27 May 2016, Volume 30 Issue 5
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 829-834. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0829
To study the inheritance pattern of a new male sterile mutant in maize. The sibling population of maize K305 male sterile mutant induced by 60Co-γ irradiation was planted in different locations, years and seasons, the male sterility was identified by using interior microscopic examination of pollen and the field investigation method. The nucleus effects were analyzed by the sister crosses, test crosses, and their selfing and backcross progenies with the sterile plants as females. The cytoplasm effects were investigated through analyzing the reciprocal F1 and F2 with normal inbred lines as females, and the fertility fully recovered test crosses and fertile sibling as males, respectively. The results showed that the male sterile plant exhibited closed glumes, empty anther, complete and stable sterility. The segregation ratio of fertile to sterile plants was 1:1 in the sibling and backcross populations, while 3:1 in the fertile selfing population, and the heredity of the male sterility was not associated with the varied cytoplasm. The demonstrated that the mutant, belonged a pollen-less type, was a genic male sterility controlled by a single recessive gene, which laid the foundation for further utilization.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 835-840. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0835
The green globular bodies (GGB) of Asplenium nidus, Neocheiropteris palmatopedata(Baker)Christ and Pteris cretica were used for 60Co-γ rays irradiation. In the 1/2 MS modified medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·L-1 IBA, GGB were irradiated at the dose rate 1 Gy·min-1 of 60Co γ-rays. The results showed that the shooting rate was from 98% to 25% when GGB irradiated with 0 and 60 Gy in Asplenium nidus. The shooting rate was from 100% to 38% and 26% when GGB irradiated with 0 or 80 Gy in Neocheiropteris palmatopedata(Baker)Christ and Pteris cretica respectively. The suitable dosage of 60Co-γ rays were 60 to 80 Gy for shooting from GGB in pteridophyte. The result of SSR markers test demonstrated that the specific SSR markers were associated with the mutants, among which, SSR-23 and SSR-76 were suitable for identification for screening mutants in Asplenium nidus. In summary, the mutation technique of 60Co-γ rays irradiation has been established in GGB of pteridophyte.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 841-849. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0841Kr1 gene is the dominant gene for distant hybridization incompatibility in wheat. In order to analyze its molecular character, the full-length sequences of the dominant and recessive Kr1 genes have been obtained by using Genome Walking and RACE PCR approaches based on its published partial cDNA sequences. The results show that, the Kr1 gene (4 006bp) contains a complete open reading frame (1 671bp) encoding 557 amino acid that could produce a complete peptide, which indicates the Kr1 gene is active. The protein tertiary structure of Kr1 is highly similar to S site receptor kinase in plants. The kr1 gene (3 945bp) contains a incomplete open reading frame with lots of termination codons in the 3rd and 4th exons, the read-through transcript cannot form, which indicates the kr1 gene is inactive. In addition, the difference of compatibility in wheat×rye, wheat×bulbous barley and wheat×maize was discussed in this paper, and the inactivation of Kr1 gene in wheat×maize is considered to be related to the maize transposon insertion. These results laid a foundation for further illustrating the function and working mechanism of Kr1 gene.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 850-858. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0850In order to study the genetic mechanism of rice lodging resistance-related traits,a set of doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross between indica cultivar Zhaiyeqing 8 and a japonica variety Jingxi 17 were used to investigate the traits related to lodging resistance including root thickness (BRT), total root number (TRN), maximum root length (MRL), root dry weight (RDW), root shoot ratio (RSR), tiller number (TN), plant height (PH), plant perimeter (PP), single tiller diameter (STD) and shoot dry weight (SDW). Using a constructed molecular linkage map, the QTL analysis was carried out at full heading stage under hydroponic culture and a total of thirteen QTLs were detected. Among them, only one QTL each for BRT, RSR, PP and STD was detected on chromosomes 8, 1, 7 and 8 respectively, two QTLs each for TN (on chromosomes 1 and 2), MRL(on chromosomes 1 and 6) and RDW (on chromosomes 1 and 12), and three QTLs for PH on chromosomes 1, 4 and 8 were detected. The highly significant positive correlations were observed between every two root traits by correlation analysis, and the aboveground traits of TN, PH, PP, STD and SDW also exhibited significant or highly significant positive correlation with root traits except for RSR. In addition, the multiple regression analysis also showed that there were significant linear effects between root traits and other aboveground traits of PH, PP, STD and SDW. These results will facilitate theoretical studying for further understanding the genetics basis of rice lodging resistance factor and formulating lodging resistance breeding strategy.