10 May 2018, Volume 32 Issue 5
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 833-839. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0833To investigate the biological function of GmAP1.2, the plant expression vector p35S::GmAP1.2:GFP was constructed and transformed into soybean cultivar Tianlong 1 by agrobacterium. Transgenic plants overexpressing the GmAP1.2 were obtained and used to analyze the morphology of plant height, floral organs and leaves. Our research showed that overexpression of GmAP1.2 in soybean induced 31 days earliver flowering, the decreases of plant height and leaf area, and increases of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll contents by 1.43, 1.52 and 1.57 times respectively. However, floral organs of transgenic soybean were normal. The results suggested that GmAP1.2 could play roles in flowering regulation, plant architecture, leaf development and the chlorophyll accumulation in soybean, but not in floral organ development. The outcomes of this study will provide a new theoretical basis and clue for the functional analysis and application of AP1 homologous genes from soybean.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 840-847. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0840To discover new gene resources of leaf color for studying the mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis, the soybean seeds of variety Nannong 99-6 were treated by60Co-γ rays irradiation, and a novel virescent mutant vl-1 with emerging yellowleaveswas identifiedfrom M3 generation. The morphology, chloroplast structure, pigment content and photosynthetic characteristics of mutant vl-1 were investigated, and the inheritance and gene mapping were also studied. Compared with the wild type, the young leaves of mutant vl-1plants showed significant reduction of photosynthetic pigments, and the structure of chloroplast displayed fuzzier grana, looser stroma lamella and more prolamellar body. The mature leaves of mutant vl-1 turned green and there were no significant difference in the photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate between mutant vl-1 and the wild type, but the intercellular CO2 concentration in the mutant was significantly lower than that in the wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutational trait was controlled by a single recessive gene designated as vl1. Using virescent individuals from the F2 population (KF1×vl-1), the target locus vl1 was finally mapped in a 628 kb region on the top of chromosome 8 between SSR marker BARCSOYSSR_08_0037 and BARCSOYSSR_08_0073, containing 76 annotation genes. This study can make a well foundation for further research on genetic base of leaf color in soybean.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 848-855. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0848In order to investigate the molecular biological mechanisms of broccoli microspore embryogenesis, the Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 platform was utilized to analyze and annotate transcriptomes of the microspores, cultured at 32.5℃for 17 h and 24 h and at 25℃ for 0, 1, 6 d in this research. The results showed that a total of 174324 Unigenes were produced, among which 144 194 were annotated in GO、COG、KEGG、NR、Swissprot and Pfam database. The analysis of gene ontology function enrichment revealed that some important biological processes related to microspore embryogenesis, such as cell part, cell and organelle, binding and catalytic activity, metabolic process, cellular process and single-organism process, etc, got significantly enriched. The frequencies of R、L、K、T and O were much higher than others in COG function classification. The results of KEGG pathways enrichment showed that differentially expressed genes produced from microspores after heat shock tended to cluster into the pathway of protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, the pathways of plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and spiceosome, etc. The results laid a good foundation for further study on the physiological and biochemical and molecular mechanisms of broccoli microspore embryogenesis.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 856-863. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0856To explore the molecular mechanism of miR164 and its target genes in response to abiotic stress. In this study, we took Jisang No.3 as test material, treated with NaCl and mannitol, and conducted analysis with bioinformatics, 5'-RACE and RT-qPCR. Three NAC genes (Morus012149, Morus013575 and Morus006482, nameed CUC2, NAC100a and NAC100b) were found to be targets of miR164 in mulberry, which were further confirmed via 5'-RACE, and the cleavage site was between the 10th and 11th base of the complementary sites. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR164 and the target genes in different tissues. The results showed that miR164 exerted biological functions by regulating the expression of CUC2, NAC100a and NAC100b in stem and male flowers. The expression level of miR164 was significant higher in the leaves under low concentration (150 mmol·L-1) of mannitol stress than control. The expression of miR164 was close to control under high concentration (300 mmol·L-1) of mannitol stress. The expression level of miR164 increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. Target genes had different response under different stresses in mulberry. This study can help to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of miR164 regulating NAC in the response to abiotic stress.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 864-874. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0864ZmNAM is a candidate gene identified in the previous study. To investigate its function in maize, ZmNAM was isolated from the sweet corn line “1132” and its variant line “704”. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the cDNA of ZmNAM was 1548 bp and contained a 1302 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a hydrophilic protein with 433 amino acid residues. The ZmNAM protein had a conserved NAC domain in its N-terminal and was also predicted to locate in nucleus and contain nine glycosylation sites as well as 35 phosphorylation sites. Compared with inbreed line 1132, there were differences in nucleotide sequence of non-coding regions and the transcriptional actiration domain of C-terminal in coding region in variant line, which may lead to variation of multiple amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmNAM was a member of NAC transcription factor family belonging to VND subgroup and had a closest genetic relationship with AtVND3 in Arabidopsis. The real-time PCR showed that expression level of ZmNAM in root was higher than that in other organs of maize in different development stages. It suggests that ZmNAM may play an important role in regulating the growth and development of root in maize. Furthermore, the expression level of ZmNAM in variation line 704 was higher than that in inbred line 1132 in most development stages and development organs, especially in root. These results provide a scientific evidence for further elucidating the role of ZmNAM during development of maize.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 875-882. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0875To identify the authenticity of hybrid progeny and elucide the relationship of offsping population in Popular, the technology of sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was used to identify the genetic variations in 7 hybrid offspring of narrow-crowned poplar populations in this study. High primers of 8 pairs of which amplify stable main bands with clear were screened from 110 pairs of SRAP primers. A total of 126 bands were amplified from 7 hybrid progenies, including 118 polymorphic bands and the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 93.65%. Analysis of genetic diversity by PopGen 32 software for 7 hybrid combinations showed that the genetic diversity of the hybrid progeny in the Populus nigra Linn was lower than in Populus alba. The genetic diversity of hybrid offspring which obtained from Populus alba (female) was more abundant than Populus nigra Linn (female). The correlation between the genetic distance and growth of the offspring, morphological and textural properities in 4 hybrids showed that the genetic distance between parents was positively correlated with the seedling height and ground diameter and negatively correlated with the branching angle. 70 hybrid progeny have been proved to be the true hybrids which showed the male parent feature band. This research provides important theoretical basis and technical reference for screening the genetic diversity of poplar hybrids and early identification of hybrid progeny.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 883-891. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0883In order to explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FST gene and growth traits of Larimichthys crocea, an important marine-cultivated fish in China, SNP sites were screened and identified by direct sequencing and high resolution melt (HRM) in this study.The results showed that a total of 19 SNP sites were obtained, among which 2 in exon 1, 8 in exon 2, 7 in exon 3, 1 in exon 4 and 1 in exon 5. However, no SNP site was obtained in the proximal promoter region. At the g.2169A>C site located in exon 4, genotype frequencies of two genotypes AA and CC were 0.968 and 0.032, respectively, and polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.0600. At the g.2998A>G site located in exon 5, genotype frequencies of three genotypes AA, AG and GG were 0.632, 0.300 and 0.068, respectively, and PIC was 0.2828. Both two sites were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The association analysis showed that individuals with genotype CC had higher average values than those individuals with genotype AA in the growth traits (body weight, body length, overall length and body height) at the g.2169A>C site, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). At the g.2998A>G site, the average value of each growth trait was highest in the individuals of genotype AG, and lowest in the individuals with genotypes GG. However, only overall length between the individuals with genotype AG and GG had significant difference (P <0.05). These results imply that the mutations in the coding region of FST gene may have a certain effect on the growth traits in Larimichthys crocea. This result provides the basis for the choice of body shape in the breeding of Larimichthys crocea.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 892-899. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0892To explicit the polymorphism distribution of Wx gene which is the main genes for AC in Zhejiang early indica rice and its influence on AC and RVA, total of 37 early indica rice varieties (lines) were selected as materials to detect the Wx genotype, the amylose content (AC) and RVA profile characteristics, and the effects of different Wx genotypes on AC and RVA profiles in rice and the correlation between AC and RVA were analyzed. The result showed that the AC of Wxa genotype varieties (lines) presented a medium or high level(23.38%~28.93%), while the AC of Wxb genotype varieties (lines) presented a low level(11.61%~17.77%). Meanwhile, Wxin genotype wasn't detected in the 37 materials. The RVA profile characteristics were significant related with Wx genetype, and the RVA profile characteristics differed within variety(line) with different Wx genotype background, the SBV of Wxa genotype was positive while the SBV of Wxb genotype was negative. According to different Wx genotype, the CPV and BDV of each variety (line) distributed into non-overlapping areas. Wxa genotype presented a low BDV and a high CSV; While Wxb genotype presented a high BDV and a low CSV. The correlation of AC and RVA profile characteristics reached extremely significant level when not distinguishing the Wx genotype background, while the correlation of AC and RVA profile characteristics of the variety (line) was not significant within the same Wx genotype. The results can be used to provide a certain strategy to regulate the AC in early indica rice by mediating Wx allelic genes and screen high-quality edible early indica rice based on the RVA profile characteristics.