10 August 2018, Volume 32 Issue 8
    

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    Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • ZHANG Yahui, ZHOU Liping, WANG Shuzhen, MAO Bizeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1457-1465. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1457
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    In order to expand the methods of strawberry breeding, used strawberry cultivar Benihoppe as the experimental materials and explored the methods of radiation mutation combined with tissue culture breeding technology. The leaves callus of Benihoppe were treated with different irradiation dose of 60Co\|γ rays, and the high\|quality mutant strawberry line 2010-30 was obtained by directional screening. The agronomic traits, nutritional quality, stigma receptivity and anther viability of Benihoppe and 2010-30 were compared. The results showed that the optimum irradiation dose was 20 Gy. 2010-30 exhibited higher contents of vitamin C (0.663 mg·g-1) and soluble solid (11.65%) and higher fruit hardness (571.71g). The stigma receptivity of 2010-30 was higher than Benihoppe. The pollen abortion rate of 2010-30 was lower than that of Benihoppe. The mutant strain 2010-30 obtained by 60Co-γ irradiation can be used as a new germplasm resources for strawberry breeding, and it can be applied in production. The result provides a technical reference and theoretical basis for increasing genetic variation, creating new germplasm materials, breeding new varieties and exploring breeding technology by combining radiation mutagenesis in connection with tissue culture on strawberry.
  • ZHAO Dongxiao, DU Jianxun, DONG Yaru, SUN Jingshi, LIANG Xiaoyan, WANG Xiangyu, SHI Xinqin, GUO Hong′en
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1466-1476. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1466
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    To explore the effects of atmospheric temperature plasma (ARTP) treatment on salt tolerance of oil flax, 2 varieties of oil flax(Tian Ya 10 and Long Ya 13)were used as materials in this experiment. ARTP was used to irradiate flax seeds for different times (0, 10, 20, 30 min). Based on the treatment, the germination index, seedling growth index, chlorophyll (chl) and carotenoid content, leaf membrane permeability, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity under salt stress with different concentrations of NaCl (0,85,170 mmol·L-1) were determined, and the influence of ARTP on seed germination and seedling growth of oil flax under salt stress were analyzed. The results showed that the effects of ARTP irradiation on two oil flax varieties were different. ARTP treatment improved germination and seedling growth of Tian Ya 10 under salt stress, which showed the decrease of membrane permeability, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, MDA content and the increase of SOD, POD, CAT activity and soluble protein content. After treated by ARTP for 10min under the stress condition of 170 mmol· L-1 NaCl stress, the germination rate of Tian Ya 10 increased 90.27%, while the germination and seedling growth of Long Ya 13 was reduced, showing the increase of membrane permeability, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, MDA content and decrease of SOD, POD, CAT activity and soluble protein content. After treated by ARTP for 30 min under 170 mmol· L-1 NaCl stress, the germination rate of Long Ya 13 declined by 17.60%. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for oil flax breeding and artificial cultivation of saline alkali land.
  • WU Aiting, SONG Jiayu, HU Tao, LIU Sitong, GAO Jiping, HUANG Lixiang, GAO Yinlong, ZHAO Minghui
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1477-1482. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1477
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    In order to mine and utilize excellent cold tolerance genes from the super rice Shennong 265 (SN265) and find out cold tolerance QTLs with stably expression and great contribution at seedling stage under different genetic backgrounds, two sets of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of the SN265 (japonica)/Qishanzhan (indica) and SN265/IR30(indica), were applied to evaluate cold tolerance at the seedling stage with the ratio of dead seedlings under low-temperature treatment. Using genetic linkage map of two sets of populations and complete interval mapping method, we identified 4 main effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cold tolerance at seedling stage and the additive effect were contributed by SN265. There were two QTLs qCTS-5.1 and qCTS-6 on chromosome 5 and chromosome 6, detected in S1 populations with contribution rate 47.59% and 22.47%, respectively. And LOD value is 6.54 and 4.88, respectively. In S2 populations, two QTLs for cold tolerance (qCTS-5.2 and qCTS-7) were detected on chromosome 5 and Chromosome 6, explaining 22.62% and 38.48% of phenotypic variances, respectively. The LOD value is 10.00 and 9.81, respectively. Two sites qCTS-5.1 and qCTS-5.2 on chromosome 5 detected in S1and S2 populations, respectively, coincided with each other the result suggested that it can express steadily under different genetic backgrounds. The results are significant for further fine mapping and cloning the main effect QTLs for cold tolerance at seedling stage.
