10 February 2017, Volume 31 Issue 2
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 209-217. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0209For discovering the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to drought tolerance of seedling during germination, QTL analyses for drought-tolerance coefficients of 12 seedling traits: coleoptile length, seedling height, longest root length, root number, seedling fresh weight, stem and leaves fresh weight, root fresh weight, root-to-shoot fresh weight ratio, seedling dry weight, stem and leaves dry weight, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot dry weight ratio, were conducted using three F9 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) populations. Total 28 QTLs related to drought tolerance were mapped on 12 chromosomes 1BL, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7A, and 7B, accounting for 5.61%-64.22% of phenotypic variance. Among these QTLs, six were detected by drought-tolerance coefficients of different seedling traits in a same population, and two loci located on chromosome 4A in interval Xbarc61~wpt-9675 and 6A in interval wpt-9679~wpt-8177 were detected in two different populations, which were more reliable for realizing the mutual authentication between different populations. Our work has an important significance for fine mapping technique, map-based cloning, and marker-assisted selection of drought tolerance in wheat.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 218-224. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0218In order to study the effects of drugs and radiation on bamboo DNA methylation level, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seeds were soaked in 5-azaC solution with different concentration gradient (0, 25, 50, 100, 250 μmol·L-1) and radiated by 137Cs-γ ray with different dose gradient (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90, 120 Gy) before seedling. The methylation levels of seedling leaves were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with external standard method. The results showed that after treatment with different concentrations of 5-azaC, DNA methylation level of bamboo was decreased. The DNA methylation level of cell was lowest (20.8%) under the concentration of 250 μmol·L-1 5-azaC. Low dose of radiation treatment had few effects on methylation. After being treated by high doses γ ray, DNA methylation level decreased to 26.0%, reaching a significant level. This study showed the feasibility of manual decrease of cell DNA methylation by directly methylation inhibitor treatment on bamboo seeds and revealed the correlation between dose of γ-ray irradiation treatment and genomic methylation, provided scientific basis of application drugs and radiation on moso bamboo breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 225-231. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0225As one of the important wild relatives of wheat, some studies have showed that the 1E and 7E chromosomes of Thinopyrum elongatum have FHB resistance genes, which has been considered to be one important germplasm resource for wheat genetic improvement. In order to break the narrow limitation of germplasm resources for wheat’s FHB resistance breeding and enrich its genetic stocks, Chinese Spring-Thinopyrum elongatum disomic substitution line, DS7E/7A, was used to transfer the FHB resistance genes into common wheat. The hybrid offspring of DS7E/7A and Yangmai 16 were irradiated to produce wheat-Th. elongatum translocation lines. Then, they were identified and selected by FHB resistance identification and chromosome specific molecular markers of Th. elongatum. Finally, 5 FHB resistance wheat-Th. elongatum translocation lines were obtained, and one effective technical solution was accurately and effectively established. The success of this study not only provides important intermediate materials for wheat’s FHB resistance breeding, but also provides important theoretical and practical basis for research and utilization of wheat’s wild relatives.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 232-240. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0232Drought tolerant sweetpotato variety Jishu21 (JS) and sensitive variety Jizishu1 (JZ) were chosen to reveal the drought-response mechanism of seedling roots from protein level and explore drought tolerance related genes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analysis the proteins in seedling roots by hydroponic with PEG-6000 to simulate gradient drought stress in the field. The results showed that based on the 60 differential protein spots in seedling roots of sweetpotato with different drought tolerance, 32 proteins were identified, among which 12 had definite physiological functions. In JZ, three actin proteins were down-regulated, while two 60S ribosomal proteins, one eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A and one receptor-like protein kinase were up-regulated. In comparison, one thaumatin-like protein was down-regulated, two peroxidase proteins, one phosphofructokinase family protein and gibberellin-regulated protein 6-like showed up-regulated in JS. Gene ontology analysis showed that the processes of sugar and energy metabolism in cytoplasm of seedling roots could be significantly influenced by drought, and the seedling root of drought tolerant variety had stronger ability of antioxidant defense, energy metabolism and signal transduction. In conclusion, the physiological regulation on proteomic level responded to drought varied between sweetpotato markedly, and the study can provide theoretical basis for drought tolerance breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 241-247. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0241FCM (Flow Cytometry) and CE-AFLP (Capillary Electrophoresis-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ) were respectively used to determine the ploidy and analyze the genetic diversity of 10 somaclonal stripe mutants and normal plant of Oncidium ‘Milliongolds’. The results showed that 10 mutants were diploids. A total of 596 fragments ranging from 100 to 1 000 bp were generated from 28 AFLP primers, of which 192 fragments were polymorphic. The total degree of gene polymorphism was 32.2%, and the variation frequency ranged from 12.3% to 19.9% between different mutants and normal plant. The genetic similarity coefficient of mutants (N1-N10) and normal plant (CK) varied from 0.8132 to 0.8838. When the similarity coefficient was 0.85, N1, N5, N7, N9, N4, N2 and CK were clustered to group I; N3, N6, N8 and N10 were clustered to group Ⅱ. It was concluded that genetic differences were found between the 10 mutants and the normal plant, which indicated there was different degree of DNA variation. These results provided a reference to create new germplasm of oncidium.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0248Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase catalyzes dimethyl allyl pyrophosphate reacting with iso-amyl alkenyl pyrophosphate to synthesize Geranyl pyrophosphate, a kind of terpenoid precursors in plant. In order to understand more about the role of GPS involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis at the molecular level. In this study, the cDNA full length of GPS gene (GenBank accession number: KT751181) in Dunaliella viridis was obtained. Aacetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ammonium cerous sulfate (ACS) and arachidonic acid (AA) were used to induce the expression of GPS gene in D. viridis. The GPS gene of D. viridis had a full length of 2281 bp, containing an open reading frame of 1449 bp, encoding 463 amino acids. The relative molecular mass of GPS protein was 53714.9, the theoretical isoelectric point (PI) was 6.66. Bioinformatic prediction of GPS protein revealed that the protein was hydrophilic, and had neither signal peptide nor transmembrane domain. The secondary structure analysis illustrated that approximately 47.7% of GPS was helix structure. Phylogenetic tree results showed that the protein sequence of GPS of D. viridis was similar to that of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The induced expression analysis implied that transcription levels of GPS gene in D. viridis significantly increased when treated by 62.5 mg·L-1AA, 0.2 to 0.8 mg·L-1ACS and 10 mg·L-1 ACS. Meanwhile, the content of carotenoids was also increased significantly. Therefore, GPS gene was related to the biosynthesis of carotenoid. GPS gene may indirectly affect the carotenoid content, by controlling GPP synthesis. This study will provide theoretical basis on molecular mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis study, and improving content of carotenoid though metabolic engineering strategies in algae.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 255-262. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0255In order to select suitable barcoding for the identification of Dendrobium officinales. Fifteen Dendrobium officinales and one Dendrobium falconeri were selected to study the molecular identification through DNA barcode technology. The results showed that the interspecific genetic distance were significantly higher than the intraspecific genetic distance with the 5 barcode sequences (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ and rpl32-trnL), that reached the basic requirements of the barcode, among them, petA-psbJ owned highest variable site (8.03%), indicating its evolutionary rate was the fastest, it could be used as one candidate barcode of Dendrobium. The results also showed that the identification rate was lower (<60%) with single barcode sequence, and the identification rate of core barcode matK+rbcL was also not high (68.75%), combination the core barcode with other sequences (more than 3) could significantly improve the identification rate(≥81.25%), the matK+rbcL+petA-psbJ was the optimum barcode combination in the molecular identification of Dendrobium officinale whose identification rate was 100%. In this study, , different germplasm resources of Dendrobium officinale could be distinguished and clustered roughly according different areas with cpDNA barcoding technology, moreover, the combined sequence of matK+rbcL+petA-psbJ could be suggested as the authentication code for the identification of medicinal plant species in the genus Dendrobium officinale. The study provided an important reference for the rapid identification of Dendrobium officinale germplasm resource.