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 859-868. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0859In order to provide molecular basis for the effective utilization of germplasm resources, the genetic diversity and cluster analysis of 62 indica rice parents from Southeast Asia were discussed by 29 functional gene markers reported as well as 72 conventional SSR markers with rich polymorphism, clear band pattern, and well-distributed in 12 chromosomes. The results showed that 6 functional markers and 26 SSR markers were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 20.7% and 36.1%, respectively. The total number of alleles were 201 and averaged 6.281 per locus with a range from 2 to 12. The number of effective (Ne) ranged from 1.067 to 5.399 with a mean value of 2.867. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.061 to 0.789 with a mean value of 0.515. The Shannon’s information (I) indices varied from 0.143 to 1.908 with an average value of 1.176. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.936 to 1.000 with an average value of 0.977. The expected heterozygosities (He) ranged from 0.179 to 0.937 with an average of 0.439. UPGMA clustering analysis showed that the 62 indica rice parents from southeast asia could be divided into six groups at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.805, most of materials from the same country were organized into a big or small category. Compared to the conventional molecular markers, the average number of alleles per locus and the genetic diversity parameter values of functional gene markers was lower. Rice varieties from different countries had a close genetic relationship and a deficiency of genetic diversity, it was indispensable to broaden the genetic basis of rice varieties from southeast asia. The results would provide a scientific evidence for parents selection, creating new germplasm resources and exploitation of heterosis in rice breeding.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 869-877. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0869To evaluate the landraces of C. moschata in Hainan Island, their genetic diversity and relationship were analyzed by combining morphological characters and ISSR and SRAP molecular makers. The result of phenotypic variation showed that all the morphological characters, excepting for runner length, growth vigor, fruit stalk and pulp texture, were differential among 28 Hainan Island landraces of C. moschata with the mean CV of 34.88%, of which the fruit shape was the largest. and some characters have remarkable relationship; All landraces can be clustered into two groups mainly according to the leaf size, color and the shape of leaf tip. The genetic diversity among 28 Hainan Island landraces of C. moschata revealed by ISSR and SRAP were basically the same, with high level. The H and PPB for all tested cultivars was 0.1943 and 62.90% respectively with ISSR marker; And with SRAP marker, The H was 0.2258 and PPB was 61.50 %. Furthermore, the UPGMA clustering with ISSR and SRAP was similar, all the landraces were clustered into five groups. But the clustering with ISSR and SRAP had low relation to that by morphological characters. Combination result of SRAP and ISSR showed that the mean GS was 0.7741, the genetic relationship between H13 and H17 was the closest among the 28 landraces studied, and the furthest one was between H31 and H18. There were rich genetic diversities among the 28 landraces studied; ISSR and SRAP markers could be effective for analyzing the genetic diversity and relationship among Hainan Island landraces of C. moschata. The results in the present study will provide applicable guidance for protection and utilization of Hainan Island landraces in C. moschata.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 878-886. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0878Lophopyrum elongatum is an important wild relatives of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which bears a variety of genes responsible for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. For the purpose of inducing expression of stress response and tolerance genes, Lophopyrum elongatum seedlings were treated with 100 mmol L-1, 200 mmol L-11, 300 mmol L-11, and 400 mmol L-11 of NaCl and 20% (w/v), 30% (w/v), 50% (w/v) of PEG-16000, the full-1length cDNAs were synthesized by using a modified SMART(switching mechanism at 5'end of RNA transcript)method. And a mixed full-1length entry cDNA library of Lophopyrum elongatum was constructed with BP reaction in Gateway Technology, the titer is 4.0×106 cfu mL-1, the capacity is 2.0×107 cfu, with an average of 0.75 kb insert fragments and 98.9% of recombination rate. This entry cDNA library was subsequently shuttled into the plant transgenic binary vector of pMDC83 to obtain the destination library by LR reaction. The original titer of the destination library was 6×106 cfu mL-11, the capacity is 3.0×107 cfu, the average length of insert fragment was 0.45 kb and the recombination rate was 100%. The transgenic T0 generation seeds of maize were obtained by pollinating the pollens which were germinated and infected by Agrobacterium carrying the destination cDNA library. The transgenic rate was 3%. Meanwhile, the destination library was transformed into BY-12 cells through co-1incubation of Agrobacterium and BY-12 cell. 69 salt tolerant cell lines were obtained by screening with homomycin resistance coupled with 50 or 100 mmol L-11 NaCl. This study established a rapid and high throughput method for screening and identification of the salt resistance genes at both plant level and cell level.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 887-896. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0887Screening of the plant DNA barcode was mainly based on the chloroplast genes, including matK, rbcL, UPA, rpoB, rpoC1, accD, ndhJ, YCF5 located in the coding region and those in interval area, like trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF, atpF-atpH, trnD-trnY, psbI-psbK and so on, among them, the matK, rbcL and trnH-psbA were studied thoroughly and could be used as the core barcode sequences. The optimal barcode sequence in different plant populations had great difference, due to different evolutionary rates among genes and the frequent hybridizations among populations, and other reasons. The latest research progress of DNA barcode and the barcode technology in the species identification, taxonomy issue revision, discovery of new and covert species, herbs authenticity, food quality control and safety, entry and exit inspection and quarantine and so on was reviewed in this article,The deficiency in application of cpDNA barcode and the solutions were proposed, Also, the further development of DNA barcode were forecasted. This review will provide powerful basis of the application of the DNA barcode in higher plants.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 897-903. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0897
To investigate the differences between electron beam irradiation and gamma irradiation, chilled pork was irradiated through two irradiation treatments and study the lipid oxidation, nutritional, physicochemical and sensory qualities indicating the quality of chilled pork. The results showed that the TBARS、carbonyl values and dienes values of irradiated chilled pork increased significantly, and these indexes were higher in gamma irradiation groups. The a*, a*/b*, cooking loss and shear force of irradiated samples were significantly higher than control group and the odor in irradiated samples was better comparing with control samples. The content of fat、protein and moisture have no significantly change. In conclusion, irradiation treatment accelerate the oxidation of chilled pork, but the electron beam irradiation had slighter oxidation effect compared with isodose gamma irradiation and the nutritional、physicochemical and sensory qualities were better than gamma ray irradiation, thus the electron beam irradiation had better effect in chilled pork preservation. The research was helpful for guiding the application of electron beam irradiation in chilled pork preservation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 904-911. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0904The present work established the interaction system between myofibril proteins and flavor compounds, aiming at illustrating the mechanism of myofibril proteins absorbing volatile compounds. This paper investigated the effects of the myofibril proteins concentrations on the adsorbing ability of myofibril proteins for 17 typical flavor compounds. Our results showed that the concentrations of the myofibril proteins and the types of flavor compounds had significant effect on the absorbing capacity. The sequence for the absorbing capacity of flavor compounds was following: aldehydes > esters > ketones > alcohols for a certain concentration of proteins. With the increase of concentrations of myofibril proteins from 2 to 4 mg·mL-1, the absorbing capacity for all types of flavor compounds increased significantly. When the concentrations from 4 to 6 mg·mL-1, only the absorbing capacity for 2-methyl-butanal, pentanal, hexanal and butyric acid ethyl ester elevated significantly. While the concentrations increased to 8 mg·mL-1, the absorbing capacity for all the flavor compounds decreased significantly. Within a certain concentration of myofibril proteins, the increase of the adsorbing capacity could attribute to the partition coefficients of the flavor compounds in the air/water phases. However, the subsequent decrease of adsorbing capacity with the excess protein concentrations is assumed to be directly related to the improvement of interaction between proteins or the reducing of surface tension. This paper provides a powerful evidence for understanding the key parameters such as protein concentrations and the types of Volatile compounds, and improving the flavor of protein products during meat progressing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 912-919. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0912In order to improve the quality of hairtail surimi products, the effects of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) on the proteolysis and gel properties of hairtail surimi were determined by the trichloroacetic acid-soluble (TCA-soluble) peptide content, protein components and gel strength. The results showed that: the autolysis of hairtail surimi was significantly associated with temperture. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) of hairtail surimi protein was gradually disappeared, as the temperature increased.. Meanwhile, TCA-soluble peptide increased to the maximum value of 1.3μmol tyrosine·g-1 at 70℃. Proteolysis in both kamaboko and modori gels were inhibited by STI. With the addition of 0.10‰ STI, they had the lowest TCA-soluble peptide of 0.13 and 0.30μmol tyrosine·g-1, the highest gel strength of 414.74 and 1 262.28 g·mm, and the expressible moisture content dropped to 5.44% and 3.76%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the gel structure of hairtail surimi, was more dense and uniform under the electron microscope, and the gel whiteness slightly decreased. It was concluded that STI could effectively improve the quality of hairtail surimi products, thus providing a basis for the production of high-quality hairtail surimi
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 920-925. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0920The study aims to explore the antioxidant capacity of polysaccharide fraction from Sargassum fusiforme in vitro. Polysaccharide fractions with biological activity from Sargassum fusiforme were separated by DEAE-52, and the components polysaccharide were scanned by infrared spectral. The purified polysaccharides were evaluated on their antioxidant activities including DPPH assay,superoxide radical assay,hydroxyl assay,lipid peroxidation and reducing capacity assay. Gradient elution of 0 to 2M NaCl chromatography applied to non-protein polysaccharides led to 3 major constituents, of which compounds SFPSⅠ(eluted by 0.5M NaCl)、SFPSⅡ(eluted by 0.75M NaCl)、SFPSⅢ(eluted by 1.0M NaCl) showed sugar characteristic absorption peaks in infrared spectrum and strong anti-oxidation activity. SFPS Ⅲ had the best anti-oxidation activity with DPPH·IC50 0.499μg, ·OH IC50 0.48μg,
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 926-933. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0926Barley grains of Ganpi 4 were selected as the research object to determine the parameters of UV spectrophotometry for the lipoxygenase (LOX-1) activity measurement. The effects of substrate concentration, extraction buffer pH, buffer pH of reaction system, extraction time and the ratio between extraction and substrate addition on LOX-1 activity measured by UV spectrophotometry were studied. The results indicated that LOX-1 activity increased at first, and then decreased with the substrate concentration increasing, and the peak activity appeared at 0.30 mmol·L-1 of substrate concentration, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments; with the increasing of extraction buffer pH, the LOX-1 activity varied with two peaks and the enzyme activity reached 9.85 U·g-1 at pH 5.0, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments; LOX-1 activity which was extracted for 30min was significantly higher than that of the other treatments, and the enzyme activity had the trend of decrease at the extraction time which above or below 30min; when the extraction addition was 50 μL and other conditions remained unchanged, LOX-1 activity increased at first, and then decreased as the substrate addition increased, and the enzyme activity with the substrate addition of 200 μL was significantly higher than that the other treatments. Finally, the parameters of UV spectrophotometry were determined: 30 minutes extraction time, 0.25 mmol·L-1 substrate concentration, pH 5.0 acetate extraction buffer, pH 6.4 phosphate reaction system buffer, and 1∶4 as the ratio between extraction and substrate addition. The results can be used as the reference for the determination of LOX-1 activity in barley grain by UV spectrophotometry.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 934-940. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0934In order to evaluate the possibility of esterase from wheat bran for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, sensitization effect of surfactants on the fast blue B salt chromogenic reaction system were determined, and sensitivity and limit of detection of 6 different pesticides detection (dichlorvos, isoprocarb, carbaryl, methyl parathion, carbosulfan and rogor) by wheat bran esterase-α-naphthol-fast blue B salt reaction were measured. The results indicated that the anion surfactant SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfonate) could sensitize the colour reaction, and the absorbance value was increased by 152.76% when the SDS was added as concentration of 4.0%. The most restricted time of isoprocarb on the esterase for was 40 minutes, while other pesticides restricted time were 30 minutes. The sensitivity of wheat bran esterase to 6 different pesticides ranged in order as follow: dichlorvos > isoprocarb > carbaryl >methyl parathion > carbosulfan > rogor, and IC50 value were 0.136, 0.375, 0.641, 1.366, 2.361 and 2.651 mg·L-1 respectively. The esterase had more sensitivity to the methyl parathion oxidated by bromine, and the IC50 was 0.089 mg·L-1. In conclusion, the wheat bran esterase has higher sensitivity in the rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. And the obtained esterase could meet the requirement for enzyme inhibition rapid detection of pesticides residues. It enriched a foundation for the application of wheat bran esterase in rapid detection of pesticide residues.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 941-948. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0941In this paper, the stability of anthocyanins in blueberry beverage as an indicator, it was researched that the effects of different sterilization conditions and package forms on stability of anthocyanins in blueberry beverage. Results showed that the blueberry beverage had a more stable pH value and a good palatability in which the amount of blueberry juice was 200g·L-1, sucrose was 70g·L-1, citric acid was 1.1g·L-1, sodium citrate is 0.3g·L-1. The different sterilization conditions, HTST(high temperature short time) steriliztion (121℃, 10s), filled after heating in 100℃ for 12 minutes and heating in 100℃ for 14 minutes after filled, was used to sterilize, the preservation rates of anthocyanins were 83.20%, 78.21% and 80.83%, respectively. Different package forms, full-label(bottle cover rate 96%), semi-label(bottle cover rate 60%) and bare-label(bottle cover rate 0), was used to pack blueberry juice beverage, the preservation rates of anthocyanins were 91.58%, 89.15% and 86.16%, respectively. Therefore, taking HTST sterilization(121℃, 10s) and stored with the full-label packaging, is advantageous to anthocyanins stabilization. This study is of great significance to the blueberry beverage production and storage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 949-956. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0949In order to explore the transformation and degradation of cycloxaprid (CYC) in aerobic soil, 14C-labeled racemic CYC was used to investigate the rapid degradation of CYC in soils under aerobic conditions by liquid scintillation measurement technology and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with chiral liquid chromatography column, and to explore the possible enantioselectivity in bound residue formation and the degradation of CYC isomers. Results showed that no enantioselectivity was found in the formation of bound residue and the degradation of CYC isomers in aerobic soils during the whole incubation. Bound residue formed rapidly in the three soils and followed the order of yellow loamy soil>coastal saline soil>red clay soil. CYC is classified as an easily degraded insecticide and its degradation dynamics fit well to the first-order kinetic equation. CYC half-lives in yellow loamy soil, coastal saline soil, and red clay soil were 53.32 h, 77.02 h, and 23.10 h, respectively. Further statistical analysis on the correlation between the half-lives and soil physicochemical properties showed that soil pH was one of the most influential factors. This study provides useful basis for the formal registration and the scientific use of CYC.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 957-964. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0957In order to reveal the relationship between water and nitrogen on paddy fields under wheat straw-returning conditions,a field experiment was conducted to study the short-term effects of different irrigation methods (submerged irrigation, shallow-wet control irrigation, conventional irrigation) and nitrogen fertilization levels of 180, 225, and 270 kg·hm-2, respectively, on soil nutrients, enzyme activity and carbon pool under wheat straw-returning conditions in paddy fields. The results showed that under the same water management, paddy soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available K content, easily oxidizable organic carbon content, invertase, catalase and rice yield all increased at first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level. At