27 March 2016, Volume 30 Issue 3
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 413-421. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0413In order to understand the mutagenic mechanism of the rolled-leaf mutant γ-rl induced by 60Co-γ irradiation in rice, PCR technique was used to analyze four candidate genes localized in an anchored region mapped in our prior research. The results showed that one of the candidate gene, OsFMO(t), was unable to produce specific amplification fragment in the mutant γ-rl. Further analysis by PCR and Southern Hybridization revealed that a large region about 16.47 kb containing the gene of OsFMO(t) was deleted in the genome of mutant γ-rl. The results directly provide a new evidence that 60Co\|γ ray irradiation can produce a large DNA fragment deletion in plant genome. FGENESH software was utilized to predict genes probably existed in the deleted region, and the results showed that besides OsFMO(t) gene, the deleted region may also contain a putative ribonuclease H gene similar to that of Arabidopsis, a putative E2 regulation protein gene similar to that of homo sapiens, and other two genes with unknown function. Therefore, the deletion of these genes may be the main cause for the generation of mutation in γ-rl. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for gene cloning and functional analysis related to the rolled leaf mutant γ-rl in rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 422-429. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0422In order to obtain new peanut materials, a peanut mutant bank was conducted using 60Co-radiation on peanut dry seed. A lot of valuable mutants, such as high-oil content, high-protein content, large-seed, small-seed, large-leaf, small-leaf, and curly-leaf mutants were obtained. The M2 and M3 generation were analyzed and It’s found that 60Co-γ radiation greatly affected the height, leaves, oil-content, protein-content, podding number, single grain weight, O/L ratio and kernel rate. The correlation analysis on seven traits (seeds weight, protein content, linoleic acid content, oleic acid content, oil content, single seed weight and pod weight), showed that there existed high-correlations between linoleic acid content and oleic acid content, oil content and linoleic acid content, oleic acid content., whereas oil content and protein content showed high negative correlation. Oil content and pod weight showed low correlation. These mutants are excellent materials for peanut genetic breeding and mechanism study, also for peanut functional genomics researches.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 430-436. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0430Plant cell wall is an important three-dimensional dynamic network to support plant growth and protect cells' structure. To elucidate the reasons for low breaking-resistance in the low cellulose mutant, the biochemical traits and morphological changes of cell wall were investigate by analyzing physicochemical properties and the ultra-structure of cell wall in the low cellulose mutant [WTBX]LCM527-1[WTBZ] which derived from the rice variety 527(CK) by radiation of 60Co-γ. LCM527-1 appeared obvious fragility in leaf, stem and branches during the whole growing stages and exhibited low break-resistance in the field. In comparison with the wild type 527 (CK), the mutant displayed some changes in the components that involved in assembling the cell wall during five development stages, especially the significant decrease of cellulose. While the content of hemicellulose and lignin was increased. The content of Ca, K, Mn, Na, Si, Zn was all reduced significantly in the rice stem. Ultra-structural features exhibited the different thickness of scler-enchyma and parenchyma of cell walls, which indicated that thinner cell walls and weaker mechanical strength possibly caused by cellulose decreasing, mineral elements reducing and cellular structure deformation. Physicochemical investigation and cellular ultra observation were well displayed the linkage between mechanical strength and chemical components of cell wall.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 437-443. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0437In order to study the function of the peanut GLP family genes, differential expression of eight AhGLPs between peanut testa, seed, leaf and root was analyzed under drought condition. Results showed that expression of the eight AhGLPs were higher significantly in pink testa than in others. Moreover, in peanut testa, AhGLP3 and AhGLP6 expressed highest, and followed by AhGLP1, AhGLP2 and AhGLP8. Under drought stress condition, AhGLP1 was induce-expressed only in leaves. AhGLP3, AhGLP4 and AhGLP5 were up-regulated significantly in seeds and root, and the expression of AhGLP2, AhGLP7 and AhGLP8 were induced in root, seeds and leaves by drought stress. On the contrary, AhGLP6 was down-regulated by drought stress. Under the condition of normal growth, AhGLP1, AhGLP3, AhGLP4, AhGLP5, AhGLP6 and AhGLP7 were expressed with tissue-specificity. The above results indicate that the expression of peanut GLP family genes have species- and tissue-specificity under different conditions. It could provide valuable information for the fuctional and regulatory stydies on peanut AhGLPs genes especially under drought stress.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 444-450. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0444CCCH zinc finger proteins are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms, and they play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. To learn about sequence features and expression characters of broccoli CCCH transcription factor gene, a CCCH gene designated BoCCCH1, was isolated from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), and expression patterns of BoCCCH1 in different organs as well as leaves invaded by Hyaloperonospora parasiticawere performed by means of RT-PCR. Sequence analysis results indicated that the full length genome of BoCCCH1 was 1 568 bp with a sole intron of 599 bp. The two exons were 627 and 342 bp in length encode 322 amino acids, the molecular weight and isoelectric point were 35296.42 Da and 8.47, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that BoCCCH1 and its homogeneous sequences were divided into 6 groups, and it was grouped with sequences from other Cruciferae plants. Expression analysis results revealed thatBoCCCH1 expressed in leaves, stalks, young siliques, flower buds and flower, with the highest expression levels in stalks and siliques, however, no expression was detected in roots. The expression were increased in leaves when infected by H. parasitica, and the highest expression levels were identified on 24 h and 36 h, indicating BoCCCH1 with resistance responses against H. parasitica. Isolation and expression analysis of BoCCCH1 will provide evidences for further studies on gene functions during downy mildew resistance responses.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 451-459. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0451For further understanding the precise structural features and functions of manganese uptake regulator(Mur) in Deinococcus radiodurans, sequence alignment and site-directed mutagenesis technology were applied and mutations in three conserved amino acid residues of Mur were constructed. For exploration of the contribution of Mur in stress resistance of D. radiodurans, metal ions sensitivity, affection of manganese ion binding and stress resistance activity of each site mutation strains were analysed and DNA binding activity of each mutant proteins were also examined. The results indicated that the three residues, including H77A、H78A and H79A, were all critical for Mur protein activity and played important parts in the manganese uptake regulation of Mur, meanwhile, these three residues acted significant roles in Mn2+binding activity of Mur. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that amino acid residue H78 and H79 were quite important for the DNA binding activity of Mur. The above experiments provide important theoretical references for understanding the extreme stress resistance of D. radiodurans and specific mechanism of Mur.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 460-467. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0460In order to develop the application of endophytic biological control of Alopecurus japonicas Steud., the antifungal activity and taxonomic status of strain KMN-1 and KMN-11 was studied. KMN-1 and KMN-11 were significant antifungal activity against Fusarium head blight in vitro antagonism test. By the assay of fermentation from KMN-1 strain and KMN-11 strain exhibited fungi activity, the value of EC50 inhibiting mycelia growth against Fusarium graminearum was 6 572.97 mg·L-1、5 218.34 mg·L-1, respectively. The antibiotic bioactivity of metabolites from strain KMN-1 and KMN-11 was studied in vitro and vivo bioassay. The fermentation filtrate of strain KMN-1 had exhibited effect on controlling Fusarium graminearum, the efficacy of protective and curative efficacy were above 78.13% and 76.52% in wheat spikelet test respectively; In field experiment, spraying the fermentation filtrate of strain KMN-1 and KMN-11 can also reduce the epidemic degree. By morphological characteristics and molecular identification, KMN-1 strain is identified as Alternaria tenuissima and KMN-11 strain is identified as Fusarium incarnatum. Studies show that the prospects for biocontrol strains which separated from Fusarium spp. and Alternaria are very broad, and also laid the foundation for the further research and development potential of agricultural antibiotics.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 468-475. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0468Industrial seedling cultivation and transplanting in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the important cultivation technique. In order to understand the interaction of microbial agent and nursery substrates against Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae in upland cotton, the nursery substrate mixed with the fermentation broth with 41B-1R was used to nursery the seedlings of Sumian 22 and Zhongmiansuo 41cultivars. The results showed that the nursery substrate mixed with the fermentation broth with 41B-1R strain did not have negative effects on seedlings growth, and the 41B-1R strain had good colonization ability in the roots of seedlings. The results also showed that the colonization of V1070 in the roots of seedlings of Sumian 22 and Zhongmiansuo 41 was reduced and disease index was significantly lower than that in the control. As there was no effective control method for controlling Verticillium wilt, a new approach was provided to control cotton Verticillium wilt in this research.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 476-484. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0476To explored the changement of structure and physicochemical properties by repeated gelatinization and retrogradation (RGR) treatments.With sweet potato starch as raw material, the effect of (RGR) treatments at different starch concentration (5%, 10%, and 20%, w/w) ware investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the structure changes, thermal properties, pasting properties, swelling power, solubility and in vitro digestibility were also tested to evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of the samples. The results showed that starch granule morphology was damaged, presenting irregular lumps after RGR treatments. The X-ray diffraction patterns of sweet potato starches changed significantly, conversing from A-type to B-type. As the increasing of the concentration and treated times, the swelling power and solubility of sweet potato starch decreased. In addition, the slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) content of sweet potato starches treated by RGR-1 at a concentration of 10% were highest, which were 29.83% and 39.82%, respectively. Therefore, this study made fundamental knowledge for the preparation of SDS and RS of sweet potato starches and their application in the field of functional foods.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 485-492. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0485In order to understand the nutritional values of Brassica juncea var. Crassicauiis and Brassica juncea var.tumida, the contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities among different edible parts (flesh, peel and petiole) in Brassica juncea var. Crassicauiis and Brassica juncea var.tumida were investigated in the present study. The results indicated that significant differences were found among different edible parts and types. The levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant capacities were followed as the trends of petiole > peel > flesh; whereas vitamin C was opposite. The contents of bioactive compounds in Brassica juncea var.tumida were notably higher than those in Brassica juncea var. Crassicauiis; on the contrary, the levels of antioxidant capacities in Brassica juncea var.tumida were lower than Brassica juncea var. Crassicauiis. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the variations were mainly from the factor of edible parts, followed by the factor of types. Further genetic variance ratio analysis indicated that the variations of chlorophyll, vitamin C, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity were affected by the edible parts rather than the types; contrary to the variations of carotenoids and total phenolics; while the variations of chlorophyll and vitamin C were also influenced by the interaction of types × edible parts. Moreover, significant positive correlation were found between antioxidant capacities with proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, respectively, indicating that proanthocyanidins and flavonoids may have major contribution to antioxidant capacity in Brassica juncea var. Crassicauiis and Brassica juncea var.tumida. Our systematic study will provide basis and reference for daily dietary and nutrient arrangement.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 493-501. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0493In order to reveal the composition, distribution and morphology of phenolic compounds in flaxseed, RP-HPLC-diode array (RP-HPLC-DAD) technology was used to identify and analyze the product which has been alkaline hydrolyzed and digested from flaxseed ethanol extract. The results show that the open-loop two different larch resin, phenol prime glucoside (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-SDG), ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid should be bound to a stable presence in flax seeds. Different hydrolysis methods have significantly effects on the release of phenolic acid compounds, the most SDG released quantity was obtained under the condition of alkaline hydrolysis at 120℃ temperature. There is the same composition and significant different quantity in different varieties. Mass fraction of SDG is between 8 mg·g-1 and 16.5mg·g-1. That of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid content is between 0.3 mg·g-1 and 1.35mg·g-1. There is significant correlation (R = 0.89 *) between p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid content. And the results could provide technical proposal on raw material selection, process formulation and quality control during flaxseed acid resource development.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 502-508. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0502In order to effectively probe the using of irradiation preservation technique for Braised Pieces of Chicken , extend its shelf life. The relationship was analysed between the amount of irradiation and sensory quality, microorganism growth, peroxide value, acid value,TVB\|N value as well as shelf life analysed. The result shows that using the 8kGy of 60Co-γ to irradiate the Braised Pieces of Chicken, In 120 days after storage, the microorganisms growth can be effectively controlled, and the sensory quality, peroxide value, acid value,TVB\|N value in a reasonable standard, the product freshness was retained in the expected state, Consequently, 60Co-γ irradiation is effective for prolonging the shelf life of products. This research lay a practical foundation while pursuing the chinese traditional dishes at industrial-scale production.