10 March 2018, Volume 32 Issue 3
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 417-423. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0417To study the radiation effects of 60Co-γ rays irradiation on Macadamia seeds. The seeds of four Macadamia cultivars were irradiated by different doses(0、40、100、200 Gy)of 60Co-γ rays, and then the effects of irradiation on mutation populations were investigated. Results showed that the average extending of diameter per annum of three cultivars (Yunao 57, Yunao 51, Yunao 58) was inhibited with irradiation dose increase. However, there was a little promotion on the average extending of diameter per annum of Yunao 41. Compared with CK populations, the coefficient of variation in mutation populations are larger as well as the maximum value, minimum value and the range, enriched the diversity among plants. Based on the percentage about the number of flowering and the number of fruiting between mutation populations and CK populations, 4 mutants with good traits were selected. It provides evidence that the mutation breeding could be used for new variety selection of Macadamia with high-yield and high-quality.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 424-429. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0424In order to reduce the number of seeds of Fortunella crassifolia CV. Suichuangjingan, improve it's quality and competitiveness of the market, the pollen of Fortunella crassifolia CV. Suichuangjingan was treated with 1 000 Gy 60Co-γ ray, the pollinated it to Fortunella crassifolia CV. Suichuangjingan, and the non-irradiated pollen was used as control. The effects of radiation pollen on fruit growth, development and endogenous hormones contents were studied. The results showed that compared with the no irradiated pollen treatment, radiating pollen decreased the number of seeds of Fortunella crassifolia CV. Suichuangjingan, and the titratable acid content, total sugar content, Vc content and TSS content had no significant difference, but the fruit size and fruit weight were decreased obviously. 30 d after the pollination, the endogenous of IAA, GA, ZT contents and(GA+IAA+ZT)/ABA ratio of pollen irradiation group was apparently lower than CK. The results gives a reference for the application of 60Co-γ ray radiation breeding in Kumquat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 430-437. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0430
The present study aims at illustrating the relationship between the degradation of tapetum of anther and pollen sterility in physiological male sterility wheat that was induced by SQ-1. The physiologically male sterility and it's corresponding normal lines of complete fertility were used as experimental materials, the ultrastructure of tapetum was analyzed via transmission electron microscope, the APs genes expression were analyzed through Real-time PCR and the activity of aspartic proteinase was analyzed by SDS-Gelatin-Page. Results showed the tapetum of anther was pre-degraded at mononuclear stage in physiological male sterile lines when compared with the normal one. The expressions of 3 APs genes rose firstly and fell from metaphase to three-nuclear stage, and reached their highest expressions at mononuclear stage. Comparing the normal lines, the expressions of APs1,Aps2 and APs3 in physiological male sterile lines showed a higher increase at mononuclear stage and metaphase. The levels of APs activity were firstly upregulated and then decreased, reaching their highest points at binucleate stage. And the activity of APs in physiological male sterile lines was much higher than the normal lines in all stages. These data demonstrated that the higher expression of APs gene in male sterility induced by SQ-1 leads to pre-degradation of tapetum and then causes male sterility.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 438-447. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0438To explore the regulatory mechanism of floral organ development in orchid,a Class-C MADS-box gene PhAG1b (GenBank accession number: KY475587) was cloned from Phalaenopsis Jiuhbao Red Rose using the method of RT-PCR and RACE. The sequence analysis showed the cDNA full-length of this gene was 1 250 bp, encaded 234 amino acid residues including MADS, K-box and AG motifs. The phylogenetic analysis indicated the protein was highly identified with DcOAG1 from Dendrobium crumenatum and CeMADS2 from Cymbidium ensifolium. The expression analysis showed that the PhAG1b gene was not expressed in vegetative organs, and yet in sepal, lateral petal and lip of floral organ, only was expressed in gynandrium and ovary, the expression level of PhAG1b gene was reduced in ovary after pollination. The expression level of the PhAG1b gene was not changed in the floral organ mutants of degenerated stamen converting petals. In the floral organ mutants of lateral sepals and lateral petal converting lips, the expression level of the PhAG1b gene was decreased significantly in gynandriums. However, the expression level of the PhAG1b gene was increased significantly in gynandriums of the lateral petals pillared mutant and lateral petals with anthers mutant. The results suggested that the PhAG1b gene plays a crucial role in regulating gynandrium and ovary development in Phalaenopsis. The function of PhAG1b and class-B genes may be veciprocal. The results provide insights into the molecular regulation mechanism of floral organ development in orchid.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 448-454. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0448
