaves in veraison. Furthermore, the treatment of full-leaf removing in verasion had a significant effect on the color of the wine, which was improved by 16.48%. All the four treatments of leaf removing could low the hue of wine, leading to pale purple of the wine. The results of this research could provide theoretical and technical support for growing grapes and improve the wine quality.
  • ZHANG Xuemei, WEI Yuxi, GAO Xiang, WANG Wenxiu, GAO Jie, JIAO Kui
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2187-2194. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2187
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    The study aimed to screen out strains with strong ability to produce polysaccharides that can inhibit a variety of cancer cells. In this paper, Bacillus natto was taken as the fermentation strains. According to the characteristics of producing amylase and nattokinase, 7 species of Bacillus natto strains were isolated from 7 different natto products. Liquid fermentation was carried out to ferment Ruditapes philippinarum with the 7 Bacillus natto. The crude polysaccharides from Ruditapes philippinarum (RPP) were obtained by water extraction from the fermentation product of Ruditapes philippinarum by Bacillus natto, and the content of polysaccharides was determined with the method of phenol-sulfuric acid. Taking RPP yield and the inhibition rate of the cancer cells as indicators, a strain with the highest yield of RPP and higher inhibition rate of cancer cells was obtained. With optimized fermentation time,the yield of crude polysaccharides from fermented Ruditapes philippinarum reached 24.06%, when the inoculation amount of BN-G, temperature, time and ratio of material to liquid were 5%, 37℃, 48 h and 1∶3, respectively. Moreover, the obtained crude polysaccharides showed strong inhibitory effect on both HepG2 cells and A-549 cells. The results of the study provided a certain theoretical basis for the study of producing ant-tumor functional foods from marine shellfish fermented by Bacillus natto.
  • WANG Yuan, ZHU Xia, YANG Xueshan, LI Jie, REN Chao, QIN Li, HAN Shunyu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2195-2207. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2195
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    In order to improve the content of volatile compounds in Merlot low alcohol rose wine, two strains of non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Mstschnikowia puicherrima and Pure Torulaspora delbrueckii) were co-fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, headspace solid phase microextraction and GC-MS were used to determine volatile compounds from different fermentation stages of the wine. The results showed that Met-Sc had higher volatile compounds than PL-Sc, especially esters, higher alcohols and terpenes. The micro-brewing experiment verified the high volatile quality of Met-Sc after co-fermentation, in which the floral, fruity and aroma intensity of the sample group were significantly increased compared to the control group, enhanced the complexity and layering of aromas. In conclusion, Mstschnikowia pulcherrima-Saccharomyces cerevisia(ES488) co-fermentation significantly increased the volatile of Merlot low alcohol rose wine, providing technical support for the production of high quality low alcohol wines.
  • LAI Pufu, LI Yibin, CHEN Junchen, TANG Baosha, WENG Minjie, SHEN Hengsheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2208-2215. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2208
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    The study attempted to optimize the process conditions for Pleurotus eryngii-okra chewable tablet. Crude polysaccharide of Pleurotus eryngii, ultrafine powder of Pleurotus eryngii and okra were used in powder direct tabletting method for making Pleurotus eryngii-okra chewable tablets, and the indices of tablet weight variation, disintegrating time, hardness and friability were evaluated for tablet quality. Single factor experiment was used to investigate the effects of filling pressure, filling depth, turntable speed and material particle size on tablet quality, and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimum conditions. The results showed that the optimum parameters for making Pleurotus eryngii-okra chewable tablet were filling pressure 20 kN, filling depth 12 mm, turntable speed 20 r·min-1and material particle size 260 mesh. Moreover, this study provided scientific theoretical basis for further comprehensive utilization of Pleurotus eryngii and okra resources, and promoted the process innovation of the tablet industry in China.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • ZHANG Jialei, GUO Feng, ZHANG Feng, YANG Sha, GENG Yun, MENG Jingjing, LI Xinguo, WAN Shubo
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2216-2224. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2216
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    To explore the physiological basis of the effects of early chemical control on individual plant development and group structure peanut, Huayu22 was used as materials to be treated with four treatments, such as CK(spraying water), PBZ-1(spraying PBZ when the main stem height was 25 cm), PBZ-2(spraying PBZ when the main stem height was 30 cm) and PBZ-3(spraying PBZ when the main stem height was 35 cm), and so on, to research the effects of chemical control at different stages on the plant trait, physiological characteristic, endogenous hormone content, pod yield and kernel quality of high-yield peanut. The results showed that PBZ treatments significantly reduced the main stem height, lateral branch length, node number of main stem and leaf number of main stem by inhibiting the gibberellin (GA) and auxin (IAA) synthesis. GA content at pod filling stage of PBZ-1 and PBZ-2 decreased by 30.60% and 26.45% relative to that of CK, and IAA content decreased by 17.29% and 14.98%, respectively. PBZ treatments increased the branch number by promoting zeatin nucleoside (ZR) synthesis, and the difference between effects of PBZ-1, PBZ-2 