  • ZHAO Wei, GAO Meiying, LUO Yaoxing, HAN Kai, WANG Jingbo, YANG Zhongyi, JI Wei
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1483-1491. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1483
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    To confirm the suitable conditions for field identification of the grape powdery mildew, and screen effective molecular marker probe for powdery mildew resistance in grape, 8 cultivated grape varieties (Zaoheibao, QiuhongBao, Wanheibao, Jinghongbao, Wuhe Cuibao, Lihongbao, Summer Black, Crimson Seedless) and 2 wild grape varieties (Hejin -1 and Beibinghong) were selected as study materials. By setting different temperature gradient (4, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36℃), the grape leaves were infected by artificial living body of powdery mildew fungus. The agar glass slide method was used to germinate and culture the spores of powdery mildew fungus. And then the germination and infection dynamics were observed. Field natural identification and seedling stage molecular markers (grape powdery mildew resistant RAPD marker OPW02-1756, SCAR marker SCO11-914) were combined to classify and compare the resistance among the 10 grape varieties. The results showed that the optimum temperature of grape powdery mildew spore germination was 32℃. Beibinghong and Hejin-1 were highly resistant varieties (HR). Qiuhongbao and Wanheibao were part of the high sensitive varieties (HS). The others were medium resistant varieties (MR). Moreover, grape powdery mildew resistant RAPD markers OPW02-1756 was applicable for the detection of powdery mildew resistance on Qiuhongbao, Zaoheibao, Wanheibao, Jinghongbao, Lihongbao, Wuhe Cuibao, Summer Black, Crimson Seedless and Hejin -1 but inapplicable for Beibinghong. As for grape powdery mildew resistant SCAR markers SCO11-914, it was applicable for the detection of powdery mildew resistance on Beibinghong and Hejin -1, but inapplicable for Qiuhongbao, Zaoheibao, Wanheibao, Jinghongbao, Lihongbao, Wuhe Cuibao, Summer Black and Crimson Seedless. Both of them were applicable for Hejin-1 grape. The results provide some material and theoretical fundations for grape powdery mildew resistance breeding and hybrids identification.
  • LIU Baoling, SUN Yan, HAO Qingting, ZHANG Li, XUE Jin′ai, JIA Xiaoyun, LI Runzhi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1492-1501. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1492
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    MLO, a plant-specific disease resistance gene family, was also found to play important roles in responses to abiotic stress. To explore their functions in foxtail genome, 12 SiMLO genes were identified through bioinformatics. The characterization of protein structure, sub-cellular location, phylogeny, conservative amino acid residues and gene expression were systematically analyzed.Structural analysis revealed that these proteins have one conserved MLO domain and multiple transmembrane domains, and conserved residues and motifs are also existed in these proteins. The majority of SiMLO proteins are located in plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis of MLO genes from foxtail and other species divided them into seven clades (Ⅰ~Ⅶ). All members from clade Ⅶ specifically belong to the family of Gramineae, suggesting that there exists a separate evolution process among these genes. SiMLO10 grouped into clade Ⅳ comtaining powdery mildrew resistance genes, show this gene with potential function in disease resistance. All known functional MLO genes from monocots and dicots were classed into clades Ⅳ and Ⅴ, respectively, indicating that the divergence of monocots and dicots preceded the formation of MLO function. Foxtail millet RNA-seq data unraveled that MLO genes have distinct expression patters in different tissues, suggesting these genes probably have distinct functions. These results will lay a foundation for further understanding the evolution,functions of MLO genes, as well as breeding new foxtail millet varieties resistant to powdery mildew disease.