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 509-515. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0509In order to regulate the technical conditions of irradiation sterilization for P.vannamei mixed feed, the paper study the impact of irradiation and storage on the microbe quantity, physicochemical properties, nutritional value of the feed by using different doses from 0 to 20kGy of 60Co gamma ray irradiating on vannamei feed, which is the native production of Hainan Province. The study shows that irradiation can decrease effectively the total bacteria and coliform of the vannamei mixed feed, with the D10value 1.36kGy and the D value 3.39kGy of the total bacteria and the D10value 1.81kGy and the D value 2.96kGy of the coliform. It can kill the aerobic bacteria and coliform effectively, and improve health and safety with 4kGy dose radiation. Meanwhile, it has no significant effect on moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total phosphorus and other physical chemicals. The shelf life is 9 months at room temperature. This study provides theoretical guidance for the irradiation sterilization of the vannamei mixed feed.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 516-524. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0516In order to optimize optimize the processing technology of frozen apple. Orthogonal array design was adopted to investigated the effects of the vacuum pumping time, vacuum degree, vacuum pumping medium,for its firmness and color.A Box-Behnken design was adopted to investigated the effects of the sample load, frozen temperature, central temperature, for its sensory evaluation. Based on the experimental data,variables mentioned-above were analyzed with response surface methodology (RSM).The results showed that the optimum vacuum pumping conditions were as follows: the vacuum pumping time was 20 min, vacuum degree was 0.7 MPa, vacuum pumping medium was 2% NaCl+0.3% sodium D-isoascorbate. When the sample load was 3kg·m-2, frozen temperature was -30℃, central temperature was -18℃ of frozen apple, the sensory evaluation, firmness and color were highest, and the loss rate of soluble sugar, loss rate of soluble protein, loss rate of vitamin C were lowest. The optimum process parameters were as follows: the sample load was 2.5kg·m-2, frozen temperature was -31℃, central temperature was -19℃. Under those conditions,the sensory evaluation was 91.26. Compared with the traditional process, the sensory evaluation, color and texture parameters of frozen apple that produced by new production were obviously increased. It would increase the added value of apple and provide some theoretical basis for the frozen apple processing.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 525-532. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0525To obtain the sour soybean milk which was higher amino nitrogen and fatty acid, nutritious, absorbable, well stability but without thickeners, the processing order of fermentation were studied. The effects of inoculation amount of lactic acid bacteria, initial pH value, fermentation temperature and fermentation time on amino nitrogen content, sensory evaluation and pH value, were determined by the single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed the optimal process orde for fermentation, were inoculated lactic acid bacteria, then inoculated Rhizopus oligosporus Saito. the optimal process was firstly fermented at 42 ℃ for 5h with 4% of lactic acid bacteria with the mass ratio of soybean and water at 1∶10, and adjusted pH to 4.5 and cooled to 31 ℃, then fermented for 18h with 3% of Rhizopus oligosporus saito. Under this condition, the fat content and fatty acid content of the products changed significantly compared with the fermantation of lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that the fat content decreased by 55.8%, whereas the fatty acid content increased by 50.3%. The research provided theoretical basis for the process improvement of sour soybean milk.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 533-540. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0533In order to explore the basic properties of the blue and purple nature pigments produced by bacteria.Experiments used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to analysis the physicochemical properties and chemical structure of the blue purple pigment producted by psychrophilic bacteria.The results showed that: the blue-purple pigment was verified to be composed of deoxidation violacein and violacein with the ratio of about 1∶9. The results of the physical and chemical properties of the blue purple pigment revealed that the purple pigment had good thermal stability, but light and strong alkali had a larger effect on color; soluble in methanol, acetone and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in water; copper ion has a great influence on its stability. This study provides a basis for the research and application of the biological activity, anti tumor, anti viral drugs and biological dyes,etc.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 541-547. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0541In order to optimize the chelating conditions of hydrolysate with zinc, the hairtail off-cuts was hydrolyzed and used for chelating zinc chelate. Based on the single-factor experiments, the Box-Behnken central composite design and response surface method were adopted to investigate the effect of weight ratio, pH, hydrolysate concentration, chelate temperature and time on the chelation rate. The optimal chelate conditions were determined as follows: weight ratio 4.5∶1, pH 6, hydrolysate concentration 4%, chelate temperature 50℃, chelate time 40min, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the chelating rate of hydrolysate with zinc could reach 84.16%, which basically accorded with the model predicted value. The above mentioned chelate process had the advantages of mild reaction condition and high zinc chelating rate, which provided theoretical foundation for the development of hydrolysate chelating zinc and high-value utilization of hairtail off-cuts.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 548-555. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0548In order to investigate the potential application of grass seeds in uranium contaminated soil phytoremediation, a set of 24 species were selected to study the grass seeds germination under uranium stress, and pot test was conducted to study the growth and uranium enrichment ability of predominant pastures. The results showed that seven species of grass seeds had a relatively high germination rates under uranium stress condition. The concentration of uranium, less than 50 mg·L-1, had the promotion effect on seed germination rate, while the concentration of uranium, more than 100 mg·L-1, had an obvious inhibition effect. The growth of different species of grass plant was significantly different under different uranium concentration. The enrichment condition of the grasses to uranium in the seedling stage was studied. And the results also showed that Lolium multiflorum had a high pot accumulation rate (10.36 mg uranium per pot) at uranium concentration of 150 mg·kg-1, while Lolium perenne had the highest pot accumulation (3.58 mg uranium per pot) at uranium concentration of 50 mg·kg-1. And L. multiflorum had the highest transfer factor (0.87) at uranium concentration of 100 mg·kg-1, while Sorghum sudanense had the lowest value in each concentration level. In conclusion, different specie grasses can be selected to remediate uranium-contaminated soil according to the soil conditions. This study provided some new biological resources and a theoretical basis for the bioremediation to uranium-contaminated soil.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 556-564. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0556The taproots of spring P.notoginseng, rhizosphere soils, geographical and metrological data were sampled from 44 producing regions to analyze the taproots by adopted isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS), obtain geographical and metrological data were derived from GIS for Traditional Chinese Medicine database and analyze soils by regular soil chemical analysis methods. There were 49 ecological factors of geographical and metrological data, soil physiochemical properties and fertilities, and taproot nutrient element contents. The relationships were investigated between 49 ecological factors and δ18O in P. notoginseng taproots by combined analytical methods which included correlation, stepwise regression, path analysis, and decision analysis. The results showed that 89.60% change of δ18O in P.notoginseng taproots were controlled by 16 ecological factors, which were latitude, humidity, annual average temperature, annual precipitation, average temperature in July, maximum temperature in July, minimum temperature in January, annual active accumulated temperature, soil total potassium, total phosphorous, available phosphorous, available Mo, taproot Fe, taproot P, taproot Zn, and slope degree. The highest and direct impact factor on δ18O in P.notoginseng taproots was average temperature in July, followed the order of maximum temperature in July minimum temperature in January, latitude, humidity, annual average temperature, annual precipitation, taproot Fe, soil total potassium, soil total phosphorous, annual active accumulated temperature, soil available phosphorous, taproot Zn, soil available Mo, and slope degree. Annual precipitation was the most main decisive factor, and average temperature in July was the most main limiting factor among the ecological factors. Furthermore, for average temperature in July, maximum temperature in July, minimum temperature in January, annual average temperature, latitude, humidity, and annual precipitation, their absolute value of decisive coefficients were much higher than other factors. The results indicated that δ18O in P.notoginseng taproots were mainly influenced by local ecological factors such as temperatures, latitude, humidity and annual precipitation, these 7 factors have obviously regional feature. Therefore, δ18O in P.notoginseng taproots also have obviously regional feature. This study provides theoretical evidence for δ18O in P.notoginseng taproots used as an important index for origin traceability on P. notoginseng taproots and related products.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 565-570. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0565In order to explore effects of high temperature stress effects on physiology and ecology, and comparing the effects on pollen grain diameter, pollen vitality and seed-setting rate at the high temperature condition during the flowering stage, different high-temperature stress was conducted by using temperature\|tolerant rice cultivar (Qianjiang 3 B) and temperature\|sensitive rice cultivar (Xieqingzao B). The results showed that a small effect on pollen grain vitality, anther cracking percentage and anther cracking hole for Qianjiang 3B was caused at high-temperature stress compared with the normal-temperature. But significant effect was observed for Xieqingzao B. The longtime high-temperature stress might result in lower seed fertility even for temperature tolerant rice cultivar. In additional, the third day after flowering was the most susceptible to high-temperature stress for both varieties. These results provides theory evidence for selecting heat tolerant rice varieties.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 571-579. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0571In order to investigate the zinc sensitivity of different genotype maize seedlings, the pre-screened maize hybrids with different zinc sensitivity—Tiannong 9 (TN9) and Xinyu 9 (XY9) were employed as experimental materials, starting with the examination of effects of different zinc concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100μmol·L-1) on the photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic role parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in maize seedlings. The results showed that the optimal Zn concentration for the growth of maize seedlings was 0.1 to 1 μmol·L-1, both low-level zinc (0 to 0.01 μmol·L-1) and high-level zinc (10 to 100 μmol·L-1) treatments had inhibitory effects on the growth of different genotypes of maize seedlings. The photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigment content of XY9 declined significantly under low-level zinc and high-level zinc treatment which led to stronger dynamic response of plant growth and dry matter accumulation to the increasing zinc concentration, while TN9 had higher adaptability to low-level zinc and high-level zinc environments. At the same time, along with the increasing of zinc concentration, the zinc content and accumulation in maize plants were increased gradually, while the utilization rate of zinc was reduced gradually. The zinc accumulation of XY9 was lower than TN9, but the utilization rate was higher than TN9. Compared to the zinc insensitive variety, the effects of zinc concentration on zinc absorption, accumulation and utilization of sensitive variety were more obvious. This study provided a theoretical basis for the research of plant zinc efficient utilization.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 580-587. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0580In order to clarify the optimum urea concentration of foliar spraying the studies used 15N isotope tracer technique to investigate the effects of foliage spraying urea on nitrogen distribution, physiological and biochemical characteristics of cotton plant. The study was undertaken on cotton cultivar CCRI79 which was foliar sprayed with five different concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 kg·L-1) of 15N-urea solution at flowering and boll-forming stages. And we used a randomized block design in this experiment.The results showed that the 15N content in root, stem, leave and flower of cotton had consistent trend which increased with increasing concentration in all treatments. By spraying different concentrations of 15N-urea, thedistribution of 15N contentin all parts of the cotton plant was basically the same, which was of 7.5%~8.5% in root, 12.6%~13.4% in stem, 45.5% ~47.5% in leave, 31.9% ~32.7% in boll, respectively.And according to the fitted regression equationthe suitable urea concentration forfoliar application was 0.0324kg·L-1atflowering and boll-forming stages.In summary,at cotton flowering and boll-forming stages, foliar nitrogen application could promote photosynthesis by increasing the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, increasing the chlorophyll content, improving leaf area and forming a reasonableleaf area index of cotton group. In short, this approach can promote thecotton plant growth and increase cotton production. The experiment could provide theoretical data for the development of cotton foliar fertilizer.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 588-595. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0588A pot experiment was conducted by using four levels of N and S applied in factorial combinations of 5, 10, 20, and 40mmol·L-1 and 1, 2, 4, and 8mmol·L-1 in vermiculite culture to investigate the effects of nitrogen and sulfur interaction on garlic seedlings growth and antioxidant enzymes activities. The results indicated that plant height, stem diameter, root activity, biomass and distribution, antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT, SOD) activities in leaf and root increased firstly and then decreased, with the increasing concentration of nitrogen and sulfur interaction. The demand for nitrogen, N1 level was optimal; for sulfur, S2 was the most suitable at garlic seedling stage. When the nitrogen content in more than 20mmol·L-1 or sulfur concentration more than 4 mmol·L-1, plant growth was retarded. Nitrogen and sulfur had no significant effect on distribution of biomass and antioxidant enzymes activities of garlic seedling leaf. However, the influence of nitrogen and sulfur interaction on roots and antioxidant activities in leaves of garlic seedlings reached significant or extremely significant level. The results showed that the nutrient solution containing 5mmol·L-1 N and 2mmol·L-1 S was optimal for garlic seedlings, and two elements with obvious interaction effect. The study provides practical theory basis for fertilization on the garlic seedling stage and 'plant factory' pattern.