and PBZ-3 were most significant. ZR content at pod filling stage of PBZ-1 treatment and PBZ-2 treatment increased by 18.10% and 10.14% relative to that of CK, respectively. PBZ-1 and PBZ-2 significantly incrased the abscisic acid (ABA) content of leaf, and reduced the GA/ABA, IAA/ABA ratio and the ZR/ABA ratio of mature leaf, and then induced significantly increase of the chlorophyll content, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT of leaf, and further promoted the photosynthate transport and accumulation to pod. Chlorophyll content, SOD and POD activity of PBZ-1 increased by 23.69%, 36.80% and 44.88% relative to that of CK, and increased by 19.28%, 28.70% and 34.26% of PBZ-2, respectively. Remarkably, PBZ-1 and PBZ-2 significantly improved the pod number of per plant, which is positive related to the pod yield. The pod yield on average of two test points increased by 17.94% of PBZ-1, and 12.74% of PBZ-2 compared with CK, respectively. Spraying PBZ at different stages reduced the content of protein total amino acid and the relative content of linoleic acid, but significantly increased the fat content, the relative content of oleic acid and O/L. It is obvious that more significant difference was induced by earlier controlled. In conclusion, for high-yield peanut cultivation, which is mainly used for oil, under the premise of ensuring adequate nutritional organ construction, the earlier chemical control, the more remarkable of the increase of pod yield, and also the kernel quality. This study provided theoretical and technical support for high yield and high quality production of peanut.
  • CHANG Lijuan, LIU Wenjuan, ZHANG Fuli
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2225-2231. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2225
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    This study was conducted to investigate effects of glyphosate stress on physiological characteristics and photosystem Ⅱ (PSII) protein level in genetically modified soybean GTS 40-3-2 seedlings under severe drought condition. To achieve this objective, a pot experiment was carried out in growth chamber to determine the response of V3 stage of genetically modified soybean treated with severe drought stress and different concentrations of glyphosate. Severe drought treatment increased the Electrolyte leakage(EL), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) activities, and decreased relative water content(RWC), chlorophyll content, and Catalase (CAT) activity. The EL, SOD and POD activities were significantly increased under severe drought and glyphosate treatments, which were related to glyphosate concentrations. The chlorophyll content was decreased, which was also related to glyphosate concentrations. But the RWC and CAT activity were not affected by glyphosate concentrations. Western blot displayed PSⅡ protein Lhcb2 was not affected by stress conditions and stably expressed. D1, D2 and Lhcb4 protein level decreased, and there was no significant change of Lhcb1 expression under severe drought stress. The protein level of D1, D2, Lhcb1 and Lhcb4 decreased with glyphosate concentrations under severe drought and glyphosate stress. When the glyphosate concentrations were 0.92 and 1.84 kg.ai.hm-2, the protein level of D1, D2 and Lhcb4 were slightly higher than those in severe drought stress. When the glyphosate concentrations were 3.68 and 7.36 kg.ai.hm-2, the protein level of D1, D2, Lhcb1 and Lhcb4 decreased sharply. This research provides theoretical basis for cultivation of genetically modified soybean.

  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • REN Zhiguang, YANG Lijun, GONG Zhixiang, HUANG Haitang, XU Zicheng, LEI Wei, ZHANG Sen, CHEN Zheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2232-2239. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2232
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    In order to explore the effects of interaction between gibberellin and potassium on physiological indexes and chemical components of upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco, the tobacco leaves were sprayed gibberellin and top dressed potassium on the day of topping, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of interaction of gibberellin and potassium on the leaf area, antioxidant enzymes activity, carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes activity and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the interaction between gibberellin and potassium could significantly promote the development of the upper leaves, and the effect of gibberellin was more obvious compared with potassium. The activity of SOD and POD in different treatments was basically the same with the extension of the growth period. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly higher than CK, which indicated that the interaction between the gibberellin and potassium was effective to enhance the resistance and anti-aging ability. It was beneficial to the better growth and maturity of tobacco leaves. The activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in tobacco leaves was always higher than CK. The changes of enzymes activity were consistent at different periods, which indicated that the interaction between them could enhance the carbon and nitrogen metabolism intensity and conduct the generation of tobacco inner quality. The interaction between gibberellin and potassium could increase the potassium content, potassium and chlorine ratio and reduce the nicotine, chlorine content, which coordinated the chemical composition and improved the quality of tobacco leaves.Compared with the lower level of gibberellin-potassium interaction, the interaction of higher level had more significant effect on the physiological activity and quality of tobacco. The effect of T4 (20 mg·kg-1 GA3+10 kg K2SO4·666.7 m-2) on the development of leaf, antioxidant enzymes, carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality were the best. The results provided a theoretical basis for the production and regulation of the upper leaves of high quality flue-cured tobacco.