  • Induced Mutations for Plant Breeding·Agricultural Biotechnology
  • ZHU Haisheng, KANG Juan, LIU Jianting, CHEN Mindong, LI Yongping, WANG Bin, LIN Biying, WEN Qingfang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1502-1512. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1502
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    Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is one of the major enzymes involved in the oxidation of phenols and plays an important role in the browning of fruits and vegetables. In order to investigate the function of PPO gene family in Luffa (Luffa cylindrical), the cDNA sequences of PPO genes from MinSi-3 luffa fruit were obtained by transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR in this study. And a total of three cDNAs of PPO geneswere cloned, which were named as LcPPO1 (Genank accession number: KM506756), LcPPO2 (Genank accession number: KR819890) and LcPPO3 (Genank accession number: KX092429) respectively. The LcPPO1, LcPPO2 and LcPPO3 gene was 2 026 bp, 2 071 bp and 2 189 bp in length and contained a 1 794, 1 722, 1 779 bp opening reading frame (ORF) encoding 598, 574 and 593 amino acids, respectively. All three genes had no introns, and their econded proteins were highly similar to the homologous proteins from Cucumis melo and Cucumis sativus. Bioinformatics analysis showed that they three were hydrophilic stable protein, with no signal peptides and no transmembrane domain. Wolf Psort predicted that their subcellular localization were in the chloroplast.. LcPPO had typical characteristics of PPO protein, holding two domains PPO1-DWL, PPO1-KFDV and a tyrosinase central domain which can bind two copper ions (i.e., CuA and CuB). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis revealed that three LcPPO genes all can be expressed in different luffa tissues (i.e., roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits). During post-harvest storage of luffa, the expression of three LcPPO genes was up-regulated in the early and the expression level was inhibited at the later stage; In fresh-cut luffa, the expression of LcPPO1 and LcPPO2 was up-regulated in the early and then decreased, and the expression of LcPPO3 was lower than that at the point of picking (0 h). The expression of LcPPO family genes, PPO activities and total phenolics were closely related to the browning of luffa fresh-cut and post-harvest storage, in which LcPPO1 and LcPPO2 may play an important role in luffa browning process. The results of this study laid a certain theoretical foundation for further revealing the mechanism of luffa browning and genetic improvement of luffa varieties.
  • WANG Siyu, FU Ying, ZHOU Mingbing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1513-1527. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1513
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    In order to analysis the structure, evolution pattern, and expression pattern of Phyllostachys edulis NF-Y family genes, in this study, 33 NF-Y family genes were identified in Phyllostachys edulis by blast (basic local alignment search tool) with Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana NF-Y protein sequences as query. All 33 members are divided into three subfamilies, PhNF-YA, PhNF-YB and PhNF-YC by reference to the characteristics of three NF-Y subfamily sequences. The phylogenetic trees constructed by NF-Y family members of Ph. edulis, Brachypodium distachyon, Setaria italica, O. sativa and A. thaliana, show that NF-Y family members of Ph. edulis have different evolution trends. PhNF-YB and PhNF-YC subfamily are more conservative in evolution, compared with PhNF-YA subfamily. And PhNF-YA subfamily may be amplified, while in PhNF-YB and PhNF-YC subfamily members may be lost. Transcription sequencing data of seven tissues of Ph. edulis was downloaded and analyzed using Cufflinks software. The results show that some NF-Y family genes are expressed in all seven tissues, e. g. PhNF-YA7,PhNF-YA3 and PhNF-YB8 were expressed in the roots, stems and leaves; and others were expressed in specific organs e. g. PhNF-YA1, PhNF-Y2, PhNF-YA4 and PhNF-YA10 were expressed only in the roots. In order to analyze the contribution of NF-Y family genes to bamboo shoot development, the mRNA from different Ph. edulis shoot internode tissues were extracted and RT-qPCR results showed that the Ph. edulis NF-Y family genes were diversely expressed in different internode tissues. All in all, we systematically investigated the structure of NF-Y family genes of Ph. edulis, phylogenetic relationship and the expression pattern of these genes, which lays a base for the comprehensive study of Ph. edulis NF-Y family gene function in the future.
  • WANG Yi, ZHENG Kai, YU Yuehua, LIANG Chengjuan, CAI Yongsheng, CHEN Quanjia, QU Yanying, NI Zhiyong
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1528-1535. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1528
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    To explove the function of gene GbTCP10 in fiber development of cotton, this study selected catton variety xinhaizl as experimental materials and got a GbTCP10 gene in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) by coloning. Analyzed the expression of GbTCP10 in the differentdevelopment stages of cotton′s fiber with RT\|PCR, and conduct the transcriptional activation ability assay was analyzed by yeast one hybridization system. Results showed GbTCP10 was highly homologous with other plant TCP protein, had a higher expression level in fiber of 5 days after anthesis. And the GbTCP10 transcription factor had not transcriptional activation function. GbTCP10 is a inhibit factor and may be involved in regulating the cotton fiber development. These results provide basis for digging the mechanisms of cotton fiber developments.