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 900-906. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0900To investigate the effects of electron beam irradiation on soybean quality, we studied electron beam irradiation effects on soybean oil content, protein content, oil acid value, peroxide value, protein solubility, urease activity, and amino acid composition and content at the dose of 1.09, 2.99, 5.76, 7.89 and 8.97 kGy. The results showed the electron bean irradiation had minor effect on soybean oil content, protein content, and amino acid composition and content inhibitor was limited by electron beam irradiation. The oil acid value was reduced 37.5% at 5.76 kGy of electron beam irradiation. Peroxide value and urease activity reduced 37.3% and 11.36% at 8.97 kGy, respectively. The results demonstrated that 5.76 kGy was the proper dose for soybean storage by electron beam irradiation. This study provided reference for the application of electron beam irradiation in soybean storage and processing.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 907-915. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0907In order to investigate the effects of eugenol fumigation on chilling injury of green eggplant fruit, changes in physiological quality and proline metabolism were measured during storage at 4℃. The results indicated that fumigation with 25 μL·L-1 of eugenol remarkably enhanced chilling tolerance of green eggplant fruit through alleviating CI index, weight loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and increasing the content of soluble sugars and total phenolics. Moreover, eugenol treatment significantly promoted proline accumulation and enhanced the low temperature tolerance by increasing the activity of associated enzymes like in △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and decreasing the activity of proline dehydrogenase (PDH). The results suggested that eugenol might be a promising candidate for alleviating CI in green eggplant fruit.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 916-923. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0916To investigate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on reactive oxygen metabolism and energy status of fresh lotus seeds, the lotus pods “space lotus numbered 36” were treated with 20 mg·L-1 of 6-BA at 25 ±1℃, and the lotus pods treated with distilled water were used as control. The effect of 6-BA treatment on quality and respiration intensity of lotus pods and seeds, the level of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes activities, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphateadenosine (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), as well as the energy status of lotus seeds during storage were studied. The results indicated that when compared with control, treatment of 6-BA significantly inhibited the respiration intensity of lotus pods. In addition, it also treatment delayed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and MDA content, while improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and maintained high energy status of lotus seeds, thereby delayed the worsen of lotus pods and the seeds quality decreasing, which extended the storage time for 3-4 days. Therefore, 6-BA treatment possess high capacity of retarding the senescence of lotus pods and seeds, which provided theoretical and technical support for postharvest of lotus pods and seeds.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 924-932. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0924In order to investigate the effects of konjac glucomannan on gel properties of gum arabic, increase the gel properties of gum arabic, and reduce its addition in gelatinous food konjac glucomannan (KGM) was blended with gum arabic (GA), and swelling temperature, substrate ratio and gel time were chosen as the factors for gel strength of KGM/GA blend system. Response surface optimization design method of three factors and three levels was used to analysis the gel properties effect of KGM on GA. The results showed that KGM can efficiently improve the gel strength of GA. Swelling temperature, substrate ratio and gel time were the significant influencing factors of KGM/GA blend system. Interactions between each two factors had significant effects on gel strength. When swelling temperature, substrate ratio (KGM:GA), gel time at 49.64℃, 81.77% and 58.51 min, respectively, model predicted that the maximum gel strength was 839.01 g·mm. This optimized gel preparation process can provide some theoretical basis and guidance for improving the quality of gum arabic food, and thus, broaden its application in food industry.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 933-940. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0933To investigate the effects of 3 essential oils fumigation treatment on the storage of postharvest nectarine, the closed container fumigation method was used to measure the inhibitory effect of 3 essential oils on the main pathogens, and the sensory quality and physiological and biochemical indexes of nectarines (CN No.4). These essential oils were from aril of torreya grandis aril, leaf of loquat and fruit of bergamot fruits. The results showed that essential oil from aril of torreya grandis could effectively inhibit mycelial growth of gray mold and root mold with an EC50 value lower than that of the other two essential oils with 81.672 μL·L-1 and 209.131 μL·L-1 for leaf loquat and bergamot fruit essential oil, respectively. At the concentration of 200 μL·L-1, fumigation of the essential oil from aril of torreya grandis can effectively reduce the decayed extent of nectarine stored at 25℃ for 10 days with the decay index reduced by 63.73%, compared with the other two essential oils.The essential oil from aril of torreya grandis can also make the nectarine maintain a good weight loss rate and hardness induce the increase of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity, and inhibit the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) in fruit.Simultaneously, there was no significant difference on the indexes of soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acid (TA) and vitamin c (Vc) under this concentration compared with other two essential oils. In conclusion, the fumigation treatment of essential oil from aril of torreya grandis was able to prevent the decline of postharvest nectarine quality, and this essential oil has the potential to be further developed as a fruit and vegetable preservative.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 941-951. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0941To study whether the electronic nose can be applied to the quality identification of TCM seahorse, Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1,770 seahorse individuals had been collected and analyzed by the electronic nose. Then, the changes of volatile compounds, composition of amino acids and fatty acids in each seahorse were investigated and distinguished by HS-SPME-GC-MS (headspace-solid-phase-microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis), GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and amino acid analyzer, respectively. All seahorses were divided into 4 groups according to the results of electronic nose. 84 volatile components in the seahorse were detected with 7 main components, including (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one, trimethylamine, 2-pentyl-2-nonenal; hexanoic acid, 2-nonanone, 3,3,6-trimethyl-1,5-heptadien-4-one and 1-octen-3-ol. They endowed seahorse with the smell of fishy, oil, soil, sweet milk, fragrance and fruit aroma. There were a high correlation between the main chemical compositions and the response values of R1, R2 and R8 by the electronic nose. There were difference in the composition and content of fatty acid. The content of essential fatty acids had a high positive correlation with the response value R8, and it was higher than in group Ⅳ (2.98%) was that of groupⅠ (0.84%), Ⅱ (1.51%), and Ⅲ (1.42%). Amino acid content of groupⅠ was significantly lower than those of other groups, and the difference between group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were not significant. At the same time, the response value R1 was found to be significantly affected by the amino acid content. The results provided theoretical guidance for improving flavor of seahorse, and supporting for its quality identification.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 952-958. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0952The changes of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and content of isoflavone and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and antioxidant activities of germinated soybeans were investigated in this paper. Four Chinese soybean cultivars, HH43, QD7, XD14 and ZH13, were evaluated. The results showed that GABA content of HH 43, QD 7, XD 14 and ZH 13 increased significantly, with 30-, 37-, 6.8-, and 6.5-fold increase, respectively, at peak level compared to ungerminated seeds, and QD 7 had the highest content of GABA. TPC, TFC and isoflavone were also enhanced when germinating, as well as the antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and content of TFC, TPC and isofalvone. QD 7 had the highest contents of TFC and isoflavone, and therefore exerted the strongest antioxidant activity. Current results suggested that germination could improve the nutritional value of soybean and that the QD 7 soybean was a cultivar which could be used to produce functional food. This study provided theoretical basis for the further research and utilization of germinated soybeans.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 959-969. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0959
In order to explore the application effect of straw returning to field combined with water-saving irrigation technology, the effect of different irrigation regimes on rice growth and development, yield and its components, and water use efficiency was studied under the condition of straw returning to full field. The results showed that as for rice growth and development, to some extent, straw returning to field combined with water-saving irrigation technology could increase tillers number in the early middle period, decrease plant height at maturity, reduced the panicle formation percentage with the decrease of irrigation amount. In the early middle period of rice growth and development, proper reduction of water supply is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in leaves and stems and sheath, the dry matter output rate and transfer rate of leaves were the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅠ, arriving