  • MA Li
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2240-2247. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2240
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    In order to explore the response of soil organic carbon and soil respiration to different ages and the ecological benefits of soil carbon cycle in pear orchards, the soil pH value, soil respiration rate, soil organic carbon of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers and soil carbon flux of six pear orchards (3, 5, 10, 22, 53 and 89 a) in pear orchard were determined, and then soil organic carbon stocks and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon in pear orchard in eastern Henan showed a decreasing trend with the increase of tree age. Among them, the young pear orchards (3 a and 5 a) were 22.2%-37.8% and 48.4%-75.4% higher than the strong ones (10 a and 22 a) and the older ones (53 a and 89 a), respectively. The content of soil organic carbon decreased with the increase of soil depth in the same age pear orchard. The average contents of all pear orchards in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers were 8.10, 5.92 and 4.44 g·kg-1, respectively. The total content and density of soil organic carbon decreased gradually with the increase of tree age. The average content of soil organic carbon and the total soil organic carbon in 3 a pear orchards were 4.55 g·kg-1 and 3.86 kg·m-2, and were 12.9%-75.4% and 8.4%-57.6% higher than the other pear orchards, respectively. The soil pH value decreased with the increase of tree age. The soil pH value in the same age pear orchard showed that the upper layers were higher than the lower ones, and was weakly alkaline. The soil respiration of pear orchard at all ages showed a trend of single peak curve with obvious seasonal characteristics. Correlation analysis showed that the CO2 flux on the soil surface decreased with the increase of tree age, fluctuating from 736.65 to 1 055.98 g·m-2·a-1 and significant positively correlated with soil organic carbon density. In pear ecosystem, the seasonal variation of soil respiration rate was obvious. With the increase of tree age, soil bulk density increased and soil porosity decreased. The annual soil CO2 flux was positively correlated with soil organic carbon density, and it was highest positively correlated with soil organic carbon density in 0-60 cm soil layer. The total soil organic carbon content and density decreased with ages. Therefore, the organic nutrition supply of the aged pear orchard should be increased and the aged pear orchard should be properly updated. These findings provided a reference for evaluating the soil carbon sequestration and scientific management in the pear orchard ecosystem.
  • JIN Yanbo, GUO Fengxia, CHEN Yuan, GUO Yiqing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2248-2257. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2248
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    In order to explore the cultivated soil resources suitable for nursing Angelica sinensis seedlings in the real local area in Min county of Gansu province based on culturing wheat, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and potato residues, a pot experiment was adopted to study effect of rhizosphere soil of three crops on the Angelica seeds germination and seedlings growth. The results showed that water extract from the wheat rhizosphere soil showed promotion effect at low concentrations but inhibition at higher concentrations, while the water extract from the Astragalus and potato rhizosphere soil all showed inhibitory effect and the former exhibited much stronger; the sensitive spots of allelopathic effect existed in roots, for the water extract from the three kinds of crop rhizosphere soils inhibited the Angelica roots in diameter growth. However, the allelopathic effect on the seedling root elongation growth varies with the crops, among which the wheat rhizosphere soil showed promoted effect at low concentrations while the rest two crop soils all showed inhibitory effect; the SOD and POD activities in Angelica seedlings reached the highest but the CAT activities were relatively low under the concentration of 0.2 g·mL-1 wheat rhizosphere soil water extract, which were significantly higher than that of the Astragalus and the potato rhizosphere soils, maintaining amino acids leakage rate at a low level. When the soil concentration was up to 0.8 g·mL-1, the CAT activity showed relative high under the three kinds of crops soils, but exhibited higher leakage rate in the amino acid, suggesting that the low concentration of wheat rhizosphere soils could promote the Angelica seeds germination and the seedlings growth, building the biochemical basis for the Angelica seedlings resistance, and showing that the main crop of wheat residue is suitable nursey soil resources to cultivate the Angelica seedlings in Min county. This study provided a scientific basis for making reasonable crop rotation system in cultivating the A. sinensis.