  • ZHANG Ning, LI Dongdong, CHEN Yangsong, REN Mengmeng, WANG Rui, ZHANG Lingxiao, ZHENG Jun
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1536-1542. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1536
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    To explore the genetic regulatory mechanism of maize salt tolerance during seedling stage, In this study, preliminary population of 200 F2∶3 families constructed by crossing a salt-tolerant tropical inbred line CML298 and a salt sensitive temperate inbred line Zong31 was used to as experimental materials. The corresponding genotype data were acquired using the Illumina Maize 6K chip and seedling height rate(SHR), seedling height difference (SHD), seedling fresh weight rate(SFWR) and seedling fresh weight difference (SFWD) before and after salt stress treatment at seedling stage were also collected, which were regarded as salt tolerance indicators of corn seedling stage. The result showed that, 2 QTLs named with qSHR4 and qSHR8, which could explain 7.07% and 9.40% phenotypic variation; 2 QTLs named with qSHD4 and qSHD8, which could explain 7.87% and 9.2% phenotypic variation; 3 QTLs named with qSFWR3-1、qSFWR3-2 and qSFWR9,which could explain 6.15%, 11.14% and 6.27% phenotypic variation. QTLs that were related to SHR and SHD were located in the position of 129 cM on chromosome 4 and 8 cM on chromosome 8. The detection of these QTLs in maize seedling stage laid an theoretical foundation of genes cloning associated with salt tolerance.
  • Food Irradiation·Food Science
  • HU Xiaoliang, WANG Yifen, LI Yulin, WANG Xichang, SHEN Jian
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1543-1548. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1543
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    To obtain the dielectric properties of the Pollock surimi in the process of heat at low temperature and low frequency, the dielectric constant and loss factor of Pollock surimi were determined by the open ended coaxial-line probe method at the frequency range from 2.1 to 1000 MHz and temperature from -18℃ to 18℃. The results showed that the dielectric constant of Pollock surimi decreased with an increase of the frequency. The dielectric constant changed quadrially while with a temperature increase: first increased and then decreased. The loss factor decreased with the increase of frequency. The loss factor of frequency at 27.1 MHz was much higher than that at 915 MHz.The penetration depth of frequency at 27.1 MHz was much higher than that at 915 MHz. Thus, microwave has the limitation of low penetration. Radio frequency is more suitable than microwave to temper large materials.This research provides an effective technical method for the application of radio frequency for tempering of Pollock surimi.
  • LI Shengsheng, JIN Yichao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1549-1555. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1549
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    The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality and shelf life of yak meat under different static transport temperature. Drip loss, cooking loss, color, shear force, total volatile basic nitrogen, and total bacterial count of yak meat were measured in scheduled time after they were static transport at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12℃ after 4 hours, respectively. At the same time, the correlation between temperature, storage time and different indexes associated quality were also investigated. The results showed that with the increasing of transport temperature, drip loss, cooking loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, and total bacterial count of yak meat significantly increased (P<0.05), while shear force of yak meat significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the color of yak meat had no significant changes(P>0.05). With the extension of storage time, drip loss, cooking loss, L* value, total volatile basic nitrogen, and total bacterial count of yak meat significantly increased (P<0.05), while a* value and shear force of yak meat significantly decreased (P<0.05). The shelf life of yak meat were about 8 days, 8 days, 6 days, 4 days, 2 days, after static transport for 4 hours at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12℃, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that there were significantly positive correlations between transport temperature, storage time and drip loss, cooking loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, total bacterial count (P<0.05), significantly negative correlation between transport temperature, storage time and shear force (P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient showed that the storage time had larger effect on the quality of yak meat than transport temperature. In summary, the yak meat quality decreased with the transport temperature increasing and the extension of storage time, but yak meat quality would be maintained by transport at 4~6℃. This study provide the oretical basis and technical support for temperature control of yak meat transportation.