at 14.19% and 4.15%, and the dry matter output rate and transfer rate of stems and sheath were the largest under the treatment of intermittent irrigation,arriving at 28.69% and 17.39%, respectively. As for yield and its components, the yield order of the different irrigation regimes was intermittent irrigation>flooding irrigation>control irrigationⅠ>control irrigationⅡ. As for water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency was the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅡ with 3.55 kg?m-3, and natural rainfall water use efficiency was the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅡ,arriving at 1.10 kg?m-3. Total water use efficiency was the largest under the treatment of control irrigationⅠ, arriving at 0.75 kg?m-3. The results concluded that, under the condition of straw returning to field and ensuring yield, the best irrigation regimes were intermittent irrigation and control irrigation I.The results could provide theoretical basis for water management under straw returning to field in Northeast China, increase water use efficiency and improve rice production sustainable development.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 970-977. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0970
In order to construct and continually optimize the mathematic model of traits such as plant height, grain number per spike(GNS), grain weight per 1000-grain weight and trait factors such as lysine and β-glucan and to reveal internal relations between yield traits and quality traits. Using partial least squares regression (PLSR) method, the yield and quality traits of 83 highland barley collected from different ecological planting areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied by research on optimization of mathematical model.The results showed that the yield and quality traits of PLS (consider the interaction) model has the highest accuracy. The factors affecting the yield traits of lysine followed the order of spike length> spikelet density> 1000-grain weight> plant height> grains number per spike; yield traits affecting starch were acoorded with the sequence of spike length> spikelet density> grains number per spiker>spike length and spike density interaction> plant height> spike length and 1000-grain weight interaction. The factors affecting the yield traits of β-glucan were as follows: spikelet density, spike length, plant height, 1000-grain weight, spike length and spikelet density interaction; Yield traits affecting protein abided by spikelet density> 1000-grain weight> grains number per spiker>spike length> plant height.The factors of yield traits such as spike length, spikelet density and 1000-grain weight had significant effects on the quality traits of lysine and β-glucan in highland barley, but combined effects. In summary,quality traits of the highland barley are the result of the comprehensive effect of each yield trait factor. This study provides a theoretical basis for guiding good quality and high yield breeding and cultivation of highland barley.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 978-985. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0978In this paper, 54 peanut accessions contained 6 botanical types were used as experimental materials to study the glyphosate tolerance of different botanical types in peanut. The results showed that the optimum concentration of glyphosate was 2.0 kg·a.i·hm-2, and the tolerance of different botanical types to glyphosate were different. Hypogaea was the most tolerant to glyphosate and the injury index was 67.14, followed by fastigiata, vulgaris and hirsute with injury index of 71.43, 82.00 and 82.86, respectively, while both aequatoriana and peruviana had the highest injury index of 86.67. Physiological parameters were determined at 7 days after spraying for tolerance and susceptible accessions. The results indicated that accumulation of the shikimic acid in susceptible accessions were higher than that of tolerance accessions with the values of between 145.15~162.32 μg·g-1 and 76.81~104.33 μg·g-1, respectively. Chlorophyll content of the tolerance accessions were higher than that of the susceptible accessions, which ranged from 34.92~43.99 SPAD and 24.76~26.85 SPAD, respectively. No significant difference in SOD level was observed between tolerance and susceptible accessions.The results provide a theoretical basis for glyphosate-tolerant peanut breeding.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 986-992. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0986To breed rice varieties with glyphosate-tolerance, five rice materials developed by radiation and chemical mutagenesis were screened using different glyphosate concentrations. Physiological indexes were measured in glyphosate-tolerant and sensitive materials. The five rice varieties were treated with different concentrations of glyphosate (1, 2, 3 and 4 g·L-1) and found that 4 g·L-1 of glyphosate could cause the sensitive material P1003 to die completely, which meant a suitable concentration for screening glyphosate-tolerant materials in rice. A line CA21 demonstrated most glyphosate-tolerance in the rice materials. With the increasing concentration of glyphosate, shikimic acid content in CA21 was decreased. No significant change was observed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll content in CA21. However, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activity was improved significantly. With the increasing days after the treatment of 3 g·L-1 glyphosate in CA21, no obvious change was found for shikimic acid content; MDA content and chlorophyll content were decreased, and GSTs activity was improved significantly. However for P1003, whether under glyphosate treatment with different concentrations or with the increasing days after the treatment of 3 g·L-1 glyphosate, shikimic acid and MDA content were increased significantly,while chlorophyll content was decreased significantly, and GSTs activity had no significant change. In conclusion, CA21 was glyphosate-tolerant and could be further applied in molecular mechanism dissection of glyphosate-tolerance and glyphosate-tolerant breeding. This study provides a theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of glyphosate tolerance in rice glyphosate-tolerant rice breeding.