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 263-270. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0263In order to obtain high-yieding cellulase strains, strain C-8 isolated from Turpan area soil,was treated with UV and UV-NTG compound mutagenesis the production bacteria of high-yieding cellulase was selected after treatment.Quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design and response surfaced design were used to optimiaze its culture conditions. The results show that,the cellulase activity of UV mutant strain UV-5 and UV-NTG strain was increased by 1.15 fold and 3.23 fold,respectively.When fermentation medium containing carbon concentration of 3%, Nitrogen concentration of 1.5%, Tween-80 concentration of 0.15%,the cellulase activity reached 453.20U·mL-1,which was 5.49 fold of the starting strain C-8,and 1.7 fold of compound mutagenesis strain UV-NTG-10.The results provide a theoretical basis for amplifying cellulase fementation and future industrial production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 271-279. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0271Identification of novel sources of resistance and use of resistance genes in rice breeding are considered as the most economic, effective and environmental friendly method for blast control. Screening for novel sources of resistance in rice germplasm against rice blast is one strategic approach to achieve durable resistance. Obtaining novel germplasm and gene sources through space mutation had been recognized as a new technique for breeding. In fact, it has been proved that some excellent resistant germplasms induced by space mutation have been widely used in breeding programs for disease resistance. In order to make us comprehensive understand the genetic mechanisms of space-induced rice mutants’ resistance to blast, this article reviews recent progress in space induced mutation breeding and discusses the prospect of space induced mutation on the blast resistance breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 280-287. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0280A coccus-shaped, orange organism which demonstrates anti-radiation and antioxidation characteristics was isolated from radioactive environment. In order to clear the relationship between the antioxidation of Kineococcus radiotolerans and the biological activity of bacteria metabolites in vitro, a research was gaven on carotenoids by HPLC and LC-MS for their composition and property. The results illustrated that one product with a molecular formula C48H66O2 has a maximum absorption at 471.9 nm and 501.1 nm, and the other with a molecular formula C24H34O has a maximum absorption at 464.6 nm. By measurement of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activities, antioxidant capacities of different carotenoids were investigated. The results showed that the carotenoid extracts of KR had stronger antioxidant capacities in vitro, which about 1.22 of FRAP were scavenged at the concentration of 2 μg·mL-1 and 94.26% DPPH radical were scavenged at the concentration of 4 μg·mL-1. Furthermore, the protection of lipid oxidation and protective effects of DNA break caused were compared. At the concentration of 8 μg·mL-1, results showed that carotenoid extracts of KR had strong pretective abilities of lipid oxidation which is about 54.29% inhibition of lipid oxidation, and inhibition effect of it on DNA break caused is about 84.78%. The present study generates the basic data for in-depth research of the oxidation and mechanism of KR, and provides a basis for the antioxidant drug development of medical and health area.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 288-297. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0288In order to explore the effects of aging on amylase and malt quality of beer barley. The objective of the study was to explore changes of amylase activity and main malt quality properties with high temperature and high humidity artificial aging treatment in the early stage of germination. Unaged barley seeds as control. The results showed that aging decreased the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and limit dextrinase, there were significant differences in amylase activities of all barley between the aging 15 d and control. Besides, α-amino nitrogen, anhydrous extract, folbaeh and saccharogenic power decreasing and viscosity increasing gradually with increasing aging time. In addition, the activity of α-amylase, β-amylase and limit dextrinase and the α-amino nitrogen, anhydrous extract, folbaeh and saccharogenic power were significantly positively correlated. But there were significantly negatively correlated between α-amylase, β-amylase and limit dextrinase activity and the viscosity. In conclusion, artificial aging reduced the amylase activities of barley in the early stage germination and induced the deterioration of malt quality. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the selection of high quality raw materials in beer production.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 298-306. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0298The polyphenols of in Lycium barbarum L. extraction(LBE) was characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry using MSE(Q-TOF/MSE)data collection technology in order to study the potential nutritional value of LBE. The total polyphenols content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and the intracellular antioxidant activity was determinated. A total of 28 polyphenols were tentatively identified, of which 8 represent the first reports of these polyphenols in LBE. we confirmed that the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of LRF fruit extracts (LRFEs) were 3 320 mg GAE·100 g-1 DW and 579 mg RE·100 g-1 DW, respectively. Furthermore, LBE was found to significantly inhibited the ROS and GSH level in Caco-2 cell treated with H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that LBE could be applied in functional food, pharmaceutical cosmetic and other natural product industry because of the multiple polyphenols, flavonoids and high antioxidant activity.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 307-313. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0307In order to separate fatty acid synthase inhibitors in oiltea camellia extracts (OCE)efficiently, combined application of macroporous resin and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used. Macroporous resin D101 gradient elution method was used to separate OCE with ethanol-water as eluant, and then 40% ethanol eluted fraction (40F) was separated by HSCCC. The results indicated that the 40F had the highest polyphenol content and the strongest inhibitory effect on fatty acid synthase with an IC50 of 0.61 μg·mL-1. Two-phase solvent system of chloroform:ethanol:water:acetic acid (4:3:2:0.01, v/v/v/v) was used in HSCCC for separating 40F at the conditions as follow: upper phase as the stationary phase, lower phase as the mobile phase, revolution 850 r·min-1, flow rate 2.0 mL·min-1. And ellagic acid and 3-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated under the conditions with both purity above 95%. Combined application of macroporous resin and high-speed counter-current chromatography is simple and high efficiency for preparing fatty acid synthase inhibitors in oiltea camellia extracts, which provides the basis for the exploitation and utilization of the fruit hull of oiltea camellia and further function research.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 314-324. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0314Present study aimed to investigate the effects of winterization on fatty acids composition and volatile compounds of tuna fish oil. Fatty acids composition of the tuna fish oil was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), meanwhile, volatile compounds of the tuna fish oil was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using electronic nose and headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS. Results showed that the major fatty acids present in tuna fish oil was from C14~C22. Winterization resulted in the decreased of saturated fatty acids content (from 25.57% to 23.08%) and the increased of unsaturated fatty acids content (monounsaturated fatty acids: from 27.92% to 29.09%; polyunsaturated fatty acids: from 29.20% to 32.20%). Winterization was found to have no significant effects on volatile compounds of tuna fish oil. There were no significant changes in the type and content of volatile compounds before and after winterization treatment. The main flavor compounds present in fish oil were 1-octen-3-ol, 2E-Octenal, octanal, hexanal, heptanal, 2-Undecanone, 2-pentyl-furan and so on, which gave tuna oil fishy, oily, earthy, fatty and grassy flavor. Results from present study will provide theore tical data which can help to improve future processing and sensory of tuna fish oil.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 325-333. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0325In order to increase the peptides yield of Yak blood fermented by Bacillus subtilis, broth was hydrolyzed with protease. The ·OH scavenging race and the yield of peptide were used as main indexes to select suitable protease. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized by single factor test and response surface analysis. The results showed that the optimum conditions for alkaline protease were as follow: hydrolysis for 3 h, 190 U·g-1 of enzyme/substrate ratio, pH 9.5, 60 ℃. Under such conditions, the yield of peptides was 5.52 mg·mL-1, which was 2.39 times higher than that prepared by fermentation only. The in vitro antioxidant activities of peptides prepared by different methods were compared. Results showed that the IC50 for