  • ZHANG Tao, FAN Chengkai, YANG Yong, YING Nanjiao
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1556-1561. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1556
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    In order to explore the practical application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in industrial production after high voltage pulse treatment, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as material to investigate the effect of high voltage pulsed electric field(PEF) treatment on yeast activity and lethal. The suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subjected to PEF treatment, where the field intensity was the only variable and other influencing factors (pulse width, frequency, time of action, number of pulses, etc.) were kept constant. The survival rate, the concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the change of yeast activity after PEF treatment were measured. The results showed that the proportion of yeast cell deathwere positively correlated with the electric field intensity, and the ratio of yeast cells with non-specific lactone activity increased were nagative correlation with electric field intensity was the range of 1~30 kV·cm-1. When the electric field intensity was low, the ratio of yeast with non-specific lactone activity increased was higher than that the ratio of dead yeast cells. When the electric field intensity was greater than 10 kV·cm-1, the ratio of dead yeast cells was higher than those non-specific lactone activity increased yeast cells.The proportion of sub-lethal yeast cells in PEF treatment reached a maximum at 10 kV·cm-1. Low-electric-field PEF treatment can improve the activity of yeast cells and the ability of fermentation, at the same time, the ratio of yeast death was low; while high-energy PEF treatment had the inactivation effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results of this study have significance for the industrial application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • ZHOU Meiqi, ZHOU Qide, TIAN Saiying, ZHOU Yuefei, ZHAO Jinlan, YE Zihong, CUI Haifeng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1562-1571. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1562
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    Pickling with low salt content of 2.5% and returning to brine salting, this study investigated the qualities of preserved B.junce among different cultivators of B. junce, including product yield of pickling, salinity, contents of nitrite and amino acid, etc. The nitrite contents of preserved B.junce were reduced obviously with low salting, especially in Yongxue 3 with content of 1.89 mg·kg-1. There were no nitrite content detected in preserved B.junce after treated with high temperature picking. High contents of amino acid were detected in preserved B.junce with contents from 147.8 to 183.8mg·kg-1 in low salting, which were higher than those in high salting. Besides, there were higher contents of flavor amino acid in preserved B.junce by pickling with low salt than with high salt. Based on the yield analysis of cultivation and pickling of B.junce, it was found that the abilities of tilling and ratio of stem-leaf in B.junce played an important role in the yield. The higher abilities of tilling and higher ratio of stem-leaf, the higher yield of preserved B.junce. The cultivators of B.junce were also related to the contents of soluble sugar, crude protein and crude fiber in preserved B.junce. Thus the preserved B.junce with high efficiency, high quality and safe production should be obtained by pickling with low salt and appropriate cultivators of B.junce. This research would provide a technical reference for the preserved B.junce with low salting and returning to brine salting.
  • ZHANG Xin, WU Xinyi, TU Mengting, JIN Qingxin, SUN Chenru, ZHANG Youzuo, XU Guangzhi
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1572-1579. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1572
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    In order to study the effects of ultrafine grinding process on the functional components content and antioxidant activity of defatted gardenia fruit powder, five defatted gardenia fruit powders with five different particle sizes were prepared, including three ultrafine powders and two conventional powders. The content of total flavonoids, total iridoids and carotenoids and antioxidant activity of the five powders were determined and compared.All the five powders contained a certain amount of flavonoids, iridoids and carotenoids, exhibited antioxidant activities. The three functional components content and antioxidant activity of the five powders were significantly different, and content of each component were significantly higher than those of conventional powders, with better antioxidant activity of ultrafine powders. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the five powders was negatively correlated with the particle size, but it was positively correlated with the three functional components content. The content of total flavonoids, total iridoids and carotenoids in ultrafine powder Ⅲ (with the smallest particle size), were 15.85 mg RE·g-1, 170.49 mgGE·g-1, and 17.46 mg BCE·g-1, which were 31.97%, 72.89% and 76.01% higher than those of ordinary powder. The three functional components content and antioxidant activity of ultrafine powder Ⅲ were all higher than those of other four powders. The data indicated that ultrafine grinding process could improve the functional components dissolution and enhance the antioxidant activity of defatted gardenia fruit powder. Thus, ultrafine grinding process could be used as a pre-treatment method for functional products development of the defatted gardenia fruit powder. This study provided a theoretical basis for the processing of defatted gardenia fruit powder and its development as health-care products and natural antioxidants.
  • LIU Yueping, LYU Shuxia, LI Xuetong, LIN Ying
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1580-1587. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1580
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    To establish an effective detection method for liveVibrio parahaemolyticus and trh-virulence, primers targeting the Vibrio parahaemolyticus species specific gene tlh and virulent factor gene trh were designed, duplex PCR combined with Ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA) were used to identify the live Vibrio parahaemolyticus as well as trh-virulence. Our results show that the detection method is specific and sensitive. In 2.0×108 CFU·mL-1Vibrio parahaemolyticus with EMA at 1.0 ~ 8.0 μg·mL-1, 20 min EMA activation inhibited the duplex PCR amplification from the dead virulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA but not inhibit the duplex PCR amplification from the live Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA, thus this method can be used to detect the live Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In conclusion, the method that can specifically and effectively detect the live Vibrio parahaemolyticus as well as trh-virulence was established, which provides valuable information for the food examination.
