10 November 2017, Volume 31 Issue 11
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2081-2086. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2081A safe, high throughput and low-cost genotyping system for PGMS gene was developed to facilitate the breeding of PGMS rice using molecular assisted selection (MAS). This paper established a genotyping system for PGMS gene by integrating a rapid DNA extraction into CADMA-HRM analysis. 2 027 PGMS plants were identified from about 8 000 plants generated from anther culture with this system. Besides the PGMS and homozygous wild-type, heterozygous plants were detected among DH2 progenies from 117 DH1 plants. DGMS genotyping of 96 samples could be completed within 2.5 h including sample collecting and DNA extraction. All the operations from DNA extraction to genotyping were performed in a 96-well plate, no toxic chemicals and cross contamination. The established system for PGMS genotyping would remarkably enhance the efficiency of PGMS breeding.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2087-2095. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2087In order to establish and optimize AFLP marker reaction system using double-digestion of EcoR I and Mse I endonuclease in peanut, the extracting method of genomic DNA, the DNA digestion and ligation system and several key factors affecting the PCR pre-amplification and selective amplification were optimized in this study. In addition, primer combinations (E/M) suitable for AFLP analysis were also screened in peanut. The results showed that high quality of genomic DNA was extracted with the improved SDS-CTAB method, the concentration of DNA sample was 150~200 ng·μL-1, the DNA was digested 3.0 hours under 37℃, the concentration of EcoR I and Mse I adapter was 50 pmol·μL-1, the concentration of T4-DNA ligase was 10 U·μL-1, DNA ligation was under 16℃ for 10 hours. 2×Es Taq MasterMix was used as a PCR reaction material, which including Es Taq DNA Polymerase, 3 mmol·L-1 MgCl2 and 400 umol·L-1 dNTP. The total volume of pre-amplification reaction system were 50 μL, the concentration of pre-amplification primer(E00 and M00) were 50 ng·μL-1, the products of pre-amplification for selective amplification were diluted to 20 times, and the total volume of selective amplification reaction system were 20 μL, 10 μL Loading Buffer were aaded into the products of selective amplification, then denaturalized 10 minutes under 95℃, the products were transferred into ice-bath immediately, then conserved it. Finally, we screened 42 stable and polymorphic primer pairs from 225 AFLP primer combinations, which will be used for detecting the genotype of mapping population and analyzing genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources in the future. The results of this article provide technical support for construction of genetic linkage map and molecular marker assisted breeding in peanut.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2096-2102. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2096Leaf color mutant was an ideal material for studying chloroplast development, photosynthetic pigment synthesis and degradation in rice. In the early study, a green revertible leaf color mutants ygr was obtained from extened propagation of rice maintainers. In order to clarify the leaf color regulation mechanism, the main agronomic traits and photosynthetic pigment content of ygr were compared with wild type, and genetic analysis and gene mapping of this mutant were conducted in this study. The results showed that initial heading stage of ygr was delayed by 2 days compared to the wild type, and the plant height, the no. of effective panicles per plant, the panicle length, the no. of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight were similar with the wild type. Genetic analysis showed that the leaf color mutant traits of ygr were controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, and was temporarily named YGR. With the F2 population developed from the cross between ygr and the green leaf variety Nipponbare, the YGR gene was mappled between WY8 and WY20, and the genetic distances were 0.2 cM and 0.5 cM, respectively. This study laid the foundation for futher cloning and functional analysis of this gene and to analyse the mutation mechanism.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2103-2112. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2103WD40 protein, also known as WD repeat protein, is widely found in eukaryotes and is a highly conserved protem family. To explore the function of LrAN11 in Lycium ruthenicum, the fruit of Lycium ruthenicum was used as experimental material. The WD40 gene of L. ruthenicum was cloned by homology cloning and PCR, and named as LrAN11. Its GenBank accession number was KY131959. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the coding region of this gene was 1 029 bp, encoding 342 amino acids. The proten has a weight of 38.3 kD and the isoelectric point is 4.95. It contains five WD40 motifs, belongs to WD40 family. It is predicted that LrAN11 encoding protein is located in the cytoplasm. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that LrAN11 gene was expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit (fruit, purple fruit and black fruit), and the relative expression of LrAN11 in green fruit was the highest, the relative expression in root and purple fruit was the second, while it was almost absent in L. Ruthenicum, which indicated that LrAN11 may be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in L. ruthenicum. LrAN11 has high expression level in South Korea's wolfberry and 0901, but low in the other 14 varieties of wolfberry (P>0.05), indicate that the expression of LrAN11 has a variety specificity. With the treatment time of NaCl, the expression level of LrAN11 was decreased at first and then increased, and there was significant difference(P<0.05) after 2, 12 and 24 hours treatment when compared with control, indicated that LrAN11 may be involved in the response of salt stress in L.ruthenicum. This study laid a foundation for further elucidating the function of LrAN11 gene of L. ruthenicum and its application in the genetic improvement of L. ruthenicum.