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 993-1002. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.0993The objective of this study was to screen out vegetable cultivars with low Cd and Cr accumulations, and to improve the quality and safety of leafy vegetables. Pot-culture experiments were used to study the variety difference of Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation in 17 vegetable cultivars under Cd/Cr combination stress. There were significant variety differences in shoot Cd and Cr concentrations among the 17 vegetable cultivars; the mean concentrations were 0.645±0.212 mg·kg FW-1 and 0.222±0.092 mg·kg FW-1, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 32.87% and 41.44%, respectively. The mean translocation factors (TF) of Cd and Cr were 1.031±0.157 and 0.102±0.028, which increased 41.43% and decreased 37.80% compared with CK, respectively. Moreover, there were great differences in tolerance among different vegetable cultivars. Shoot Cd accumulation was the main factor causing decreased plant biomass and differences in tolerance. There were significant or very significant positive correlations between the concentrations, the translocation factors of different vegetable varieties, and CK. Accumulation and translocation of Cd and Cr in different vegetable varieties were stable hereditary. Based on the Cd, Cr concentrations, and translocation factors from low to high suggested the 17 vegetable cultivars were divided into 4 groups. The HL2 vegetable cultivar, with low Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation, could be considered to be the Cd/Cr pollution-safe cultivar.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.1003In order to study the effects of different fertilization conditions on the carotenoid content of foxtail millet and simultaneously select the planting fertilization conditions of high carotenoid content foxtail millet, 3 factors and 4 levels of L16 (45) orthogonal experiments were used here, in whic total 16 different fertilization conditions (different proportion of N, P and K) for Changnong35, and the corresponding content of beta-carotene and lutein were investigated. The results showed that fertilization had significant influence on beta-carotene and lutein content. The optimum fertilization conditions were urea 485 g, triple superphosphate 0 g and potassium sulfate 300 g, under which the total content of beta-carotene and lutein were highest.Analysis of variance and bias close analysis showed that nitrogen fertilizer most affected the content of beta-carotene and lutein, followed by potassic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. This study provided theoretical and practical basis for exploration of fertilization conditions for high carotenoid content of foxtail millet.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 1009-1015. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.1009In order to achieve the goal of ecological restoration, eliminating heavy metals in soil using hyperaccumulator is a new technology developed in the field of environmental protection in recent years. Therefore, it is very important to screen more hyperaccumulators from farmland weeds. In order to reveal the remediation potential of Rorippa dubia (Pers.) Hara to cadmium contaminated soil, CdCl2·2.5H2O was used to simulate different concentrations of cadmium stress, and the accumulation characteristics of cadmium in R. dubia planted in pots for 60-days stress treatments were detected, with no added CdCl2·2.5H2O as control. The results showed that with the increase of soil Cd concentration, the growth of R. dubia was inhibited without toxic symptoms; When the soil cadmium concentration was less than or equal to 75 mg·kg-1, the percentages of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and the carotenoid contents were decreased but no significant difference was found compared with that of the control. After treated with soil cadmium concentration of 75 mg·kg-1, cadmium content in shoots and roots of R. dubia was 112.77 mg·kg-1, 69.87 mg·kg-1, respectively. Moreover, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of roots and shoots, and the transfer factors (TF) were larger than 1, suggesting that R. dubia was a cadmium-rich plant. With the increasing concentration of cadmium in soil, transfer amount factors(TAF) of R. dubia showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing, indicating that the transport capacity from roots to the shoots part of R. dubia gradually increased when the concentration of Cd in soil is less than or equal to 50 mg·kg-1. Under these conditions, it is advantageous to accumulation of cadmium in R. dubia. The regression analysis of the cadmium accumulation of R. dubia showed that the distribution characteristics of cadmium in R. dubia followed the order of shoots > roots. In summary, R. dubia can be used as phytoremediation of heavy metal cadmium and absorb cadmium in the soil by transferring the cadmium from roots to shoots. After harvest the plants were removed from soil to achieve the purpose of repairing cadmium pollution. This study provides a basis for screening superior Cd-enriched plant material.