  • ZHANG Jie, YANG Xijuan, DANG Bin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1588-1596. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1588
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    In order to obtain and improve the quality of a starter from Tibetan kefir, 2 Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (R1、R5), One Kazachstania unispora were taken (J7)from Tibetan kefir, and commercial strains (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus) wereused to explore the change on the indexes of exopolysaccharide content and DPPH· clearance rate, and then the optimum fermentation conditions of the compound starter were determined. Fermentation characteristics and rheological properties of the compound starter and commercial starter were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions of compound starter were as follows: inoculation amount of 7%, the proportion strain of 1∶3, temperature of 43℃, time of 6 h. Under these conditions, the exopolysaccharide content reached 3 521.48±83.13 mg·L-1 and DPPH· clearance rate was 18.62%±0.68%. Fermentation characteristics showed that the obtained compound starter had better acid production capacity, organization status and flavor when compared to the fermented milk from the commercial starter. Rheological results confirmed that fermented milks from two types of starters possessed the typical characteristics of positive thixotropic fluid and both showed high apparent viscosity. The thixotropic loop area of fermented milk of compound starter and commercial starter was2 178.60 Pa·s-1 and 3 531.90 Pa·s-1, respectively, which illustrated that the fermented milk from the compound starter had stronger ability of structural resilience; the G′ values of two fermented milks were higher than the G″ values which showed their similar solid properties, and the fermented milk of compound starter had a higher viscosity and elasticity. This study could be a good reference for the development and utilization of Tibetan kefir milk.
  • SUN Meng WANG Hongfei, WANG Kaikai, LI Yanxia, XU Feng, WEI Yingying, SHAO Xingfeng, LI Hesheng
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1597-1602. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1597
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    The effect of total flavonoids from Moringa Oleifera Leaves(FMOL)on the body weight, serum lipid and liver of mice induced by high-fat diet were investigated. Totally 60 male mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group, high-fat control group, positive control group (Simvastatin),high-dose FMOL group, middle-dose FMOL group, and low-dose FMOL group. Mice in normal chow group were fed with normal diet, while the other of mice was fed with high-fat diet for five weeks. The related indexes and morphological changes in liver of mice were observed. The results show that FMOL could prevent the obesity induced by high-fat diet and reduce the liver coefficient. The serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and arteriosclerosis index(AI)levels were also reduced. Furthermore, aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels of FMOL treatment group were decreased. In addition, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice were improved. The research provides a scientific theoretical basis for further development of FMOL.
  • Isotope Tracer Technique·Ecology & Environment·Physiology
  • CHENG Huihuang, YI Zhenbo, ZENG Yongjun, ZHENG Houliang, SHANG Qingyin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1603-1610. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1603
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    This experiment was conducted to study the lodging resistance of various super hybrid rice varieties such as the super hybrid rice (LYPJ, YLY1, YLY2, YLY900 and CY1000). Current study aimed to examine the effect of rice cultivar and lodging resistance under different levels of fertilizer in the field. Results demonstrated that apparent lodging rate of both rice varieties e.g. LYPJ and YLY1 was increased when the nitrogen was more than 210kg·hm-1. With increase in fertilization level up to 390 kg·hm-1, the YLY2 showed lodging and the lodging rate was 1.3%. YLY900 and CY1000 had not been lodged under different levels of fertilization. With increase in level of fertilization lodging index of each variety increased. Significant positive correlation was noticed between lodging resistance and plant height, whereas lodging resistance was found to be significant negatively correlated with snapping resistance and stem wall. Compared with the LYPJ, YLY1 and YLY2 under different fertilization conditions, the traits such as lodging index and plant height of YLY900 and CY1000 were significantly decreased, but their snapping resistance and breaking moment were increased significantly. Therefore, the characters of YLY900 and CY1000 were found more suitable for their promotion and application in area with higher soil fertility and higher fertilizer level, in order to eliminate the contradiction between high yield and lodging. This study also focused on providing a strong theoretical base for rice lodging-resistant and high-yield cultivation.