Valsa mali var. mali is a major pathogen of apple canker disease, and cause a serious economic losses on the apple industry. In order to effectively control the occurrence and damage of apple canker, we studied the effect of HMG-box gene of V. mali var. mali (VmHMG) on the growth and pathogenicity of pathogens. In this study, the knockout vector was constructed by double-joint PCR, which containing hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (Hpt) and the up and down segment of VmHMG. The pathogen protoplasts were transformed with polyethylene glycol (PEG), then selected on hygromycin, after PCR and Southern blot test. Two knockout mutants Δ1-5 and Δ2-22 were obtained from 95 transformants. The efficiency was 2.1%. Δ1-5 and Δ2-22 had no obvious difference in phenotype compared with the wild strain. The pathogenicity of mutants increased by 48.5% and 56.2% respectively, though the average growth rate decreased by 10.8% and 19.8%. The results suggested that the deletion of VmHMG gene led to the slow growth rate of V. mali var. mali, but the pathogenicity was significantly enhanced. This paper analyzed preliminarily the function of VmHMG gene by obtaining the knockout mutants, which provided the theoretical basis for clarifying the growth and pathogenesis of apple canker.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 455-462. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0455To establish genetic transformation system of Isatis indigotica Fort. and obtain the transgenetic plant of Isatis indigotica Fort. with AtNDPK2 gene. AtNDPK2 gene derived by SWPA2 promoter which was induced under stress were constructed into a co-expression vector and transformed into diploid and tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort. Via Agrobacterium. Stable genetic transformation system is followings: leaf blades were cut into pieces with 0.5 square centimeter, after 2 days of pre-culture, the leaf blade pieces were immersed into the Agrobacteria liquid of OD600 0.6-0.8 value and shaken for 15 min, the excess Agrobacteria liquid on the blade surface were removed by sterilized filter and after co-cultur for 3 days, the blades were transferred to selective medium with 25 mg·L-1 of Kan and 300 mg·L-1 of Cef and developed for 15 days, then transferred to the selective medium with 25 mg·L-1 of Kan and 300 mg·L-1 of Cef again, developed for 15 days. Inductivity of resistant bud for diploid is 8.84%, and for tetraploid is 9.86%, the single resistant buds were cut and transfrred to the rooting medium with 25 mg·L-1 of Kan and 300 mg·L-1 of Cef. After about 20 days, 25 pieces root per single bud were developed, the resistant plants with robust root were transferred into the soil, survival rate of seeding is beyond 80%. Through the PCR dectection, 6 diploid strains and 7 tetraploid strains were obtained, further detection with RT-PCR, all the positive strains can be transcribed.This study provided the reference for operative technique of genetic engineering of Isatis indigotica Fort, and laid foundation of cultivating strains of Isatis indigotica Fort with stress resistance
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 463-476. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0463In this study, to excavate the SNP loci and candidate genes significantly assocated with the length and siliques of main inflorescence in Brassica napus, the phenotype of two traits was investigated under two environments (JXAU of Nanchang and JXIRS of Jinxian) for 300 rapeseed accessions. The genome-wide association study was carried out using 201 817 SNPs makers. The results showed that the phenotypic variations of two traits were existed in two places. 22 and 41 SNP loci in two places respectively associated with the length and siliques of main inflorescence were excavated by general linear model (GLM). 9 SNPs of length of main inflorescence and 31 SNPs of siliques on main inflorescence were detected using the mixed linear model (MLM), where some of the SNPs were consistent with the results of GLM model. In addition, functions of candidate genes along the 100 kb regions of the relative SNPs were identified, and 28 candidate genes involved in regulation of carbohydrate transportation and synthesis, flower and seed development, and signal transduction etc., which might involve in regulating the growth of main inflorescence and development of siliques in B. napus. This study reveals the genetic variations of main inflorescence traits directly, which can help the breeding of close-planting and high-yield of B. napus.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 477-485. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0477To understand codon usage features of ICE1 gene in radish, the sequence of ICE1 was analyzed via programs of CUSP and Codon W, and it was also compared with other 10 plant species and genomes. The results showed that ICE1 in radish was bias towards the synonymous codons with A and T at third codon position. According to the RSCU (Relative Synonymous Codon Usage), 12 codons were high-frequency. Compared with the codon usages of other radish genes, bias towards of 19 codons were the same. There were some differences in codon bias of ICE1 among different species. The cluster tree of ICE1 based on CDS revealed a better evolutionary relationship among different species than the result analyzed by RSCU. The differences of codon usage between ICE1 and rice genome was larger than that between ICE1 and some cruciferae plant genomes(Arabidopsis, cabbage).This means something should be done to ICE1 to heterologous expression of ICE1. This study not only preliminarily reveals the codon usage pattern of ICE1 of radish, but also provides a certain theoretical basis to further molecular genetic study.