  • CHEN Yu, YANG Zhengming, SHI Feng, ZHANG Yaqin, DOU Mingming, LEI Feiyi, LIU Zhendong, CHEN Xingfu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2258-2266. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2258
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    In order to explore the effect of different ratios of zinc, boron and molybdenum trace element fertilizer on the content of yield and total alkaloid of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. a field experiment was carried out by a composite quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design of three factors and five levels. Combined with lab experimental analysis, we established the mathematical function models of weight gain rate and the total alkaloid content of Fritillaria wabuensis unibracteata var. with the application rate of zinc (X1), boron (X2) and molybdenum (X3), respectively. The results showed that both the established regression equation reached at significant level. According to the mathematical regression model optimization. The weight gain rate was over 113.75% when the fertilizer application rates were as follows: 8.21~11.49 kg·hm-2 zinc fertilizer, 10.86~16.42 kg·hm-2 boron fertilizer, 0.47~0.66 kg·hm-2 molybdenum fertilizer. Additionally, the content of the total alkaloid increased to over 0.43% when the zinc fertilizer boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer were applied 7.30~12.40 kg·hm-2, 11.14~16.14 kg·hm-2 and 0.31~0.51 kg·hm-2, respectively. In conclusion, it should be based on the soil fertility to use the appropriate ratio of trace element fertilizer in the production of fritillaria wabuensis. This study provided a theoretical basis for improving the yield and total alkaloid content of fritillaria wabuensis by using the corresponding fertilization measures in the process of production.
  • QIAN Guimin, QI Lili, FAN Zheyu
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2267-2273. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2267
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    To explore effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on rat intestinal microbiota structure and clarify the relations of chenodeoxycholic acid, intestinal microbiota and gut functions, intestinal cholic acid lacking rat model was established by bile duct ligation, the model rats were gavaged with cholic acid for 7 days with collecting the colon tissue and extracting total protein. Intestinal morphology was observed by HE staining. ELISA and Western Blot were performed to determine the expression levels of inflammatory factors and NF-κBp50/p65. High-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the change of intestinal microbiota structure. These studies were conducted to reveal the mechanism by which chenodeoxycholic acid affects intestinal microbiota and intestinal functions. The results showed chenodeoxycholic acid significantly reduced the quantities of Clostridiaceae, Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, down-regulated the expression levels of NF-κB p50/p65, repressed the NF-κB pathway, and attenuate the expression level of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β,which were beneficial to the normal functions of the rat gut. In conclusion, chenodeoxycholic acid could change the intestinal microbiota structure and affect gut functions. This study will supply a theoretical basis for revealing the more important physiological functions of cholic acid and intestinal microbiota.
  • ZHANG Jingting, ZHANG Lihua, LYU Lihua, DONG Zhiqiang, YAO Yanrong, JIN Xinxin, YAO Haipo, JIA Xiuling
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2274-2280. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2274
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    As one of the most effective utilization ways of crop straw, straw returning can significantly increase crop yield and promote resource recycling and sustainable agricultural development. The rapid decomposition of straw returned to the field played a critical role in improving topsoil quality and increasing soil fertility. The objective of this study was to summarize the characteristics of crop straw decomposition and mineral nutrient release after straw returning to the field. The related factors which could have profound influences on straw decomposition and nutrients release were also discussed. These factors mainly consisted of crop species, straw C∶N value, exogenous nitrogen application, straw returning methods, biodegradation agents and the soil environment condition, etc. Finally, the paper put forward the prospect on how to realize the efficient utilization of straw resources in the new production condition. The study provided a scientific and systematic straw returning program for crop production, and provided a theoretical basis for accelerating the decomposition of straw and releasing and reusing nutrients.
  • JI Haiyang, WANG Yuying, LIU Yuxue, LYU Haohao, HE Lili, YANG Shengmao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(11): 2281-2287. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.11.2281
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    Biochar has been widely used in soil improvement, pollutant removal, carbon sequestration and mitigation because of its wide source of materials, large specific surface area, well developed pores, rich carbon, rich surface functional groups, etc. In recent years, biochar has been found that the physical, chemical or biological modification of biochar will intensify the functions of biochar, and be more favorable to the efficient utilization of biochar. This paper reviews the preparation, physical and chemical properties analysis, and the application of biochar and modified biochar in soil, water, and atmosphere. The problems existing in the utilization of biochar are analyzed objectively by comparing the properties of biochar before and after modification. It will provide a certain theoretical basis for the reasonable preparation and application of biochar and modified biochar.