  • LI Wu, LI Yan, LI Gaoke, GAO Lei, CHEN Minzhong, LU Jueguang, HU Jianguang, LIU Jianhua
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1611-1618. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1611
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    The purpose of this study was to establish a new method for rapid and nondestructive detection of sweet corn seed vigor (including germination percentage, germination index and vigor index) by using near infrared spectroscopy. Eight sweet corn varieties were used as test materials and the seeds of each variety were divided into 5 sets with total of 40 samples. All samples were oven-dried at 50℃, then one set of the sweet corn seeds of each variety was taken out at 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days after drying for the near infrared spectroscopy detection and investigation of biological index. A quantitative model of maize correlation index was established by using the partial least square regression (PLSR) method. The results showed that the correlation coefficient for calibration (Rc), correlation coefficient for prediction (Rp), correlation coefficient for cross validation (Rcv), root mean square error for calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) and root mean square error for cross validation (RMSECV) were 0.8952, 0.8605, 0.8503, 6.6490, 6.6270, 7.9091 for germination percentage, respectively. The parameters of PLSR model of germination index, Rc, Rp, Rcv, RMSEC, RMSEP and RMSECV were 0.9710, 0.9366, 0.9427, 7.4373, 24.7921 and 10.5003, respectively. The relative parameters of the vigor index were 0.9109, 0.8962, 0.8711, 0.8674, 0.9489 and 1.0393, respectively. The method was simple, fast, accurate and reliable, and was suitable for rapid and nondestructive evaluation of sweet corn germination rate, germination index, vigor index and other seed germination indexes. This study provides a new rapid method for high vigor corn seeds screening with high in the future.
  • YU Tianyi, WANG Chunxiao, LU Ya, ZHANG Sibin, WANG Lili, YU Xiaoxia, LIU Chuanjiang, WANG Caibin
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1619-1626. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1619
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    To investigate the regulating effects of modifiers on habitat of acidified soil and Ca nutrient of peanut plant, this paper studied the influences of 4 modifiers on calcium uptake, utilization and growing development of peanut under acidified soil in field condition. The four modifiters in this study were biochar, lime, silicon\|calcium fertilizer and bio\|organic fertilizer, respectively. And no modifiter treatment was used as contorl. The results showed that, soil total Ca and available Ca under lime, Silicon-Calcium fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer treatments were increased significantly by 17.0%~25.0% and 116.7%~186.8% respectively, compared with control(CK). Ca content of whole plant and Ca accumulation of seed under the 3 modifier treatments mentioned above were 13.5%~22.3% and 179.9%~478.2% greater than those of CK, respectively. However modifiers had no significant effects on Ca accumulation in organs of no economic value. Compared to CK, Ca harvest index and Ca use efficiency under the 3 modifier treatments (LM, SCF, BOF) were increased by 28.6%~78.3% and 51.0~81.7%, respectively. It was indicated that modifiers could significantly improve Ca uptake and utilization of peanut plant. All the 3 modifiers of LM, SCF and BOF could control redundant growth of peanut plant and improve seed development, which mainly manifested as decreasing of dry weight in nutritive organ and peg/shell, and increasing of seed dry weight and sterile grain rate. As a result, the pod yields of the 3 modifiers were 61.3%、42.4% and 49.4% higher than that of CK, respectively. The pod yield was significantly or extremely significantly corrected with soil total and available Ca content, Ca content of plant, Ca accumulation of seed, Ca use efficiency and Ca harvest index. In conclusion, LM, SCF and BOF were more effective modifiers for acidified soil in peanut field. However biochar had no significant effect on the indexes mentioned above, which had slight difference with CK. This study provides an evidence for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of peanut under acidified soil.