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2113-2120. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2113To establish a molecular marker assistant breeding for increasing the ratio of compatible crosses in Cordyceps militaris, eight single-asexual-spore isolates were isolated from 4 tested strains (GD1, JS2, SD2 and Zhong 13) of C. militaris, and were mated each other according to their mating type. Twelve compatible crosses were identified by the molecular marker of mating type locus MAT-alpha and MAT-HMG. Based on the cultivation test, the cultivation period, the yield and the content of activity compounds (cordycepin and adenosine) of the 12 hybrid strains were evaluated. The results showed that some hybrid strains displayed heterosis. The effective technique established in this study, which use the mating type genes as the molecular markers to assist the breeding of C. militaris, will be helpful for the development of cultivation of C. militaris.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2121-2127. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2121miRNA functions are involved in plant growth and defense, but simple and highly effective approaches for analyzing miRNA level still need to exploit. In this study, we developed a Stem-loop RT-PCR in cotton to analyze the contents of Gh-miR156, Gh-miR159 and Gh-miR5658. The three special primers were designed, including stem-loop primer, Forward primer and Universal reverse primer. Based on analysis of RT-qPCR Ct values of 10-fold diluted cDNA, the two sets of primers possessed highly amplifying effective for monitoring miR156 and miR159 levels, reached 102.0% and 103.6%, respectively. The sensitivity assays of Stem-loop RT-PCR showed that the limited contents of total RNA for monitoringmiR156 and miR159 were obviously different, which was 20 ng and 2 pg, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of Gh-miR156, Gh-miR159 and Gh-miR5658 in cotton root, stem and leaf could be well tested by this Stem-loop RT-PCR technique. These results suggested that Stem-loop RT-PCR is well fit for analyzing cotton miRNA level with simple and highly effective potential, which facilitates in plant gene function analysis, especially in miRNA regulation.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2128-2134. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2128Collimonas prokaryotic ZL261 was isolated from the alpine meadow soil at Sejila Mountain with 4530 meters altitude in Tibet of China. The strain was able to produce a high active chitinase which formed large transparent zones on chitinase testing medium plates. In order to clarify the category and the function characteristics of the chitinase, primers designed based on the extracellular chitinase gene chiI of C. fungivorans Ter331 were used to clone the chitinase gene in strain ZL261. The results showed that the chitinase ChiIQ is 1338 bp in length and consists of 445 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46.04 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.67. Sequence alignment and homology analysis revealed that the chiIQ gene had a high similarity (92%) to the chiI gene of the strain Ter331. The amino acid sequence of ChiIQ contained the highly conserved SXGG and GXDXDXE domains of chitinase GH18 family. Therefore, ChiIQ chitinase was a member of GH18 family. The prokaryotic expression vector of chiIQ was constructed using restriction endonucleases digestion method and expressed in E. coli BL21 successfully. The results provided the important information for application of chitinase, and the development and application of strain ZL261.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2135-2144. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2135For the establishment of an efficient and stable regeneration system in maize, the mature embryos, immature embryos, stem tip and young leaf segments of six inbred lines were used as explants. The callus induction and plant regeneration were carried out in the medium with different exogenous hormones. The induction rate and differentiation rate of these six maize inbred lines were comparatively studied and the growth statuses of embryogenic callus were investigated. The results showed under suitable conditions, sprouts could be differentiated from all different genotypes and different explants, while with a large difference in regeneration rates, among which the immature embryos had the highest induction rate and differentiation rate, followed by the stem tip and the mature embryos, and the young leaves’ were relatively lower. The medium and exogenous hormones were different for diverse explants, and the callus inductions among six genotypes were different too. In this study, we selected that three genotypes of Fu 80, Zong 31 and Mo17 with high differentiation rate, and established suitable cultivation conditions for the regeneration of stem tip, mature embryos and young leaf segments, which could be taken as the replacements of the immature embryos for callus induction. The result provided a theoretical basis and technical reference to establish a highly efficient and stable regeneration system for corn.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2145-2153. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2145Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are the plant specific transcription factors family. GRFs signal pathway mediates many important life processes, such as seed development, root growth, and flower development. In addition, upstream gene of GRFs had been discovered, and gradually downstream target genes of GRFs are being unraveled. This review focuses on the gene feature, biological function, and regulatory mechanism of GRFs. Meanwhile, the prospects and development trend of GRFs were also discussed. This review will provide valuable information for the related studies.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2154-2163. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2154In order to obtain the Chinese wolfberry cloudy juice made from Hubei hybrid wolfberry, and to investigate the effects of different enzyme preparations and different stabilizers on the stability of Chinese wolfberry juice. With soluble solids content and sensory score as indicators, the types and proportion of enzyme preparations and stabilizers were determined. On the basis of single factor experiments, the process conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of wolfberry juice were studied by Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The results showed that the soluble solids content was relatively large when the ratio of pectinase and cellulase was 2∶3, while the sensory score of wolfberry juice was better when the ratio of carrageenan and xanthan gum was 2∶3. The optimal conditions obtained by response surface methodology were as follows: compound enzymes dosage 0.9‰ (m/m), enzymolysis temperature 43℃, enzymolysis time 72 mins, pH value 4.5, compound stabilizers dosage 0.2% (m/m). Under this condition, the sensory score of wolfberry cloudy juice was the highest (90±1.53). Compared with the theoretical prediction, the error is 0.089%, which indicated the best sensory effect was obtained.The study will provide a theoretical reference for the production of Chinese wolfberry cloudy juice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2164-2174. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2164In order to make full use of faba bean, the extraction conditions of procyanidins from faba bean episperm. The procyanidins concent and antioxidant activity in different varieties of faba bean were studied. Procyanidins from the faba bean episperm was extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extraction conditions of procyanidins from faba bean episperm were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction were obtained as follows: 80% acetone shall be used as extraction solvent, hydrochloric acid mass concentration of 0.5%, material to liquid ratio of 1∶16, ultrasonic power of 400 W, ultrasonic treatment temperature of 40℃, ultrasonic treatment time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the maximum extraction procyanidins from faba bean episperm was up to 27.05 mg·g-1. Under the optimum condition, the content of procyanidins and antioxidant activity of different cultivars were significantly different. The procyanidins content in GF3 was the highest and TF29 was the lowest. The scavenging ability of DPPH was the strongest in Qingcan 14. The ferric reducing ability of plasma and scavenging ability ABTS+· were the strongest in Qinghai 13. There was a significant positive correlation between the content of procyanidins and the indexes of antioxidant activity, which indicated that the procyanidins from the faba bean episperm was the main substance to exert antioxidant activity. Therefore, faba bean episperm can be used for the production of procyanidins and can be used as raw materials for the development of antioxidant healthy functions food.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2175-2185. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2175The objective of this paper was to explore a method, which could distinguish different varieties of fresh sweet glutinous corn,by analyzing the difference of volatile flavor compounds in different varieties,in order to provide a theoretical basis for cultivating variety of corn. A method was established to fast identify the volatile flavor compositions in fresh sweet glutinous corn by head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis was adopted to investigate their flavors by SPSS and SIMCA. The results showed that different species of fresh sweet glutinous corn have their inherent flavor components: the main flavor components of Yunuo 7 were assigned to heptadecane, n-hexadecane, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 3-methylfuran and 1-pentanol, the major flavor components of Yunuo 9 were assigned to cis-3-hexen-1-ol, heptaldehyde, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 3-methyl-2-butenal, and 2-methyl-3-octanone, the flavor components of Yunuo 930 were assigned to 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, 2-(octadecyloxy)-ethanol, and the flavor components of Yuetian 16 were assigned to farnesol, epicedrol, octanoic acid. The difference in these volatile flavor components to a certain extent reflects the flavor of fresh sweet glutinous among different varieties. This research provides the possibility that using volatile components as indicators for characterization corn differences, and providing a theoretical basis for target species selection, also for the breeding of popular fresh sweet glutinous corn varieties.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2186-2193. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2186In order to explore characteristics of the reaction that TMAO decomposing into formaldehyde at high temperature in Penaeus vannamei, the effects of different heating temperatures, heating time, pH value and additives on the TMAO pyrolysis in model system and vannamei were compared in this paper. It turned out that the effects of heating temperature, heating time and pH value on the TMAO decomposing into formaldehyde in model system and vannamei muscle were coincident. The content of formaldehyde in model system and vannamei muscle tissue significantly increased as rising the heating temperature. Until the temperature reached 100℃ degrees, the formaldehyde contents reached a maximum of 24.20 μg·mg-1, 3.17 mg·kg-1, respectively(P<0.05). And the formaldehyde levels significantly grew in those two system within the first 30 minutes(P<0.05). The pH value was more closed to 6, the more formaldehyde generated. In all the additives, Ca2+ and tea polyphenol have a high relative inhibition rate on TMAO decomposing into formadehyde in TMAO model system and vennamei, which can effectively inhibit TMAO pyrolysis. In summary, this study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for understanding and inhibiting the production of formaldehyde by TMAO in aquatic products.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2194-2199. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2194In order to the determin the difenoconazole content in wine, a method using ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction on solidification of floating organic droplets (UA-DLLME-SFO) coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. The key extraction parameters influencing extraction efficiencies were investigated and optimized by orthogonal experiments.The results showed that, the optimized conditions were as follows: 30 μL 1-undecanol was used, ultrasonic time was 5 min and concentration of NaCl was 30 g·L-1. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits obtained for difenoconazole was 2.3 ng·L-1. The relative standard deviations were 3.5% to 6.2% (n=5). The recoveries of difenoconazole was in the range of 90.2% to 98.4% at spiked levels of 1 μg·L-1 and 50 μg·L-1. This study provides a method for the analysis and evaluations of difenoconazole in wine.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2200-2205. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2200In order to study the effects of storage factors and varieties on the α-solanine content of potato tubers, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- triple quadrupole mass spect rometry (UPLC-QQQ) method was established to detect the content of α-solanine. The changes of α-solanine content under different conditions (temperature, light and storage time) were studied by orthogonal test. The results proved that this method was quicker, more sensitive and repeatable. The content of α-solanine in potato tubers increased with higher temperature, stronger illumination and longer storage period. In this study, the influence ranking of three factors was illumination>storage time>temperature according to analysis of variance. The content of α-solanine in potato tubers could be lowered under low temperature and dark condition. The increment speed of α-solanine in Jizhang No.8 was high, and influence of storage time to Jizhang No.8 was more obvious than other four varieties which suggested that this variety was not suitable for long-term storage in controlling α-solanine. This study provides specific storage conditions that are suitable for the controlling α-solanine in different varieties of potato tubers.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2206-2212. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2206In order to investigate the effect of moisture content on thermodynamic parameters of lotus root slices, the apparent specific heat of lotus root slices with different moisture contents was measured using differential scanning calorimetry, and the empirical formula of apparent specific heat was obtained by fitting the water-apparent specific heat curve and temperature-apparent specific curve. The results showed that the apparent specific heats of lotus root slices with moisture contents of 7.26%, 69.14% and 55.61% were increased firstly and the declined when the temperature increasing from-30℃ to 15℃, and the peak values were 71.95, 52.95 and 27.63 J·g-1·℃-1, respectively. The higher moisture content in lotus root slices resulted in a higher peak value and latent heat of melting phase change region and the faster phase change were observed in lotus root slices with a higher moisture content. In the non-phase transition region, higher moisture contents contributed to the greater apparent specific heat capacity; the apparent specific heat capacity of lotus root slices was increased slowly with the increasing of moisture content. In the phase transition region, the peak shape was sharper and the latent heat was higher with the increasing of the moisture content. Most ice in lotus root slices melted at the temperature range from 0℃ to 1℃, and the peak value of the apparent heat capacity was observed. Fitting models for different regions were established using the apparent specific heat by taking moisture content and temperature as variables (R2>0.85). The results can provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of frozen lotus root slices during processing and storage.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2213-2220. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2213In order to investigate the upper leaves curing characteristics of different cultivars of flue-cured tobacco in paddy-tobacco growing area in southern China, yellowing and browning characteristics, dehydrating characteristics, degradation characteristics of chlorophyll, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and chemical composition of K326, G80 and Yunyan 87 as the were investigated using the dark chamber method and electric-heated flue-curing barn method. Results indicate that: upper leaves of K326 are easy to turn yellow and less easy to turn brown, and those of G80 are easy to turn yellow and so to turn brown, those of Yunyan 87 are easy to turn yellow but not so to turn brown. For upper leaves of K326, G80 and Yunyan 87, their proportionality of water loss rate are 0.495, 0.445 and 0.496, respectively, which are good in general; their degradation amount of chlorophyll are above 92% and their degradation rate of chlorophyll are above 1.28%·h-1, indicating their good degradation characteristics of chlorophyll; and the mean values of their polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity are 0.458, 0.612 and 0.263 U, respectively, which show significant differences between tobacco cultivars. During the curing process, the reducing sugar content of tobacco leaves increases but contents of nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium are remained to be constant. For upper leaves, the reducing sugar content of K326, nicotine content of G80 and total nitrogen content of Yunyan 87 are larger than that of others, while the potassium content of the 3 cultivars are the same. Based on dark chamber tests and curing tests, upper leaves of Yunyan 87 have good easy curing potential and endurable curing potential and fair curing characteristics; upper leaves of K326 have medium easy curing potential and endurable curing potential; and upper leaves of G80 have medium easy curing potential, bad endurable curing potential and poor curing characteristics. Because upper leaves of different tobacco cultivars and tobacco-growing areas show different curing characteristics, corresponding curing techniques should be performed according to the curing characteristics of tobacco leaves, in order to mainfest and exploit the potential quality traits of tobacco leaves, and enhance the benifits of flue-cured tobacco planting.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2221-2228. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2221The aim of this study was to illustrate effect of sodium nitroprusside (SN) on photosynthetic characteristics under different water states in different potato varieties. After potato cultivars of Atlantic and Desiree sprayed 0.01 mmol·L-1 SN during the budding period, the cycles of dehydration and rehydration were treated and the indexes related to photosynthesis were analyzed. The results showed that ABA contents without SN increased under dehydration and decreased under rehydration, but stomatal conductance, evaporation rates and photosynthetic rates were opposite in leaves of potatoes. With sodium nitroprusside treatment in cv. Atlantic, ABA contents, photosynthetic rates and SPAD values of leaves under drought conditions increased, evaporation rates and stomatal conductance under drought conditions decreased during whole treatments With sodium nitroprusside treatment in Desiree, SPADs and photosynthetic rates increased, but stomatal conductance and evaporation rates decreased during whole treatments. Spraying sodium nitroprusside increased the yield per plant of Desiree and cv. Atlantic, which was increased by 24.79% and 3.75%, respectively. Further analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and water transpiration rate in Desiree and cv. Atlantic, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9273 and 0.8183, respectively. It can be seen that nitroprusside can promote the stomatal closure of leaves under different water conditions, and reduce the evaporation rate of leaves, which can improve the photosynthetic rate and yield per plant. In this study, it is theoretically helpful to clarify the regulation mechanism of nitroprusside in photosynthetic characteristics, and it also can be used in drought-resistant cultivation of potato processing varieties.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2229-2235. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2229To clarify effect of water stress on physiological characteristics and growth under water stress in seedling of sesame, zhengtaizhi NO 1 seedlings were potted under four different soil water content levels of normal water content (soil water content 80%),severe drought stress (soil water content 40%),mild drought stress (soil water content 60%) and waterlogging stress (soil water content 100%). to study the effects of water stress on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, CAT, Pro and SOD. The results showed that the growth speed of the plant height was normal water content>mild drought stress>waterlogging stress>severe drought stress water content with the increase of soil moisture content, and the longer the water stress, the bigger the difference. The root-shoot ratio was increased under the drought stress and the root-shoot ration was decreased under the waterlogging stress. The content of net photosynthetic rate (Pn)、 intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci)and stomatal conductance(Gs)in leaves were decreased under water stress,the longer water stress,the bigger difference,but water stress had less effect on the transpiration rate(Tr). Drought stress promoted the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), waterlogging stress promoted the accumulation of proline. Water stress reduced the activity of protective enzymes. The difference between the drought stress and the normal water content of the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity tended to be smaller after the SOD and CAT activity decreased to the minimum level with the extension time of water stress, and the protective enzyme activity showed a gradual decline trend. This study provides a theoretical basis of water management and water efficient utilization for sesame high-yield and efficient production.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2236-2242. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2236In order to explore the drought resistance ability and construct a drought resistance evaluation system among different oat cultivars, six oat varieties were used as experimental materials the impact of drought stress (CK, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa polyethylene glycol) on oat seed germination of six oat cultivars were evaluated. Seven indexes of seed germination characteristics were tested including germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and etc. Based on the principal component analysis using GGE-biplot, the evaluation index system of drought resistance of tested oat varieties was constructed by using the relative value of index as drought resistance evaluation index, and the weighting membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance. The results showed that: 1) The seed germination and seedling growth were accelerated by low concentration polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)under -0.2 MPa and -0.4 MPa. The relative germination rate and relative vigour index of different oat varieties under -0.4 MPa stress were significantly higher than the treatments of CK and -1.2 MPa (P<0.05). 2) Drought resistance index system among different oats was constructed by combining principal component analysis with GGE-biplotto shift the seven seed germination indexes into three comprehensive indexes of Z1, Z2 and Z3. 3) On the basis of these three comprehensive indexes weight, the drought resistance of the tested materials were evaluated by the weighted membership function method. The results showed that the drought resistance of the tested materials were as follows: Oat Qinghai > Oat Sweet yan no.1 > Oat Ota > Oat ESK > Oat Phnum > Oat Drought. This study provided a theoretical basis for evaluation of drought resistance, the research of breeding and mechanism of drought resistance varieties.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2243-2249. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2243To analyze effects of wheat straw, mushroom dregs and rice husk returning on quality, yield and soil nutrients of tomato in protected house, tomato variety ‘Jin peng 8’ was selected as the material, and seven treatments were arranged with T1 rice husk, T2 wheat straw, T3 mushroom dregs, T4 rice husk+wheat straw, T5 wheat straw+mushroom dregs, T6 mushroom dregs+rice husk, and CK as the control. Results showed that returning significantly increased Vc contents of fruit except T5, Vc contents of T2 and T6 treatments were higher which was 1.51mg·kg-1FW, 1.48mg·kg-1FW, respectively. The content of lycopene in the treatment was 122.35~169.79mg·kg-1FW, which was 15.50%~60.29% higher than CK, and the difference was significant. The soluble sugar content had the similarly changing trend with Vc content, the highest soluble sugar content was T2 treatment, followed by T6 treatment, which was 41.90% and 38.10% higher than respectively. Meanwhile, returning effectively reduced the content of organic acids and improved the fruit quality, under T5 treatment, the organic acids contents was the lowest for 0.25%FW, while the sugar acid ratio of T2 and T5 treatments were 8.28, 8.64, and taste better. Compared with CK, the yield of T5 treatments were the highest for 106131.97 kg·hm-2, followed by T6 treatment of 104065.20kg·hm-2, which were higher than CK for 6.51% and 4.44%, respectively. The contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available kalium in soil were 167.69~209.71mg·kg-1, 78.01~86.25mg·kg-1, 206.25~348.27mg·kg-1, respectively. Considering the quality and yield, T6 treatment was more appropriate. The study provides scientific references for wheat straw, rice husk and mushroom dregs returning of protected vegetable production. The results of this study provides a theoretical basis for high quality of tomato, and the scientific returning of agricultural waste.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2250-2257. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2250To clarify the effect of drip irrigation on yields of spring soybean (Glycine max), Henong 60 was selected as an indicator crop, and crop growth index and soil physical properties were measured. On the basis of natural precipitation, four drip irrigation levels namely 0 mm (W1), 200 mm (W2), 400 mm (W3) and 600 mm (W4) were designed. During the test period, soil properties including soil moisture, soil hardness, soil bulk density were investigated, and soybean growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass, leaf area was measured, and finally soybean yields were checked. The results showed that drip irrigation treatment significantly improved soil physical properties. Compared with the W1 in the soybean growing stage from flowering to pod, the test treatments could significantly increase soil moisture, meanwhile it could also reduce soil hardness and bulk density. The order of soil physical properties was W4>W3>W2>W1, while the difference between W3 and W4 was not obvious. The drip irrigation could improve soybean growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf area. However, excessive drip irrigation could trigger the decline of leaf area and above-ground biomass. The change of soil physical properties and soybean growth index affected from the drip irrigation could bring positive action on soybean yields. Compared with the W1 treatment, soybean yield in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year of 2015 was increased by 83.68%, 61.58%, 23.51%, and that in the year of 2016 was 46.99%, 39.47% and 20.21%, respectively. The paper proved that the drip irrigation could improve soil physical properties, promote soybean growth and development, improve soybean yield, and the W3 treatment was the best. This study provide a theoretical basis and technical support for soybean irrigation.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2258-2264. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2258For exploring the suitable sowing and transplanting time of the flue-cured tobacco in Longhui flue-cured tobacco planted areas, xiangyan3 as a material, the evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco appearance quality, the economic character index(ECI) and chemical components usability index(CCUI) of the principal grade flue-cured tobacco leaves with different seeding and transplanting time was made by a fuzzy evaluating and weighted method in 2014 and 2015. The result shows as follow: the score of appearance quality index evaluation, the economic character index(ECI) and chemical components usability index(CCUI) of the principal grade flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the weighted value of the three indexes are the best with the treatments of “seeding on 30th Dec. and transplanting on 4th Apr.”. With the delay of the sowing and transplanting time, variation of score of appearance quality index evaluation, ECI and CCUI of the principal grade flue-cured tobacco leaves follows the law of “low-high-low”. Based on the above mentioned analysis, the suitable seeding time in the Longhui areas is late Dec. to early Jan. and transplanting from the end of Mar. to early Apr.”, which brings the benefit of increased yield and quality. This study provides the theoretical basis for setting suitable flue-cured tobacco seeding and transplanting time in Longhui flue-cured tobacco planting areas.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2265-2272. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2265The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of addition of sand on the physical and chemical properties of the soil of Hexi Corridor oasis. The experiment was conducted in the field of the vegetable industry park of Nanhua Town in Gaotai County, which is located in the middle of Hexi Corridor. The soil was mixed with the fine river sand at 0~20cm depth before the ridges were prepared and covered with plastic film. The soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of cabbage were determined and the economic analysis was also carried out after harvest. The results showed that the soil bulk density, pH and EC, and the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and alkalytic nitrogen were decreased by adding sand to soil compared with the control, and the above parameters of 20-m3 treatment was decreased by 7.77%, 2.35%, 6.75%, 13.74%, 11.91%, 25.34% and 19.82%, respectively. However, the total porosity, aeration porosity, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen were increased under the different sand treatments. Compared with control, those of the 20-m3 sediment treatment increased by 7.10%, 48.74%, 50.52% and 29.10%, respectively. After the soil was mixed with sand, the leaf height, the diameter and the compactness of the cabbage were increased, the center column was shortened, the yield increased and the plasticity index increased obviously. Under treatment with adding sand of 20 m3·667m-2, the average plasticity index increased by 1.248% and yield increasing by 8.83% compared with the control. In addition, the growth index and yield of Brassica oleracea were significantly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties. The meta-analysis results showed that adding sand of 20 m3·667m-2 was appropriate for the improvement of irrigation cultivation in the soil of the Hexi Corridor oasis of Gansu Province, and provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of cultivated land in the future.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2273-2278. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2273In order to study effect of Rehmannia glutinosa on the number and community structure of small arthropods in soils, the quantitative changes of small arthropods and their correlation with environmental factors were regularly investigated in field by removing litter, adding litter, and removing root of rehmannia. Results showed that removing root reduced the number of soil mites by 26.9%, which was no impact on the number of springtails and nematodes. Adding litter increased the number of mites and springtails by 72.96% and 121.9%, respectively, which indicated that removal of litter had no effect on the number of soil animals. The number of mites and springtails in September and October were higher than in other months, while the number of nematodes in May was the highest in the whole growing season. Correlation analysis showed that the number of soil mites was decreased with the increase of soil pH. It can be seen that the effect of Rehmannia glutinosa on soil fauna is greater than that of aboveground litter, and it is mainly through the change of soil environment. Meanwhile, the community structure of soil fauna had also changed due to the different response of different soil animal species to the addition of litter and removal of root system. The results of this study provide a new way to solve the problem of continuous cropping of Rehmannia glutinosa.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(11): 2279-2287. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.11.2279Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) is a novel type of active endogenous signal molecule following carbon monoxide(CO) and nitric oxide(NO), which plays an important role in plant seed germination, photosynthesis stomatal movement, lateral root formation and delaying plant senescence. Effects of H2S on plant resistance to biological or abiological stress have been reported in many papers. The objective of this study was to review the molecular mechanism of H2S synthetic metabolic pathway and the research advances in H2S alleviating various plant stressses, including heavy metals, high salt, low oxygen, drought, high temperature and low temperature and so on. The molecular mechanism of interaction between H2S and other signal molecules was also discussed, which is intended to provide a reference for further study of the mechanism of H2S.