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 334-341. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0334Alternaria mycotoxins, toxic metabolites produced by Alternaria app., are commonly infesting a broad range of grains and feeds, and the major mycotoxins of Alternaria include alternariol(AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether(AME), altenuene(ALT), tenuazonic acid(TeA) and altertoxin(ATX). In this study, we introduce the source, toxicological mechanism, detection method and degradation research in cereals, and try to provide a foundation for the degradation of alternaria mycotoxins, reducing the loss of Alternaria pollution and ensuring food safety.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 342-349. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0342In order to research the bacterial diversity of soil in Aqik Valley and to explore the interaction between the soil microbe and vegetational community, the NA and R2A solid media were applied to isolate and culture the bacteria from the soil samples, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were used to dentify the isolates. The results showed that the most quantity and species of bacterial colonies were found on R2A media, and 13 isolates were potential new bacteria and the other isolates were classified into 3 taxa, 4 genus and 20 species. The dominant taxon was Firmicutes, the dominant genus was Bacillus, and the dominant species was Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum. Compared with other similar environments, the biomass of cultivable bacteria of soil in Aqik Valley was low, and the majority of cultivable bacteria were extremophiles with strong resistance and salt tolerance. There are abundant microbial resources, functional microorganisms and new bacteria resources in this area, providing good material basis for the desert control, microbial agent development and related research. This study have important implications for natural ecosystem protection and extremophile species resource utilization.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 350-356. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0350
To systematically study the change of growth, physiological indexes and radiotolerance of Osmanthus fragrans Branches, three species of osmanthus were subjected to 60Co-γ radiation. Four different radiation dose (15、25、35、45 Gy) were conducted to study the influences of 60Co-γ radiation on the morphology of radicle and spear of three O. fragrans (i.e., O. fragrans jingui, O. fragrans yingui, O. fragrans dangui) and DNA, ascertain the medial lethal dose (LD50), the branches without irradiation treatment were taken as control. The results showed that the number and length of roots, soluble sugar and soluble protein content in the buds of three species of O. fragrans were negatively correlated with radiation dose. LD50 dose for branches of O. fragrans jingui, O. fragrans yingui and O. fragrans dangui were 39.77、32.19、 27.96 Gy respectively, indicating the radiotolerance of O. fragrans jingui is the highest, followed by O. fragrans yingui, and O. fragrans dangui is the lowest. This research can provide evidence for the selection of suitable radiation dose for Osmanthus fragrans mutation breeding and also provide for a basis for irradiation breeding in O. fragrans.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 357-363. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0357In order to understand the germination characteristics of wheat under dehydration stress, semi-winter wheat of ZhouMai 18 were primed for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours with H2O, 0.25 μM MeJA, 20% PEG and 0.25 μM MeJA+20% PEG. The seed germination experiments were carried out under the concentration of 15% PEG and seedling physiological characteristics were investigated and compared under dehydration stress. Results showed that 4 priming treatments significantly improved characteristics of seed germination and promoted the growth of seedlings under dehydration stress. Priming effects were the best when the seed were processed by H2O and 0.25 μM MeJA for 12 hours, while the best priming time of 20% PEG and 0.25 μM MeJA+20% PEG were 18 hours. Compared with control (nonprimed seeds), levels of MDA (malonaldehyde) were declined by 4 priming treatments in the best priming time. Priming accelerated the process of carbohydrate metabolism, increased the content of osmotic adjustment substances, and significantly improved the activities of antioxidant system under dehydration stress. Meanwhile, increasing of antioxidant activities helps wheat growth under dehydration stress. Therefore, proper priming treatments could enhance germinative capacity, maintain stability of the membrane system, improve ability of osmotic regulation and antioxidant, and ensure the biomass accumulation. This paper provided a theoretical basis for wheat cultivation under dry farming condition.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 364-370. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0364In order to explore effects of functional additives on Zhengdan 958 maize seed germination under drought stress, seeds were coated by the self-developed NA-MY additives and seed coating agents after mixture. Simulation of soil drought by 15% PEG-6000 solution, some effects of physiological effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Maize were studied on the seed coating by Biban as well as seed coating by the mixture of NA-MY additives and Biban under drought stress. The results showed that the germination cap ability of Maize under drought stress was significantly lower than that of normal water condition. The activity of POD, CAT and SOD, the relative conductivity and MDA content increased in the seedlings, although contents of chlorophyll a+b, and carotenoid, and root activity decreased. The maize seeds were coated by the mixture of NA-MY additives and Biban,which could obviously promote the germinating and growth of maize seeds under drought stress germination. Meanwhile, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidant in active oxygen scavenging system were increased effectively, but relative electric conductivity and acccumulations of malondialdehyde(MDA)content apparently decreased under drought stress. Therefore, maize seed coated by the NA-MY additives can mitigate the injury of drought stress to seeds germination and seedling growth of maize, as well as enhance drought resistance of the plant. This finding provided a theoretical basis for the application of NA-MY additives in the field.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 371-378. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0371In order to explore the effects of zinc and boron on ear traits of maize, a pot experiment was conducted with four treatments (application without zinc and boron, application of zinc, application of boron, application of zinc and boron), using a hybrid Yudan 606 and the changes of ear-kernel traits and grain quality were investigated. The results showed that application of zinc or boron could obviously reduce bare tip length and increase kernels per row and yields. In terms of the kernel traits, applying zinc fertilizer increased kernel length, but decreased kernel thickness,100-kernel volume and 100-kernel weight. The grain yield increased due to the increased kernel numbers per ear under the condition of applying zinc fertilizer alone. In contrast, kernel length,100-kernel weight,100-kernel volume and single ear yield were increased when applied boron alone. Quality characters of a grain were analyzed, and the results showed as follows: compared with CK, applying zinc fertilizer or boron fertilizer increased protein concentration in grain. Applying zinc fertilizer could significantly increase the content of fat, but applying boron fertilizer make it lower. Furthermore, there was no significant change on starch content. Compare with CK, application of zinc fertilizer or boron fertilizer also significantly increased zinc and boron content in grain. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of zinc and boron in the production of maize.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 379-385. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0379To explore the mechanism of NaHSO3 on plant photosynthesis, gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of beans and maize were measured under different NaHSO3 contents. The results showed that at low NaHSO3 concentrations, there was no significant difference in beans. The photosynthetic rate improved obviously at 5 mmol·L-1, while decreased significantly at 10 mmol·L-1. In a word, the responses of transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity to different NaHSO3 concentrations were accorded with the photosynthesis.What's more, with the increase of NaHSO3 concentrations, photorespiration rate of bean leaves increased firstly and then decreased slightly. In addition to 1 mmol·L-1, the photorespiration rates were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). The results of fluorescence parameters showed that electron transport rate of photosystem I (ETRI) and photosystem II (ETRII) of bean increased firstly and then decreased slightly. However, compared with CK, ETRI and ETRII of maize deceased under the treatments with different NaHSO3 concentrations It was exactly opposite that the responses of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) between bean and maize under the treatment with different NaHSO3 concentrations. The reason was unclear and requireed further study. To sum up, this paper exposed the limitation of traditional view and proved that the effect of NaHSO3 on photosynthesis was closely related to electron transport.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 386-393. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0386To explore the mechanism of photosynthetic physiology of foxtail millet yield reduction caused under weak light stress at jointing-stage, two foxtail millet varieties, Zhangzagu 5 and Jingu 21, were subjected to different shading intensity treatments (0%, 30%, 60% and 85%) at the jointing-stage for 15 days. The response of photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the leaf and yield of the foxtail millet were investigated. The results showed that the shading treatment reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), PSⅡ practical photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSⅡ), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), and quantum yield dissipated by non-regulatory energy of the blade (Y(NO)), ear length, ear weight, ear grain weight, and the yield of foxtail millet, but significantly improved intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and the quantum yield Y(NPQ) dissipated by regulatory energy. ETR, ΦPSⅡ, and the yield of Zhangzagu 5 significantly decreased upon 30% shading, but those of Jingu 21 greatly changed when the shading exceeded 60%. In conclusion, under weak-light stress at the jointing stage, the declined photosynthetic pigment contents, weakened capacity of catching and utilizing light energy, decreased PSII photochemical activity and declined photosynthetic rate cause the decreased yield of foxtail. Zhangzagu 5 is more sensitive to the low-light stress than Jingu 21. The results of this study point out a direction for enhancing the resistance to weak light to achieve stable production by improving the photosynthetic function of foxtail millet at jointing stage, and provide a basis for selective breeding of foxtail millet with weak light stress tolerance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 394-401. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0394In order to explore the response of Isatis indigotica seedlings to salt stress at different nitrogen levels, the Hebei cultivation population at the seedling stage under 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress were investigated by supplying with different nitrogen levels (T1: 3.75 mmol·L-1, T2: 7.5 mmol·L-1, CK: 11.25 mmol·L-1, T3: 15 mmol·L-1, T4: 18.75 mmol·L-1) in nutrient solution, and the changes of biomass, physiological characteristics and accumulation of epigoitrin content in root of Isatis indigotica were measured. It was demonstrated that the biomasses of Isatis indigotica seedlings increased greatly at T4 (18.75 mmol·L-1) level. Both the higher and lower nitrogen application can promote the activities of antioxidant enzyme in Isatis indigotica seedlings under salt stress. Moreover, the former can significantly decrease the accumulation of MDA and alleviate the salty damage effectively. With the improvement of nitrogen concentration, the activities of key enzymes-NR, GS involved in nitrogen assimilation, the contents of soluble protein and epigoitrin in roots of salt-stressed Isatis indigotica seedlings initially increased and then decreased. Significant differences in the regulation of different nitrogen levels were found between antioxidant enzyme and key enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation, biomass and epigoitrin accumulation. This study could provide a theoretical basis for physiological study of salt tolerance of Isatis indigotica seedlings.
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Using Gray Related Degree Method Based on Entropy Weight Theory to Evaluate Salt Tolerance of CottonJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 402-409. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0402In order to improve the scientific and rational evaluation method of cotton salt tolerance, a sand culture experiment was conducted under salt stress (150 mmol·L-1NaCl). Based on the salt toxicity coefficient, the entropy value theory combined traditional gray related degree method was applied to evaluate the cotton salt tolerance. Results showed that among the entropy and weight of salt toxicity coefficient, germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were the highest, followed by generation rate and generation index, and root length were the lowest at the germination stage. Howerever, at the seedling stage, among the different entropy and weight of salt toxicity, plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and net photosynthetic rate were highest, followed by leaf expansion rate and plant height, and shoot dry weight and root dry weight were the lowest. The cotton salt tolerance was different with cultivars and growth stages. Among 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily and highly salt-tolerant cultivars at both germination and seedling stages, the CCRI-17, Sumian22, Sumian15 and Dexiamian1 were steadily and moderately salt-tolerant cultivars, while Sumian12 and Simian3 were steadily salt-sensitive cultivars. In conclusion, the evaluated findings were objective and precise, and this method could be used in integrated evaluation of cotton salt tolerance. This evaluation method laid a theoretical foundation for breeding of salt-tolerant cotton varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2017, 31(2): 410-415. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2017.02.0410To explore the methods of tobacco-planting soil improvement, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of returning maize stalk and green manures and its mixed pattern to field on agronomic trait, photosynthetic characteristics and economic character of flue-cured tobacco. The results indicated that returning maize stalk and green manures to field could improve agronomictrait at middle and late growth stages of tobacco,which could increase photosynthetic active radiation, leaf area index and chlorophyll content, improve stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, and enhance net photosynthetic rate at later growth of tobacco. It could improve the ratio of high quality tobacco, output and value of tobacco by6.37%~17.65%,0.33%~15.47% and 0.09%~12.75%. The findings provide good popularizing prospect for the ecological improvement tobacco-planting soil way of combination of returning maize stalk with green manures application together to field.
