27 August 2016, Volume 30 Issue 8
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1453-1459. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1453To study the functions of SEP-like genes in bamboo, a SEP homolog was isolated from Phyllostachys violanscens, and named as PvMADS5. The full-length ORF of PvMADS5 is 687bp and encod a protein of 228aa. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that PvMADS5 belongs to OsMADS5 subfamily and was homologous to SEP-like protein from Fargesia nitida, Phyllostachys edulis and Dendrocalamus latiflorus. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed PvMADS5 was expressed in all the tested organs of flowering and non-flowering bamboo plants. Based on subcelluar localization assay PvMADS5 was shown to be a nuclear protein. Overexpression PvMADS5 in wild-type Arabidopsis delayed flowering, and caused narrow and small rosetta leaves, suggesting that PvMADS5 might be a floral repressor and involved in the leaf development. This study will provide valuable information for further disclosing the mechanism of bamboo flowering.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1460-1469. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1460To enhance the expression of the sMdCAX1 gene in apple and improve the ability of Ca2+,absorption and transportion, an overexpression vector containing sMdCAX1 gene were constructed and transfered to Nagafu No. 6 by Agrobacterium-mediated method. In this research, MdCAX1 gene was cloned from apple Nagafu No. 6 and the nucleotide sequence encoding the N-terminal was removed from MdCAX1 by PCR method. The N-terminal truncated MdCAX1 was named as sMdCAX1. For constructing of the binary vector harboring sMdCAX1 fragment, the Sac I sites in sMdCAX1 fragment were mutated by overlapping PCR method under the condition of its encoding amino acid sequence unchanged. BamH I and Sac I restriction sites were added at the 3'and 5'ends of the mutated fragment, respectively, and named sMd1+2Mu. The sMd1+2Mu fragment and pYH4215 vector were digested by BamH I + Sac I respectively. The objective bands were recovered, ligated, transformed and screened. The plant over-expression vector pYH4215-sMd1 was obtained and introduced to apple cultivar Nagafu No. 6 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 mediated transformation. The putative transgenic plantlets were identified by GUS histochemical staining and PCR testing. Two transformants were testified that sMdCAX1 was integrated to the apple genome. Moreover, sMdCAX1 gene was proved expressed in the 2 transgenic plants in transcriptional level by RT-PCR analysis. The study would contribute to further analysis of the MdCAX1 functions and laid a foundation for improving calcium content in apple fruits by transgenic approach. .
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1470-1479. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1470Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting alfalfa productivity. Identifying genes that control this complex trait will provide critical insights for alfalfa breeding programs. Illumina RNA-sequencing was performed in two alfalfa samples of control (WT_CK1) and NaCl-treated samples(WT_N1)in order to estimate a broad spectrum of genes affected by salt stress,and the real-time fluorescent qRT-PCR technique was used to verify the expression characteristic of random selected 6 key genes. These results indicated that 31 907 genes expressed differentially in alfalfa under 250Mm NaCl stress and control at 72 h, and 2 758 of them express higher or lower more one fold under NaCl stress than control including 199 transcription factors (TFs), expression of 1 338 among the 2 758 genes were up-regulated and 1 420 were down-regulated. The functions of a large proportion of differentially expressed genes are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic process, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and so on. And expression patterns of random selected 6 genes confirmed the results of the digital gene expression profile. The study indicated that the response of alfalfa under NaCl stress involved many genes and regulated by many collaborative biological metabolism, and changes of gene expression level maybe play important roles in regulation process. And the experiment found many candidate genes which were crucial for alfalfa such as bile acid: sodium symporter,late embryogenesis abundant,glutathione S-transferase, transcription factors and so on to endure salt stress, and will help to reveal and understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in alfalfa.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1480-1490. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1480Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays important roles in regulating plant growth and developmental processes as well as in response to various stresses. In order to learn the structure and the function of MAPKs, a novel tomato MAPK gene, named as SlMAPK9-2, was cloned and identified using PCR methods and bioinformatic analysis. BLASTP analysis on the NCBI database and MEME showed that the SlMAPK9-2 contained the conserved characteristic domains and motifs of the MAPK gene family further phylogenetic analysis indicated that SlMAPK9-2 was belonged to the D subgroup of MAPK and it was clustered at the same branch with StMAPK9 and NtMAPK9 in the phylogenetic tree. Using the Plant Gene Duplication Database, segmental duplications between SlMAPK9-2 and SlMAPK16, as well as between SlMAPK9-2 and PmMAPK9 were identified. Meanwhile, the Ka/Ks ratios were less than 1, suggesting that the duplicated gene pairs experienced purifying selection after gene duplications. QRT-PCR analysis showed that SlMAPK9-2 was expressed in all tested tomato tissues and highly expressed in opened flowers. Additionally, it was markedly upregulated by heat and salinity stresses, as well as abscisic acid and slicylic acid treatments. Promotor structure predicted by PLACE and PlantCARE also exhibits there are numerous cis-acting regulatory elements involved in the response to pathogen infection, hormones, heat, and dehydration stresses. These results suggest that SlMAPK9-2 may play significant roles in regulating abiotic stress responses and mediating phytohormone signaling in tomato. This research laid a foundation for further illuminating the functional and working mechanism of SlMAPK9-2 in tomato.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1491-1497. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1491In order to study the mutagenic effect of colchicine on germinating Chinese fir seeds, three sources of Chinese fir seeds were soaked in 0.9% colchicine solution, and then the seeds were sowed. 60d later, the mutation rates of seedlings were calculated, and the cell ploidy in different fractions of mutant seedlings was detected with a flow cytometry instrument. Results showed that mutation rates were different among three sources of Chinese fir seeds soaked with colchicine solution, the highest mutant rate was 23.45%, from full sib Z3#. The mutant seedlings obtained from three sources of Chinese fir seeds all showed a shortened radicle and a significantly swelled hypocotyl. Ploidy detection shown that 57.2% cells from the radicle were aneuploid, 42.04% of the lower and 9.15% of middle fraction of the hypocotyl cells were tetraploid, and all the cells in the upper fraction of hypocotyl and in the total cotyledons were diploid. Seedlings with significantly mutated phenotypic traits and cell ploidy could be obtained by soaking seeds with colchicines solution. The research has laid a foundation for further studies on creating new homologous polyploidy germplasms of Chinese fir.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1498-1505. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1498To explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms of drought resistance in Dongxiang wild rice, transcription profiling of Dongxiang wild rice, Xieqingzao B and introgression line M749 were conducted to analyze the expression profile of drought resistance genes using cDNA-AFLP approach. Totally, 27 differentially expressed transcript derived fragments (TDFs) obtained with 6 primer pairs. After sequencing and analyzing, we found the TDFs could encode various proteins, including transposon and retrotransposon protein, D-mannose binding lectin family protein, kinesin motor domain containing protein, plant PDR ABC transporter associated domain containing protein, wall-associated receptor kinase-like 3 precursor, lactate/malate dehydrogenase, oxidoreductase, terpene synthase, glycine-rich protein and SOUL heme-binding protein. Some of these proteins were tightly related to drought resistance of plant. Five differential TDFs were chosen for further qRT-PCR analysis, and the results confirmed the cDNA-AFLP profiles. This study was helpful in shedding more light on molecular mechanisms of drought resistance and also useful in identifying related genes from Dongxiang wild rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1506-1514. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1506To research the function of tobacco orf25 gene as well as the correlation between the orf25 gene and tobacco male sterility, the flower specific promoter PchsA was amplified from plasmid PUC57-PchsA by PCR, and replaced constitutive promoter CaMV35S in plant expression vector pBI121. Then, the orf25 gene was inserted into the downstream of PchsA to construct the plant expression vector driven by flower specific promoter PchsA. The sequencing results showed that plant expression vector pBI121-PchsA-orf25 was constructed successfully. After transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, it was used to transform the male sterile tobacco MS Gexin 3. 76 transgenic tobacco plants were obtained, of which 18 was proved to be transgenic positive by PCR, the transformation frequency was 23.7%. The results indicated that the target gene orf25 had been integrated into tobacco genome, which lays a foundation for the further study of the gene function and its relationship with tobacco male sterility.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1515-1523. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1515Zinc is an essential element, affecting human health. Rice is the staple food of the world’s population, while the content of zinc in rice grain is very low, especially in the milled rice, it is very important to develop high zine rice. In the current paper, studies on high zinc rice were reviewed, including zinc differences among rice genotypes and its bioavailability, zinc enhancement through agronomic measurements such as fertilizer implementation, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria infection, and breeding approaches such as conventional, induced mutation and transgenic breeding, which will provide references for production of high zinc rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1524-1533. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1524To study the effect of electron beam irradiation on the anti-tumor effect of ginseng . Ginseng C.A. mayer of Changbai Mountain were irradiated by electron beam, and the content of ginsenoside were measured, the inhibitory action on Hek-293, HCT-116, Hela and HepG2 cells were investigated; the anti-tumor effect in vivo, the content of MDA, the activity of SOD and the level of T-AOC were also measured. The results show that irradiation can increase the content of ginsenoside, and the changes of Rg3 content were obvious; the inhibition efficiency of ginseng extractive from 30 kGy irradiated to HCT-116, Hela, HepG2 is 75.63%, 85.33%, 84.87% respectively in vitro, which are higher than unirradiated ginseng significantly (p<0.05). In vivo experiment, the weight of tumor of irradiated ginseng groups are lower than that of unirradiated ginseng groups, and the irradiated ginseng can improve the anti-tumor capability through improving the body anti-oxidant capability of bearing tumor mice, and then it .This experiment provides a new thought for the ginseng anti-tumor research.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1534-1539. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1534In order to explore the feasibility of taro preservation by radiation technology, here we investigated the effects of different irradiation dose treatment on the germination rate, germinal growth and edible quality of taro to develop a desired storage method, with storage temperature (5 to 15, 15 to 20, 22 to 28℃) and species (Jingjiang taro, Fujian taro, Yunnan taro, Zhejiang taro) considered. The results showed that germination rate of the control group was up to 80.0% and the maximum germinal length was 20.2 mm at the 75th day while the taro treated with irradiation rate at 0.2 kGy had a much lower germination rate of 2.0% at the 75d and a maximum germinal length of 0.2 mm at the 32 to 38d. When the irradiation dose were at 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 kGy, no bud head was found in treatment group. The commodity characteristics of taro treated with irradiation dose at 0.2 and 0.5 kGy remained good after 75 d under storage temperature of 5 to 28 ℃, with sensory evaluation scores 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. The largest germination rate of four species of taro treated by irradiation dose of 0.2kGy after 75d was only 6.2%, while that with 0.5 kGy was 0. In summary, 0.2 to 0.5 kGy is the best irradiation dose for taro’s preservation. This research provided a feasible technology for taro storage.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1540-1547. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1540To investigate preservation effect of the crude protein hydrolysate from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed to chilled pork, The research prepared enzymatic hydrolysate(0.5%、1.5%、2.5%) as experimental groups, Nisin solution(0.04%) and sterile ultrapure water as positive and negative control and the pork was treatmented by the these solutions. The assay studyed colony forming unit technique, sensory evaluation, pH, volatile basic nitrogen value (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), drip loss indicating the quality of chilled pork. The results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysate can inhibit the growth of microorganisms effectively, delayed the rise of pH、TVB-N value and drip loss, decreased the oxidation rate of TBA, thus enzymatic hydrolysate had better effect in chilled pork than negative control and as good as Nisin. In all experimental groups, the 2.5% hydrolysate had the best preservation effect with logarithm total bacterial count 5.48 lg (cfu·g-1), pH 6.71, TVB-N value 19.8 mg·100g-1 in the 9 day,s storage and the shelf life was estimated by 9 days and extended to 6 days compared with negative control. The study indicatied that the crude protein hydrolysate from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. seed was a new type natural antistaling agent of obvious effect, low cost and high application value.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1548-1557. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1548To establish the regression equation to predict the quality and safety dried-salted fish on storage depend on the change of biogenic amines, the change rule of biogenic amines of dried-salted fish during storage at room temperature and predictive modeling of shelf life, the changes and mutual relationship of physicochemical indexes, main microorganism and biogenic amines in dried-salted fatty hairtail and low fat threadfin bream during storage were studied. The preliminary establishment of dried-salted fish shelf life prediction model was used stepwise regression analysis method. The results showed that pH, water content and Aw in dried-salted hairtail and threadfin bream continued to decline during storage, total plate counts, lactic acid bacteria, micrococcus and staphylococcus contents were on the rise in three weeks, then decreased beginning from fourth week, while pseudomonas and enterobacterium contents were not checked out after the fourth week. Major biogenic amines, such as histamine, cadaverine and putrescine, were on the rise during storage. Five kinds of biogenic amines (histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, tryptamine, tyramine), total biogenic amine, relevant biogenic amine indices, physicochemical indicators and pseudomonas had a significant correlation with the storage time. Only pseudomonas was related to the biogenic amine and its related indicators. It is to provide a reference foundation for establish the system of shelf life about dried-salted fish.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1558-1567. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1558Two early-bolting cultivars G-B30, G-B31 and late-bolting cultivars G-B4, G-B20 were used to study the dynamic changes of the sugar components, total soluble sugars, starch, soluble protein content and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen to clarify the physiological basis during lettuce bolting at high temperature. The results showed that under higher temperature treatment, apart from G-B20,the content of sucrose, fructose and glucose in 3 kinds of lettuce at bolting critical point were lower than unbolting stage.The content of total soluble sugar in two early-bolting cultivars were the lowest at the bolting critical point, while the content of total soluble sugar in two late-bolting cultivars were lowest at the beginning stage of flower bud differentiation.The content of starch at flower bud differentiation stage reached a maximum, while decreased rapidly during bolting.The content of galactose and soluble protein in early-bolting cultivars were significantly higher than unbolting stage,there was a trend of accumulation,while they were opposite for late-bolting cultivars. At the bolting stage, C/N ratio reached a maximum in two easy bolting species, the ratio continued to rising in two later bolting varieties during high temperature processing.As a summary, soluble protein, galactose content accumulated, soluble sugar, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch content and C/N declined during bolting. The above finding provides a reference basis for further study on molecular mechanism during lettuce bolting at high temperature.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1568-1576. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1568To discuss the effect of additives and their additive amount on the gel properties of myofibrillar protein from Dosidicus gigas muscle, a response model for hardness of the gel and four kinds of additives (chitosan, TGase, carrageenan and sodium alginate) was established using response surface analysis methodology based on the single factor experiment. The results indicated that the optimal proportion of four kinds of additives was chitosan 0.40%, TGase 0.50%, carrageenan 0.90% and sodium alginate 0.25%, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the hardness of myofibrillar protein gel reached the maximum of 859.85 g with the WHC of 96.34%. In conclusion, the compound additive has a significant improvement on the gel properties of myofibrillar protein from Dosidicus gigas muscle, which can provide the theory basis for production of high-quality gel products using Dosidicus gigas as raw materials.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1577To explore the composition differences of volatile substances between north and south Eriocheir Sinensis, electronic nose technology and headspace-solid phase micro-extraction(HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the volatile components in fresh, 100 and 150 ℃ heated samples. GC-MS results showed that both fresh crabs contain high alcohols, aldehydes and hydrocarbon content. High content of substances changed into esters and hydrocarbon compounds while it were heated to 100 and 150 ℃. Two kinds of fresh crab detected 1-penten-3-ol, trimethylamine and limonene. After heated at 100 ℃, both kinds of crab meat emerged 2-pentyl furan.After 150 ℃ heated,Yangcheng Lake Eriocheir Sinensis can detect high levels of limonene. Above results had a directive function for the development of crab food.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1587-1598. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1587Zinc is an essential trace element whichhas an important physiological function in both plants and animals including human beings. Therefore, the detection and identification of zinc ion have vital significance to chemistry, biology, clinical medicine and agriculture. On the other hand, fluorescent probe method has good selectivity, high sensitivity and operational simplicity, the design of fluorescent probes for zinc ion has become an attractive research area in recent years. In this review, thedevelopment of fluorescent probes for zinc ion based on different chemical structures of matrix parent molecules reported in the last five years, has been summarized. In the end, future efforts to improve sensors’ performance to meet growing needs are discussed.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1599-1606. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1599To study the effect of graziery on the aquatic organisms community in the Zoige Apline wetland, three sites named as control group A, impact group B I and impact group C II were set, and the stable isotope technique, multidimensional scaling and variance analysis methods were applied to compare the δ13C and δ15N values of aquatic organisms among the impact groups and control group.The results showed that the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope were-26.39‰~-21.17‰ and 3.68‰~6.61‰ for POM (the main component of particle organic matter is algae),-25.69‰~-23.43‰ (δ13C) and 3.19‰~9.53‰ (δ15N) for zooplankton,-28.00‰~-22.30‰ (δ13C) and 5.19‰~9.27‰ (δ15N) for snail (Physa fontinalis),-28.57‰~-26.87‰ (δ13C) and 7.36‰~8.06‰ (δ15N) for shrimp (gammarid),-30.83‰~-27.01‰ (δ13C) and 6.41‰~10.02‰ (δ15N) for fish (Triplophysa sp),-26.89‰~-25.95‰ (δ13C) and 10.24‰~10.89‰ (δ15N) for fish (Schizopygopsis pylzovi), of which the δ13C value was changed very little in POM group and zooplankton group, while their δ15N values were significantly different (P < 0.001). Therefore, the nitrogen stable isotope signature is sensitive enough to be used as an indicator for grazing interference in Zoige Apline wetland, and the POM and zooplankton was much better being the indicator species than other organisms (e.g. macroinvertebrate and fish) assessing the quality of environment. Moreover, our findings showed that the grazing had influenced the δ15N values of primary producer and zooplankton, as well as the top predator (fish). It suggested that the strengthen of husbandry management in Zoige Apline wetland, control of Grazing scale and the of animal waste had an important significance for the production of Zoige Apline wetland ecosystem.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1607-1613. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1607In order to prepare environmental protection of agriculture and forestry superabsorbent, and solve the single function P(AA-co-AM)/FA hydrogels have been prepared using γ-irradiation from a 60Co source. The effects of the dose of irradiation, the content of FA was studied. The water absorption rate and reswelling capability of superabsorbent was investigated. The results showed that the hydrogel composite containing 15% FA at irradiation dose 6kGy could absorb 437 times in deionized water and 61 times in 0.9%NaCl solution. After reswelling for 10 times, the hydrogel could still absorb 199 times, which decreased by 54%. The superabsorbent increased soil moisture content, which improved the water absorption and retention properties, overcome the problems of traditional method of more serious pollution and higher energy consumption. The superabsorbent that could save water and provide some nutrients was suitable for preparing agriculture and forestry superabsorbent, and provids some reference for the synthetic technique of hydrogels containing fulvic acid.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1614-1624. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1614The fenced measures could improve the ecological environment of degraded grassland, and it’s a main measure for restoration of degraded grassland vegetation in China. Soil respiration (Rs) is an important component of an ecosystem’s carbon cycle and the main pathway for carbon moving from the ecosystem to the atmosphere. In order to explore soil respiration’s diurnal variation characteristics and influencing factors in dry desert steppe in different weather conditions, we continuously observed Rs rate and environmental factors in growing season of enclosed (Ec) and grazing (Gz) desert steppe in Ningxia. The results showed that: Both sunny and cloudy variation of Rs rate showed a single asymmetric peak changing in Ec and Gz desert steppe. On the day time scale, Rs rate in growing season of Ec and Gz desert steppe both followed the order of sunny>cloudy, and Ec>Gz. And the Rs rate of the growing season in different weather conditions was in the order of August>June>October. According to statistical analysis, it indicated that Rs rate had a significant exponential positive relationship with air and soil temperature in different weather conditions of Ec and Gz desert steppe (P<0.05). And with the increase of soil depth, the correlation of Rs rate and temperature gradually become smaller. The temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10 was 2.743 forcloudy and 1.712 for sunny, and in