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 1016-1022. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.1016In order to explore effect of super absorbent on crop yield and water use during the key growing period of potato in the region of southern Ningxia, a field study was conducted to investigate effects of super absorbent dosages on soil water, potato yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic benefit by comparing two different types of super absorbents (Wote and Microbe). The two SAPs were applied at different rates of 30 kg·hm-2, 60 kg·hm-2, and 90 kg·hm-2 in the experiments, while the treatment with no super absorbent applying was marked as the control. The results showed that the application of Microbe super absorbent could improve soil water status in plough layer, and significantly promoted the growth in the early florescence stage of potato. In contrast, the Wote super absorbent could improve soil water status in deep layer, and significantly promoted the growth in the expansion-maturity stage of potato, and the aboveground biomass of potato under the treatments of Wote super absorbent were significantly higher than the control. Compared with control, the application of Wote super absorbent 90 kg·hm-2 significantly increased the yield and WUE of potato by 44.1% and 75.8%, followed by Microbe super absorbent of 60 kg·hm-2. The commodity rate was the highest (87.3%) with applied Wote super absorbent 60 kg·hm-2, followed by Microbe super absorbent of 60 kg·hm-2. According to the analysis of economic benefits, it was found that in the potato production in the dry land of south Ningxia, the application of Wote super absorbent 30 ~ 60 kg·hm-2 could significantly increase the economic benefits of potato. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of super absorbent in dry farming region.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 1023-1030. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.1023In order to investigate the difference of yield and fertilization efficiency of rice in different cities of Jilin Province, field experiments of soil test and formulated fertilization project from 2005 to 2013 were carried out with typical types of rice in Jilin Province to analyze the effect of increasing yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency on rice yield in different cities with three treatments: no fertilizer (N0P0K0), only phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (N0PK) and balanced fertilizer (NPK). The results showed that the rice yields of different cities had remarkable differences, which ranged from 4.0 t·hm-2 to 7.8 t·hm-2 when there was no fertilizer application; increasing yield rates with N0PK treatment and NPK treatment were 10.3%~30.4% (except for Liaoyuan) and 35.4%~109.0%, respectively. Fertilizer application had notable increasing yield effects for Jilin and Changchun, and nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected rice yield for Tonghua and Yanbian. Nitrogen use efficiency in Jilin Province was 16.4%~32.7%, and was higher in Jilin and Siping; partial fertilizer productivity of nitrogen was 52.5~76 kg·kg-1 in Jilin Province and that was the highest in Songyuan. Jilin Province was divided into three fertilization regions of west region, middle region and east region according to soil basic physical and chemical characteristics, yield and fertilizer use efficiency. Therefore, balanced fertilization is the best fertilization way to increase rice yield. Moreover, to setup fertilizer partition on the basis of the differences of soil fertility, rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency of different regions and to optimize fertilizer rate are an effective way to realize precise fertilizer and improve the rice yield and fertilizer effect. The study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the high yield of rice and high efficiency management of fertilization in different cities in Jilin Province.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(5): 1031-1039. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.05.1031By introducing different species of live bait in the farming model of ‘Z.Latifolia-P.sinensis’(ZP model), the optimizations were selected to improve the ecological environment and promote the technical and theoretical researches on the farming of ‘Z.Latifolia-P.sinensis’. The results showed that there were significant differences in feeding preference among different diets. More loach and white fish were fed by P. sinensis than crayfish and snail among different combinations of live baits. The feeding amounts of loach and white fish were 5.0 g and 5.6 g in the single combinations, while the feeding amounts of crayfish and snail were 2.0 g and 0.4 g, respectively. The average foraging amounts and growth rate of P.sinensis with combination baits were higher than those with single bait, and showed that the combination of live baits was more benefit to the growth of P. Sinensis. Different combinations of farming models with extended food chain (ZPX model) were designed and conducted in the field. The reduced numbers of pest and increased numbers of beneficial insect were observed in the ZPX model than those in ZP model. Among different combined models, the combination of Z.Latifolia-P.sinensis-fish had better economic traits of Z. latiforlia with highest rate of swollen stem to 69.5%, while the combination of Z.Latifolia-P.sinensis-fish-snail was more benefit to the growth of P. sinensis with higher weight and longer back-plate. Quality detection of the Z. latiforlia and P. sinensis were all found to reach the national standards of green food. This study established the better ZPX models with safe and efficient production of Z. latifolia and P. sinensis were established and discussed.