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 486-496. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0486Due to a high occurrence rate of the confusion and shoddy behavior in Dendrobium market, rapid identification system is necessary. Based on this background, in order to test whether the common plant DNA barcodes can be applied to the Dendrobium identification, and discuss the feasibility of Dendrobium identification by combining DNA barcodes with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), two common plant DNA barcodes combined FTIR technology were used to analyze 9 common species of Dendrobium in the market. The result showed that the maximum intraspecific divergence of ITS2 sequence is less than the minimum interspecific divergence in Dendrobium, and the average interspecific divergence was 58 times that of the divergence, indicating the feasibility of the ITS2 sequence is feasible to be a DNA barcode for Dendrobium identification. However, the psbA-trnH sequence lacked the ability to identify sequence due to variability. Furthermore, characteristic FTIR spectrums of nine types of Dendrobium were obtained, and found that the leaves of Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium densiflorum, Dendrobium officinale, and Dendrobium moniliforme exhibited relatively higher based on preliminary analysis of the peak shape, peak height, peak intensity etc. In this study, DNA barcoding were combined with FTIR technology for the first time, which provided the possibility for Dendrobium rapid analysis and identification.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 497-505. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0497Plant senescence is a progress between mature and death, it is a necessary phase in plant lifecycle. Plant senescence characterized as degradation of biomacromolecule, dissociate of cell structures, reusability of nutrients and etc. Senescence is regulated by various factors. In this review, we focused on the description of rice senescence mutants based on brief summarization of the physiochemical properties during senescence and the factors influencing senescence in plant. Which may improve the understanding of the genetic regulation on rice senescence provide some references for studies on rice development and breeding new with delay senestence.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 506-514. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0506
In order to obtain an efficient multiplex PCR method for the detection of adulterated meat species, specific multiplex PCR amplification primers, based on the homologous and specific sites of mitochondrial genes, were designed and optimized in five animal samples, including bovine, ovine, pork, duck and chicken. The optimal primer concentrations were 0.12, 0.16, 0.16, 0.32, 0.24 μmol·L-1 for duck, chicken, pork, ovine and bovine samples, respectively. The other optimal conditions were 0.200 mmol·L-1 5 U of Taq DNA polymerase, annealing temperature was 58℃, and the PCR cycle times 40. Under the optimal conditions, the determined gDNA detection limit for these five-meat species was 20 picograms, and the established method was verified by 21 kinds of meat samples (as blind sample) in local super market. The verification results showed that the method was able to distinguish accurately the fake meat (the adulteration ratio was 42.86%) from other samples, which was consistent with issued current standards. The results in this research could provide technology support for rapid identification and detection of meat samples.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 515-522. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0515The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility to trace geographical locations yam with the difference of Sr-Pb isotope in soils. The isotope ratios in the soil and partial yam samples were determined with thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). Statistical analysis was employed for geographical origin discrimination. The different soil samples were divided into five groups. The results showed that there was no significant differences between I and II groups of soil samples from different regions (P > 0.05). In addition, both groups of soil samples were collected at desertification serious areas close to the Yellow River, indicating the first two groups maybe from the same origin of the Yellow River sediment and should be bracketed together. Significant isotopic differences were found among different groups of soil samples (P<0.01): groups I and II have the lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.715195 to 0.715623. Group III had the highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.717906 to 0.718594, the highest 206Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 18.643 to 18.765 and the highest 207Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 15.649 to 15.689. Group IV had moderate ratios of 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb with ranges 0.716004-0.716747, 18.642-18.700 and 15.634-15.650, respectively. Group V had relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.716081 to 0.718581, the lowest ratios of 206Pb/204Pb (18.504-18.638) and 207Pb/204Pb (15.572-15.614). The growing regions of Chinese yam can be effectively distinguished based on the isotopic difference with accuracy up to 94.1%, This research enriched the geographical origin traceability system of agricultural products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 523-531. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0523In order to establish a fast and non-destructive detection for measuring the content of polysaccharide and total sugar in wolfberry by hyperspectral imaging technology, the original hyperspectral images were processed by principal component analysis firstly. The first three principal component images according to the principal component contribution rate and five characteristic wavelengths were identified were selected according to the weight coefficient distribution curve of full bands in the first three principal components. Secondly, texture features were extracted from both the three principal component images and the five characteristic wavelength images, and spectral feature were also extracted from the five characteristic wavelength images simultaneously. Partial least squares regression was used to establish prediction models based on spectral features, texture features and the combined data. The results showed that the prediction result were not good enough using spectral feature or texture feature of the image, thus texture data and spectrum data were fused at the feature level. For the models based on fusion features, the results of the correction set were improved. However, the accuracy of the result of prediction set was reduced greatly. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, all the features were screened according to the correlation coefficient between the two indexes and features. The most appropriate feature set used to construct the detection model can acquire a fine prediction results:
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 532-538. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0532In order to optimize the extraction process of melanin from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies,influence of NaOH concentration, material-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power were investigated with the absorbance of melanin solution as the response value. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimum processing conditions were determined by Box-Behnken experimental design. The results show that the response surface methodology is reasonable and feasible. The optimal extraction conditions were chosen as 1 mol·L-1, 1:39.7 g·mL-1, 162W and 49.8 min for NaOH concentration, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonication power and time, respectively. The experimental absorbance of the melanin extracted under the optimized conditions was 0.782, which was in accordance with the predicted value (0.783) of the model. This study optimized the extraction conditions of the Ganoderma lucidum melanin from many aspects and provided a theoretical basis for its processing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 539-547. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0539To improve the comprehensive utilization value of Jerusalem artichoke, with low gluten flour and Jerusalem artichoke as the main raw material, xylitol as sweetener, single factor and Box-Behnken test design, and principal component analysis were used to optimize the low sugar Jerusalem artichoke biscuit formula. The results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of first, second, third principal components was 85.12%, which could reflect the sensory and textural indexes of Jerusalem artichoke biscuit quality. The quadratic polynomial regression model established by principal component analysis and normalized score as the response value had a significant regression effect, and in good fitting degree is better (P<0.0001, R2=0.9983). Partial least squares regression analysis predicted the optimum formula for biscuits was as follows, Jerusalem artichoke powder 12%, butter-corn oil (1∶1) 30%, xylitol 20%, and theoretical comprehensive score was 0.7964. Under this condition, the standardized score of Jerusalem artichoke biscuits was 0.7672, which was close to the theoretical comprehensive score, indicating that the established regression model had good prediction ability. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for multi parameter food quality analysis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 548-554. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0548
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of germination on the content of total amino acids and free amino acids in soybean. In order to analyze the variation of amino acids during germination, automatic amino acid analyzer and high performance liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry were used to detect the content of total amino acids and free amino acids of soybean in storage, soaked 6 h, germinated at 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 days, respectively. The results showed that the content of total amino acids was slightly increased after germination, among which the content of aspartic acid increased by 1.24 times, and glutamic acid decreased by 25.30% after germinated 7 days. The content of total free amino acid increased by 9.36 times, and each kind of amino acid increased in different degree. Among them, free essential amino acids increased by 20.86 times, the ratio of which in total free amino acids increased by 1.07 times. This study showed that nutrition and sensory quality of soybean improved when germinating, which provided theoretical support for the development of germinated soybean products.