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 596-604. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0596In order to make clear the relationship between the canopy-air temperature difference under different soil moisture and rice yield and quality of different drought resistance varieties, and establish reasonable irrigation index, a field trial was performed using five controlling water treatments to illustrate the response of canopy-air temperature difference to soil water stress and the relationship between canopy-air temperature difference and rice yield and quality at the jointing-booting stage. Results showed that soil water stress significantly impacted on canopy-air temperature difference and the more water stress the lower absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference. The daily variation canopy-air temperature difference was closely related to air temperature and humidity under different water stress treatment. Under the same conditions, the absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference of drought susceptive variety (Liaojing 294) was lower than drought resistance (Kaijing 1). There were significant positive correlations between absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference and filled grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, rice yield, percentage of brown rice, percentage of milled rice, percentage of head rice, broken rice rate and taste value. But it was significant negative correlation between blighted grain number and canopy-air temperature difference. Comprehensive analysis showed that canopy-air temperature difference could be used as a rice water-saving threshold at the jointing-booting stage when the average canopy-air temperature in Liaojing 294 and Kaijing 1 were 0.2℃ (soil water potential treatment S1: -0.008~-0.015MP) and 0.7℃(soil water potential treatment S2:-0.02~-0.03MP) respectively. Under this condition no significant influence was observed on rice yield. This study establish water\|saving irrigation index for rice plating, in order to realize accurate quantitative rice irrigation, and provide theoretical basis.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 605-613. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0605In order to study the toxic effects of diethyl phthalate (DEP) on fish for biomarkers, the carps ([WTBX]Cyprinus carpio[WTBZ] Linnaeus) were exposed to 0.125(T1), 0.5(T2), 2.0(T3) and 8.0(T4) mg·L-1 of DEP for 2 and 20 days, respectively, with water and tween-80 as controls. The effects of DEP on antioxidant defense system and injury indicators in kidney and energy metabolism enzymes in gill were carried out. And the tissue structures of kidney and gill were observed through conventional histological sections and HE staining techniques. The results indicated that there were no obvious differences of anti-hydroxyl radical ability and MDA content in DEP treatment groups compared with the control groups when exposed for 2 days. However, GSH-PX activities and anti-superoxide anion radical ability at each treatment group and SOD activities at T3 and T4 groups and CAT activities at T1 group increased significantly. CAT activities at T3 and T4 groups decreased markedly. Meanwhile, there were no obvious changes in MAO activities of kidney at each treatment group. But activities of ATPase in gill of each DEP treatment group and LDH in gill at T2, T3 and T4 groups and contents of CRE in serum at T3 and T4 increased significantly. When exposed for 20 days, anti-superoxide anion radical ability at T2 and T3 DEP groups, SOD and GSH-PX activities at T1 and MDA contents at T2, T3 and T4 groups increased significantly. CAT activities at every treatment group, anti-hydroxyl radical ability at T3 and T4, anti-superoxide anion radical ability and GSH-PX and SOD activities at T4 were inhibited remarkably. The results also show that,, there were no significant differences in ATPase activities in gill at all treatment groups. However, LDH activities in gill at each DEP treatment group and CRE contents in serum at T2, T3 and T4 groups increased significantly, and MAO activity in kidney at T3 and T4 decreased obviously. At the same time, the gill at T4 group and the kidney at T3 and T4 groups were damaged. This study could provide a theoretic evidence for the evaluation of ecological risk to water environments and biomarkers of DEP.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2016, 30(3): 614-619. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2016.03.0614Cold is one of the major abiotic stress that adversely affect plant growth and development. Phytohormones play an essential role in physiological changes and gene expression regulation during cold stress. In this review, the mechanism of phytohormones (i.e. salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, gibberellins acid and cytokinin) in the plant responses to cold was described. Some ambiguous problems in phytohormones research during plant response to cold were discussed, which will provide references for further studies on enhancing the cold resistance of plant by phytohormones regulation.