sunny day Q10 was 1.508 for and 1.915 for Gz, in cloudy day was presented as Ec (3.145) and Gz (2.340). The temperature sensitivity coefficient was increased in cloudy weather conditions. A extremely significant quadratic model was observed for the relationship between Rs rate and soil moisture content of Ec and Gz desert steppe in different weather conditions (P<0.01). Rs rate had a significant linear positive correlation with wind speed and light intensity (P<0.05), Rs rate had a significant linear negative correlation with air carbon dioxide concentration (P<0.01). The results of principal component analysis showed that 0 to 20 cm soil temperature and moisture were the main influencing factors of soil respiration of arid desert steppe in different weather conditions. In conclusion, it indicated that the cloudy day enhances the temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10, and the sunny day enhances the soil respiration, and the enclosure and grazing prohibition enhances the soil respiration. The present study provides a theoretical basis to understand the role of different weather conditions play in carbon emission of desert grassland of Ningxia and other arid and semiarid areas of northern China,meanwhile, it also provides a scientific reference of carbon sink function in desert steppe ecosystem.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1625-1632. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1625Spatial variability and management zone of tobacco soil nutrients in Qiannan Karst mountainous area were analyzed using geostatistics and fuzzy c-means cluster, Guizhou province. Results indicated that soils were weak acidic in general. A very small part of soils were short of OM, AN, AP, ACu and AZn; a small part of soils were short of AK, ECa and EMg; most of soils were short of AMo. Soil pH, OM, AN, AP, AK, EMg, ACu, AZn and AMo displayed moderate spatial autocorrelation, and ECa displayed weak spatial autocorrelation. Spatial variability of pH, OM, AN, AP, AK, ECa, EMg and AZn were mainly caused by random factors, ACu and AMo were mainly caused by structural factors. Soil nutrients displayed spatial obvious trend effect. Soil pH, AP, AK, ECa, EMg, ACu, AZn and AMo showed decreasing distribution from several high centers to surroundings. OM and AN showed increasing distribution from north, west, south to midland and east. Study area was divided into four management zones (MZs). soil nutrients content tended to be homogeneous in each management zone and significantly different among management zones. This findings will provide references for farmland soil nutrients management, crop balanced fertilization, and fertilization efficiency in Karst mountainous area.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1633-1638. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1633The experiment was simulated autotoxicity stress by soil extract of grafted cucumber with continuous cropping.Using the cucumber and pumpkin seeds were soaked in solution with soil extract concentration of 100 g·L-1,supplied with 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L-1 GSH, investigated the seed germination rate,radicle length,radicle surface area,radicle tips,α-amylase activity,total amylase activity and proline content,in order to investigate the Glutathione (GSH) effect of relieving autotoxicity and the physiological mechanism.The results showed that soil extract obviously restrained the germination rate,radicle length,radicle surface area,radicle tips,α-amylase activity,total amylase activity and the proline content of cucumber and pumpkin seeds.Application with different concentration of GSH markedly improved germination rate of seeds,radicle length, radicle surface area,α-amylase activity, total amylase activity,and reduced proline content. According to these results demonstrate that soil extract could lead to autotoxicity for seed germination,while the exogenous GSH increased the activity of amylase and alleviated osmotic stress due to autotoxicity.The GSH concentrations of 100 mg·L-1was the optimum concentration for alleviating grafted cucumber autotoxins. The experiment provided a theoretical basis for the development of measures to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of grafted cucumber.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1639-1645. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1639To clarify the effect of different light quality treatment on the growth of polar, transgenic poplar line Pb29 was taken as experimental material, and full red light, full blue light, red and blue light, full white light four treatments were set by use of light emitting diode (LED) to measure the content of Cry1Ac toxic protein, morphological index, photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Pb29 under different light qualities. The results showed that the content of Cry1Ac toxic protein is the highest under the blue light and followed by the white light. Apart from the fact that leaf length/width is the highest under the blue light, the leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, the area of leaf and plant height are the highest under the red and blue light. While the content of chlorophyll b is the highest under the red light treatment, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoid and chlorophyll a/b ratio are the highest under the white light treatment and followed by the red and blue light, and no significant difference was observed between white light and red/blue light. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (ΦPSⅡ, ETR and qP) are higher than others under the blue light and red/blue light treatments, but the Fv/Fm is greater than others under the white light and red/blue light treatments respectively. While qN is the highest under the red light treatment. Thus it can be seen that different light quality can regulate the growth of the poplar seedlings. The result in this present study will provide a scientific basis for further study on the effect of different light quality on regulating the growth and development of poplar.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1646-1655. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1646In order to provide theoretical basis for the large-scale extension of maize intercropping soybean, two cultivars, denghai605 and dedou17, were planted in field experiments in Dezhou. Monoculture maize and monoculture soybean were treated as controls, four intercropping patterns such as the ratios of 2:4, 2:6, 4:4, 4:6 for maize intercropping soybean were applied to study their effects of different maize intercropping soybean patterns on population characteristics of photosynthetic and matter production. The results showed that intercropping treatment of 4:4 had obvious advantages, of which grain yield was lower than monoculture maize but has no significant difference. The land equivalent ratio (LER) and relative crowding coefficient (K) were greater in maize intercropping soybean treatments than that monoculture, indicating an advantage of intercropping. The aggressivity (A) and competitive ratio (CR) indicated that maize was the dominant species in maize intercropping soybean system. The economic outputs value of intercropping treatments were significantly higher than monoculture maize and monoculture soybean and ranged between 13.93% and 22.95%. The 4:4 intercropping treatment produced the highest economic output value, which were 4144.46 yuan·hm-2 and 3546.88 yuan·hm-2more than monoculture maize and monoculture soybean respectively. Intercropping population had higher leaf area index, photosynthetic potentia, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate, which ensured a higher amount of population dry matter accumulation, but harvest index was lower, which ultimately limited the increase of grain yield. As a result of the existence of marginal advantage, single plant organs and the total weight of aboveground and harvest index of intercropping maize were significantly higher than that of monoculture treatment, and no significant difference between intercropping treatments. Intercropping soybean, in contrast to the regularity of performance of intercropping maize, had certain negative effects. Therefore, under the condition of this test, 4:4 intercropping pattern held the relatively reasonable composite configuration and the obvious advantages of production.This study provided the retical basis for the larage-scale extension of maize intercropping soybean.
-
Study on the Semi-lethal Temperature and Wintering Performance of Passiflora edulis in OverwinteringJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(8): 1656-1663. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.08.1656In order to explore the changes of LT50 for varieties of P. edulis during overwintering period, seven varieties of P. edulis were employed to measure the relative electric conductivity of P. edulis. Analyzing the effects of LT50 processing time on relative electric conductivity, the content of MDA and ascorbic acid (Vc) by logistic regression, meanwhile, observing their chilling injury during overwintering. Results indicates that the LT50 has declined clearly during the winter period and ranked as follows: Pingtang No.1(-3.59℃), Zixiang No.1(-2.51℃), Banna No.9(-1.96℃), Banna No.10(-1.95℃), Banna No.4(-1.02℃), Rongjiang No.1(-1.82℃) and Jinsha No.1(-1.83℃). Different parts of P. edulis have different LT50, mud tip(-1.16℃), leaves (-1.39℃), annual branches(-2.83℃) and biennial branches(-3.11℃), indicating significant differences in LT50 for various parts. The observations and experimental results have reached the same results that Pingtang No.1 is the best for surviving in winter, and the wintering survival rate was 100% by taking proper cold-resistant measures. With the increasing of LT50 processing time, relative electric conductivity and MDA content increased as well, experiencing max increases during 5 to 15 hours. However, the Vc content was increasing first then decreasing and had the highest content during the period of 5 to 15 hours, which proved that the most injury effects of low temperature for P. edulis branches occurred during 5 to 15 hours. This research provides theoretical basis for breeding varieties of P. edulis with the strong cold resistance.