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 555-560. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0555In order to study the occurrence of weeds in paddy fields with different direct seeding patterns and solve weed control problems, inbred rice ZhongJiazao17 and hybrid rice Zhuliangyou819 were selected, field experiments were set with three treatments (dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and water direct seeding) to study the influence on the occurrence of weeds in paddy fields and grain yield of early indica rice in south of China. The results showed that there was no significant difference on weed species in different direct seeding patterns, and the main weed species contained gramineous weeds such as Echinochloa crusgalli, Stellaria uliginosa and Eleusine indica, and broadleaf weeds such as Commelina communi L, Monochoria vaginali, Portulaca oleracea L and Murdannia triguetra, while obvious differences were observed on the dominant populations of weeds in paddy fields under different direct seeding patterns. The Echinochloa crusgall was the dominant species weed in dry direct seeding pattern, which the range was accounted from 48.60% to 54.17% in the total ratio of all weeds, while the Monochoria vaginali was the dominant species weed in both wet direct seeding and water direct seeding paddy fields, which the range was accounted from 43.00% to 46.44% and 36.00% to 38.66% in the total ratio of weeds, respectively. There were significant differences on the quantity of weeds in different direct seeding patterns, following the order of dry direct seeding < wet direct seeding < water direct seeding. The number of weeds in direct seeding drought was 3.44% ~ 6.71% and 40.92% ~ 42.89% lower than wet direct seeding and water direct seeding, respectively. The biomass of weeds in dry direct seeding in paddy fields were less than wet direct seeding and water direct seeding. Meanwhile, compared with wet direct seeding and water direct seeding, the emergence of rice seedling, the number of effective panicles and seed setting rate of dry direct seeding significantly increased. The yield of two kinds of tested varieties increased by 21.26% ~ 27.65%, 28.52% ~ 35.49%, respectively. In addition, the trend of the occurrence of weeds and the yield of early indica rice under different direct seeding ways are basically similer. In conclusion, it suggested dry direct seeding reduced weed emergence in paddy field and increased grain yield of early season indica rice. This study provides a theoretical basis for achieving high and stable yield of direct seeding rice.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 561-568. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0561To study the best water-fertilize model of high protein soybean, taking the high protein soybean Qihuang 34 as the test material, the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on growing development, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of soybean was studied in this experiment. The uniform design testing was employed and six combinations with four factors of water, nitrogenous, phosphate and potash fertilizer were set. In addition, the mathematical model of the results was analyzed by partial-least regression (PLS), with the production as a dependent variable, four factors as independent variables, to explore the best water-fertilizer model for high protein soybean. The results showed that the plant growth period was longer under high (100%) or low water (20%, 36%), shorter under suitable water (52%, 64%), which greatly influenced by water. The node numbers of main stem was less affected by water-fertilizer coupling with effective pod numbers, pod length and the effective branch numbers were all lower under high (100%) or low water (20%, 36%). The dry matter accumulation of root, stem, leaf, petiole, and pod were all affected by different water-fertilizer coupling, which showed poor performance under high or low treatment (T1, T2, T6), better under suitable treatment (T3, T4), and the correlation coefficient between protein and fat in grain was -0.93**, which indicated significant negative correlation. Grain weight per plant, hundred-grain weight and grain number per plant were all highest at suitable treatment (T3), and that all had significantly positively related to yield with correlation coefficient of 1.00**、0.98**、0.89** respectively, indicating that the suitable water-fertilizer coupling accelerated the transfer of nutrients to the grain, then increased the grain number and grain weight, further increased grain yield. Moreover, the mathematical model PLS indicated that the yield of soybean was strongly dependent on water supply; sufficient water supply significantly increased the yield and plant height of soybean. When the soil relative water content was 47.6%, the application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer were separately at 70 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1 and 111.57 mg·kg-1, and the optimal output of soybean yield was 5 121.26 kg·hm-2. This study offers theoretical guidance and technical support for high quality and efficient production of high protein soybean, also provides a reliable theory basis for the application of uniform design in agricultural field.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 569-575. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0569