the nitrogen application level of 180 kg·hm-2 shallow-wet control irrigation can significantly improve the paddy soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content, submerged irrigation significantly decreased the soil readily oxidizable organic carbon content, water soluble organic carbon content and invertase, catalase activity, comparing with the conventional irrigation. At the nitrogen application level of 225 kg·hm-2 and 270 kg·hm-2, shallow-wet control irrigation can significantly improve the paddy soil total nitrogen content and rice yield, submerged irrigation significantly reduced water soluble organic carbon content and catalase activity, compared with the conventional irrigation. Therefore, under short-term condition, shallow-wet control irrigation mode with nitrogen application of 225 kg·hm-2 in the wheat straw-returning field had significant advantagesin improving soil nutrients, increasing soil enzyme activity, soil carbon pool content and rice yield, compared to other treatments. This study provided the scientific basis for formulating a reasonable and efficient management of water and fertilizer policy in this region.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 965-970. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0965The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different amounts (0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%) and different size (5, 2, 0.25 and 0.15 mm) of alum plasma (obtained from Wenzhou Alum mine) application in to a paddy soil on Olsen-P, available Al, Si, and K, activities of soil enzymes, K, Si uptake and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhongjia-Zao). Results showed that alum plasma particle was 0.5~1.0 μm with specific surface area of 8.73 m2·g-1, and was rich in Al, Si and K. Alum plasma with 0.25 mm and pH 6.8 showed the best effect on P immobilization. Incorporation of alum plasma significantly decreased soil Olsen-P, but increased available K, available Si, and exchangeable Al, and the range extended with increasing of applied alum plasma. The treatments of 0.1% alum plasma significantly enhanced the contents of si and K in shoot of rice, and increased yield of rice compared with control. However, treatments of 5% and 10% alum plasma treatments caused negative effects on activities of soil enzymes and rice yield, which might be due to toxicity of exchangeable Al with the relative high amendments of alum plasma. Taken together, application of 0.01%~0.1% alum plasma can be a promising technology to control eutrophication and improve soil quality. This study provided a technical support for effective control in soil P leaching.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 971-977. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0971In order to investigate effect of eco-planting and breeding of rice and frogs on the relation between soil nutrient supplying and the functions of microbiology the indexes, including the population of soil microorganisms, microbial activities, acid phosphatase activities, and inorganic phosphorus contents in treatment and control field, which was applied with pesticides and chemical fertilizers, were determined at different stages. The results indicated that the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi increased with the prolonged periods after planting and breeding of rice and frogs. The microbial activities, the acid phosphatase activities, and the inorganic phosphorus contents in the treated group were significantly higher than these in the control group after the frogs were bred from 60 to 90 d. In addition, these dominant microorganisms benefited for the nutrition circulation, and the frog breeding promoted microbial activities, acid phosphatase activities, and soluble inorganic phosphorus contents of the soil. Thus, the eco-planting and breeding of rice and frog increased the number of soil microorganisms including Bacillus megatherium and microbial activities, improved acid phosphatase activities, promoted the transfer of indissolvable phosphorus to the dissolvable phosphorus, and finally increased the use of soil phosphorus. In conclusion, eco-planting and breeding of rice and frogs provided a new mode for increasing economic benefits of rice field.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 978-987. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0978In order to reveal the effect of seeding date on different conventional japonica rice varieties in Zhejiang province and confirm the optimum seeding date for most varieties. In the present study, 16 conventional japonica rice varieties in 6 different seeding dates were used to reveal the effect of seeding date on the agronomic traits and grain yield based on the production practice in Zhejiang province. The results showed as follows: the heading date was delayed. The growth duration were shortened with length of panicles, leaf age and plant height decreased, while grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight firstly rose and then declined. Considering all the above results, the optimum seeding date for most varieties is mid-June. This study could provide a reference for arranging seeding date to get high grain yield of conventional japonica rice varieties.