  • SHEN Xiao, HUANG Ruimin, GUO Ziqian, XU Junjie, GUO Shengpeng, ZHU Jiaqi, WANG Zhengjia
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1627-1638. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1627
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    In order to explore effects of cadmium stress on the growth and development of pecan seedling, pecan seedling was used as testing material, nutrient solution culture method was adopted and the physiological indexes of pecan seedlings were measured under different concentration of cadmium[0 (CK), 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg·L-1]. The results showed that cadmium stress has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and development of pecan. The inhibitory effect is more obvious with higher concentration of cadmium. With the increase of the cadmium concentration, biomass and root length decreased significantly, which decreased by 40.11% and 56.64% compared with the control group at the concentration of 80 mg·L-1. The cadmium content in roots, stems and leaves of seedlings rose significantly, and reached 5 582 mg·kg-1, 2 235 mg·kg-1, 479 mg·kg-1 at the concentration of 80 mg·L-1. The contents of Mn, Zn, Mg and K in roots and stems were inhibited, but the contents of K and Mg in leaves increased significantly. When the concentration of cadmium was 20 mg·L-1, the activity of POD and CAT in leaves reached the highest level, and increased by 726.62%, 86.47% compared with the control group. At the concentration of 20 mg·L-1, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves dropped dramatically by 81.44%, 81.59% and 75.22% compared with the control group, respectively. And leaf fluorescence parameters- efficiency of primary conversion of light energy (ΦPSII), apparent electron transfer rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (qP) decreased significantly while non-photochemical quenching (qN) increased significantly, and photosynthesis was severely inhibited. To sum up, cadmium stress inhibited the biomass accumulation of pecan seedlings and affected the absorption of elements in roots and stems, and significantly reduced the photosynthesis intensity of leaves, causing serious damage to seedling growth. This study laid the foundation for revealing the cadmium tolerance and cadmium enrichment mechanism of pecan.
  • TANG Chenglin, LUO Fulai, ZHAO Zhi, HANG Ye, WANG Hualei, CHEN Songshu, LIU Hongchang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1639-1648. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1639
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    To study the correlation between the autotoxicity of pinellia ternata decomposed liquid (PTDL) and continuous cropping obstacle and build a reasonable pinellia ternata cropping system, effects of PTDL, on seed germination and seedling growth of 8 crops, were studied using biological test, and qualitative analysis of potential allelochemicals was carried out using GC-MS technology. The results showed that PTDL had an allelopathic inhibiting effect on the 8 subject materials at the species level.The intensity followed the order of romaine lettuce>lettuce>wheat>maize>sorghum>rape>cassia seed>pinellia ternata. Among them, autotoxicity presented a low-promoting and high-inhibiting concentration effect. The concentration of 0.01 g·mL-1 was considered as a critical concentration for significant autotoxicity. The inhibiting effect of PTDL on the other 7 crops was positively correlated with decomposing liquid concentration. Thirty compounds were identified in active components derived from diethyl ether extraction, among which 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, erucamide, diisobutyl phthalate and 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) accounted for 60.35% of the total content and were reported as allelochemicals. It would be one of the important reasons for continuous cropping obstacle of pinellia ternata supposedly. The researching results provided a theoretical basis for alleviating and eliminating continuous cropping obstacle of pinellia ternata.
  • ZHOU Jie, HUANG Tingting, ZHAO Guangwu, HU Jin, WANG Yang
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1649-1655. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1649
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    Chilling stress is one of the most severe threats to agricultural production, especially in seed germination and seedling establishment period. The agricultural losses caused by low temperature are great. Phytohormones play critical roles in alleviating adverse effects of chilling stress in plant production. Salicylic acid (SA) could improve seed chilling tolerance during germination via SA-mediated control of various metabolic processes. However, the basic biochemical or physiological and molecular mechanisms that underpin SA-induced chilling tolerance of seeds remain least discussed. The biosynthesis pathway of SA during seed germination under chilling stress and the potential mechanisms of SA-induced chilling tolerance are reviewed in this paper, and the research thoughts in the future are also put forward.
  • ZHONG Sirong, GONG Siyu, ZHANG Shichuan, CHEN Renxiao, LIU Qiyuan, ZHAI Xiaoqing
    Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(8): 1656-1663. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.08.1656
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    Screening of crop genotypes with strong tolerance to low nitrogen (TLN) and high nitrogen efficiency (HNE) is an effective way to improve nitrogen use efficiency, save mineral resources and reduce environmental pollution. This paper discussed the concepts, screening periods, evaluation indicators of crop tolerance to low nitrogen and nitrogen efficiency, analyzed the similarities and differences between the TLN and HNE. The results showed that the evaluation index and screening period of low nitrogen resistance and nitrogen efficiency was basically similar. Through compared with the different types of nitrogen nutrition division, it was reasonably concluded that different varieties divided into inefficient nonresponder, inefficient responder, efficient nonresponder and efficient responder, which could clearly show the different crop genotypes nitrogen use efficiency situation. Reasonable and comprehensive evaluating the nitrogen utilization in different crop genotypes, strengthen the physiological and molecular biological mechanism of crop low nitrogen tolerance and nitrogen efficiency will make a big impact to crop breeding, cultivation and the development of efficient green agriculture.