Improvement of pesticide formulations and application methods has already become one of the key research direction of the development and application of pesticides. To explore the security of hydrogel encapsulated (HGE) pesticide, in this study, we investigated the efficacy of HGE-acetochlor on Kentucky bluegrass (Poaannua L.) under laboratory conditions. In addition, the comparison of the uptake,residue and bioconcentration of HGE-14C-acetochlor and14C-acetochlor in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings were observed by means of 14C-isotope tracing method. The main results are as follows: The EC90 of HGE-acetochlor was 0.293 μg ai·g-1, which was lower than the minimum of the recommended concentration of acetochlor(0.373 μg ai·g-1) in the field, indicating the high herbicidal activity of HGE-acetochlor. But compared with the acetochlor, the hydrogel encapsulating process still reduced the herbicidal activity of effective components at a certain extent. The uptake of both HGE-14C-acetochlor and14C-acetochlor by maize seedlings was limited. At 15 day after treatment, the absorption of HGE-14C-acetochlor and14C-acetochlor by maize seedlings were 3.60% and 4.04% of the applied amount respectively. The absorption of active ingredients derived from HGE-acetochlor was significantly lower than acetochlor in maize seedlings(P<0.05), which means that hydrogel encapsulating inhibited the maize seedlings on the absorption of acetochlor. The bioconcentration factors of HGE-14C-acetochlor (9.98) in the shoot of maize seedlings were less than14C-acetochlor (12.35), which suggested that HGE-acetochlor may be safer for the growth of maize in the field comparing with acetochlor. This article supplied basic data for the rational use of HGE-acetochlor, and provided a scientific basis for further understanding of the safety of HGE-pesticides.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 576-581. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0576In order to explore the different antioxidation of various cabbage seedlings under low temperature stress, two cold-resistant cultivars (173, 174) and two cold-sensitive cultivars (165, 166) were selected as experimental materials in this study to study the changes of physiological indexes related with cold tolerance. The resultes showed under the low temperature of 4 ℃, the soluble sugar of four cabbage varieties increased, and the increase rate of resistant cultivars was significant higher than sensitive ones. The soluble protein contents of 173 and 174 increased with the extension of treatment time, while 165 and 166 decreased in the late stage of low temperature treatment. Moreover, the trend of proline was similar. Under low temperature, the
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 582-590. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0582In order to evaluate the differences of chilling tolerance among different peanut resources from Shanxi province,24 peanut resources were used as experimental materials, Traits such as seed germination rate, germination index and seedling physiological characteristics at normal temperature (25℃) and low temperature stress (peanut seed was treated at 2℃, peanut seedling was treated at 10℃) were tested.The ratios (relative values) of traits at low temperature to those at normal temperature were used to assess the cold tolerance.The results showed that the relative germination rate of 4 resources was more than 0.90 and their relative germination index was more than 0.80. The content of proline,SOD activity and POD activity of highly cold-resistance resources were higher than those of weakly cold resistance resources. By cluster analysis,24 peanut resources were grouped into three classes. The first group contained 4 strong cold-resistance resources, the second group contained 8 intermediate resources, and the third group contained 12 sensitive resources.The results of bud stage and clustering analysis were combined to select three cold tolerance varieties, and three species(Fenxi xiaoli,Wenshui huasheng,Linxianduoli) were selected. This study provided a theoretical basis for further investigation on the physiological changes of seedling in different periods for different peanut resources under low temperature.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 591-599. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0591The objective of this study was to investigate the cadmium tolerance of Iris lacteal seedlings, to screen suitable evaluation indicators of cadmium-tolerance, and to establish a mathematical evaluation model for cadmium tolerance. A sand culture experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the plant height(PH), chlorophyll content(Chl), dry weight of shoot and root(DWS and DWR), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein (SP) of sixteen I. lactea species which were exposed to the mass ratio of cadmium contaminated with sand (0,50,100,200 and 300 mg·kg-1) for 40 days, These cadmium tolerance indexes were evaluated and classified by principal components analysis, subordination function method and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the eight morphological and physiological indexes at seedlings of different I. lactea