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 988-996. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0988In order to investigate the effects of different stress on biological and chracteristics of seedlings from maize, different concentrations of brassinolide was applied to maize seed.The effects of EBR on relative electric conductivity (REC),malondiadehyde (MDA) content,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,peroxidase (POD) activity,catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, praline,soluble sugar contents and different growth indicators were studied under NaCl and low temperature stress(15℃).The results indicated that 0.050 mg·L-1 EBR significantly alleviated the damage caused by 180 mmol·L-1 NaCl. Specifically, seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index and relative water content, root/shoot ratio were increased significantly, the relative electric conductivity decreased, reducing the salt harm index; plant height, root length and plant fresh weight was also increased significantly;the activities of POD,CAT,SOD and APX were increased correspondingly, and contents of proline and soluble sugar increased correspondingly, while contents of MDA were decreased.Under low temperature (15℃) stress, compared with the normal temperature(25℃), the concentration range of 0.001~1.000 mg·L-1 EBR can increase the maize plant height, root length, fresh, dry weight per plant and germination rate,0.100 mg·L-1 EBR effect was the best.It also can increase the germination potential, but no obvious regularity. Results suggested that EBR can relieve salt and low temperature stress of maize,its mechanism may be appropriate concentration of EBR can activate the ability of enzyme scavenging free radical, the reaction between enzyme could alleviate the damage by stress. The study provide theoretical foundation for the research of maize stress resistance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 997-1004. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.0997A field experiment was conducted with tow genotypes (ZD958 and XY335) as test material to investigate the effect of nitrogen and irrigation on the seed yield and use efficiency of irrigation and nitrogen, including copious irrigation (6 000 m3·hm-2,W6000), moderate stress irrigation(4 500 m3·hm-2,W4500) and severe stress irrigation(3 000 m3·hm-2,W3000),and three nitrogen levels, no nitrogen application (0 kg·hm-2,N0), moderate nitrogen application(225 kg·hm-2,N225) and relative to high nitrogen application(450 kg·hm-2,N450),the yield and yield component factor of seed, soil moisture content and soil N
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 1005-1012. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.1005This study aims to elucidate the physiological response of apple (Malus domestica) cultivars Fuji and Gala to exogenous salicylic acid (SA). The effect of exogenous SA application on malondiadehyde (MDA) contents, defensive enzymes activities and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression were determined in Fuji and Gala leaves by spraying method. The results showed that 0.2 mmol·L-1 SA treatment did not significantly affect the MDA contents in Fuji and Gala leaves when compared with the control. However, the activities of catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) were all significantly promoted in apple leaves after SA treatment. In Fuji and Gala leaves, the maximum activities of four defensive enzymes were 1.31 to 2.06 and 1.16 to 3.13 times more than controls, respectively. In addition, the expression of PR5 and PR8 was significantly up-regulated in SA treated apple leaves. Gene expression was highest at three days post SA treatment in Fuji leaves, while reached the peaks at one day after treatment in Gala leaves. The results in this study indicated that exogenous SA could increase defensive enzymes activities and induce PR genes expression, whereas, the levels and maintaining times of defensive enzymes activities as well as responses of PR genes were different in Fuji and Gala leaves, which provides a theoretical basis for using plant induced resistance to control apple leaf diseases.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 1013-1020. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.1013In order to explore the regulatory effect of fertilizers application on grain yield of oil flax (the variety is Zhangya No. 2), a field experiment was conducted under the same amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with six treatments which included oil flax residue(T1), farmyard manure(T2), half chemical fertilizers + half oil flax residue (T3), half chemical fertilizers + half farmyard manure(T4), and treatments without fertilizer(CK1) as well as no fertilization (CK2) was used as control. Furthermore, the Logistic equation y=A/(1+Be-Cx) was applied to analyze the grain filling process. The results showed that the relationship between 1000-grain at grain-filling stage and days after anthesis was conformed to Logistic equation and the coefficient of determination had more than 0.99 under the different fertilizers application. However, the main factor affecting yield of oil flax was the active grain-filling period, followed by the 1000-grain weight. In addition, the different fertilizers application had an enormous impact on characteristic parameters of grain-filling and the chemical fertilizers application combined with manure was the most significant. Besides, the average filling and weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate (Wmax) as well as active grain-filling period under the chemical fertilizers application combined with manure were increased by 11.33% to 11.94%, 10.27% to 12.27% and 2.34% to 2.55% compared with no fertilizer while 4.23% to 4.80%, 1.29% to 3.12% and 1.36% to 1.56% in comparison with chemical fertilizer. Moreover, the grain yield under the condition of chemical fertilizers application combined with manure was significantly increased by 31.74% to 59.63% and 14.52% to 19.18% compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, respectively. Therefore, the fertilizers, especially the chemical fertilizers application combined with manure in this experiment could promote the growth of plants and markedly improve the grain filling, and more important, had a great potential for the yield-increasing so as to provide the scientific guide and theoretical reference for high yielding and efficiency of oil flax
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 1021-1029. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.1021In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on the photosynthesis characteristics and soil water use of oil sunflower in a drip-irrigated multiple cropping system in the Shihezi region of Northern Xinjiang. Xinkuiza V, an early-maturing variety commonly cultivated in the region, was used in the two-factor (water and nitrogen) three-level completely randomized plot experiment. The oil sunflower was drip-irrigated. The results showed that the variation of topsoil water consumption of oil sunflower in a drip-irrigated multiple cropping system follow the growing process for anthesis> flower bud >grouting>seedling>maturity, anthesis and flower bud are two key water requirement periods, in particular, the anthes is the most sensitive stage to water; topsoil(0 to 40cm)water consumption increases with the increase of irrigation quota and the amount of nitrogen application; the water-nitrogen combination treatment of 3 000 m3 water per hm2 and 232 kg nitrogen per hm2 showed obvious coupling effect in the soil water use and yield. This study provides a scientific basis for the application of the high efficiency water and nitrogen optimization scheme and water and nitrogen efficient utilization of oil sunflower in drip-irrigated multiple cropping system.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(5): 1030-1035. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.05.1030In order to study the toxic mechanism of fluoride on carp (Cyprinus carpio), the paper examined the activities of SOD, CAT, Na+-K+-ATPase, the content of LPO and the expression of Na+-K+-ATPase protein using Western blotting and Immunofluorescent techniques in kidney of carp exposed to different concentrations of fluoride (0, 40, 80, 120 mg·L-1, mark with CK, T1, T2, and T3, respectively) for 30 d.The results indicated that after exposure for 30 d, the activities of SOD, CAT, Na+-K+-ATPase in kidney of carp exposed to 80, 120 mg·L-1 of fluoride were significantly lower than those in control fish, while the LPO content showed an increasing trend and the LPO content was significantly elevated in kidney when exposed to 80, 120 mg·L-1 of fluoride compared with the control group. The analysis of Na+-K+-ATPase protein expression suggested that the expressions of Na+-K+-ATPase protein were remarkably decreased in kidney of carp after exposure to 80, 120 mg·L-1 of fluoride compared with the control fish. Correlation analysis indicated that the fluoride concentration was negative correlated with the activities of SOD、CAT、Na+-K+-ATPase (Pearson coefficients were-0.586,-0.707 and-0.818 respctively, P<0.01) and the expression of Na+-K+-ATPase protein(Western blotting pearson coefficient was-0.769, the pearson coefficient of immunofluorescent techniques was-0.848, P<0.01), while was positively correlated with LPO content(Pearson coefficient was 0.762, P<0.01). All above indicated that exposure to fluoride in water could inhibit the antioxidant enzymes and Na+-K+-ATPase level in kidney of carp to some extent, which will provide theoretical basis for the further study of toxic effects of fluoride in water.