accessions under cadmium stress could be classified into three independent comprehensive components using principal components analysis. The cadmium-tolerance comprehensive evaluation value (D value) of different accessions was obtained by means of subordination function method. The sixteen accessions were divided into three cadmium-tolerant types by cluster analysis. Six of them were high cadmium-resistant type, and seven were medium cadmium-resistant type, and hree materials were weak cadmium -resistant type. A mathematical evaluation model (D=-1.414+1.076DWS+0.744SP+0.266SOD) for I. lactea cadmium tolerance was established by means of regression analysis.According to this model, three indexes of DWS, SP and SOD closely related to the cadmium tolerance were screened out. Six high cadmium-resistance materials, such as ML018 and ML019, were the alternative plants for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil because of their higher ability in absorption,tolerance and transfer of Cd. This study lays the foundation for the evaluation of germplasm accessions and the breeding new varieties of I.lacteal.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 600-608. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0600In order to explore the role of Ca2+ in antioxidant capacity and cold tolerance of cucumber by nitric oxide (NO),JingYan NO. 4 cucumber seedlings were selected as experimental materials by spraying NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), free Ca2+ chelator glycol-bis-(2-amino ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker lanthanum trichloride (LaCl3), calmodulin (CaM) activity inhibitor trifluoperazine (TFP) and calmodulin kinase (CaM-PK) blocker N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide(W-7), the relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content(MDA), antioxidant enzymes and relative gene expression levels, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 609-616. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0609In order to study the response of leaf water potential and stomatal conductance to different degree of water stress in sea-buckthorn at the seedling stage, four kinds of soil water content were set up by potted water control experiment with 1 year old sea-buckthorn seedling, which were 75% ~ 80% of field capacity (W1, full water supply), 55% ~ 60% of field capacity (W2, light water stress), 35% ~ 40% of field capacity (W3, medial water stress), 25% ~ 30% of field capacity (W4, severe water stress). The leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature and meteorological factors were measured every 2 hours from 6:00 to 18:00 in cloudless and windless days. The results showed that the difference in leaf water potentials of four treatments was significant (P<0.05), following the order of W1 (-1.77MPa)> W2 (-1.90MPa)> W3 (-2.11MPa)> W4 (-2.34MPa). Moreover, positive linear correlation was found between the mean values of leaf water potential and soil water content (P<0.05).The values of stomatal conductance and leaf water potential had a significant linear correlation (P<0.05). The study contributes to better understanding on drought resistance mechanism of sea-buckthorn and provides technical support for sea-buckthorn afforestation in the northwest desert region.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2018, 32(3): 617-623. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.03.0617To illuminate the occurrence dynamics, hazard of Carposina sasakii Matsumura and control effect of sexual pheromone in the cultivation pattern without bagged of apple trees, the occurrence dynamics of Carposina sasakii Matsumura in the field and the injury rate of fruits in no-bagging apple orchards of Yantai, Weihai and Tai'an were investigated via sexual pheromone monitoring and trapping, and the control effect of combination of sexual pheromone and chemical pesticide (35% rynaxypyr water dispersible granules) on Carposina sasakii Matsumura was conducted in Tai'an as well. The results showed that the adults of Carposina sasakii Matsumura in 2016 emerged from mid or late May to early October in Yantai, Weihai and Tai'an, and two occurrence peaks of the male adults were from June to September, without significant difference on occurrence dynamics, peak period of adults and duration between with and without-bagged cultivation patterns. The year-round number of Carposina sasakii Matsumura caught by sexual pheromone trap (ranging from 2148 to 5384 heads per trap) in no-bagging apple orchards was significantly higher than that in bagging orchards (ranging from 911 to 1235 heads per trap), and the injury rate of fruits in no-bagging apple orchards (ranging from 6.13% to 8.63%) was also significantly higher than that in bagging orchards (ranging from 0.38% to 0.50%). The control effect of sexual pheromone in early July and early September (63.70% and 78.19%) were slightly lower than that of chemical pesticide (66.62% and 80.94%), while the combination of sexual pheromone and chemical pesticide (95.86% and 96.85% in early July and early September, respectively) were significantly higher than that of single sexual pheromone or chemical pesticide. The results of this research will provide reference for the occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of Carposina sasakii Matsumura and lay a theoretical basis for environmentally friendly pest control of Carposina sasakii Matsumura in the cultivation pattern without bagged of apple trees.
