03 August 2015, Volume 29 Issue 8
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1437-1443. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1437
A full-length cDNA library was constructed to clone the full-length sequence of the genes related to heat tolerance during rice grain filling stage using the heat-tolerant line XN0437T and the heat-sensitive line XN0437S as plant materials. Two rice lines were treated by 38.0/33.0 ± 0.5℃ (day/night) high temperature at early milky stage (on the 8th day after flowering) with three replicates. Total RNAs were extracted respectively from the grains and then mixed equally. Double strand cDNA of the mixed RNAs was synthesized by SMART PCR cDNA Kit produced by Takara Clontech Co., Ltd., then the synthesized cDNAs were separated through agarose gel electrophoresis, collected according to fragment size and ligated to pGEM-T Easy vector respectively to construct full-length cDNA sub-clone libraries. To identify the quality of the library, the insert fragments length of the clones, library titer and recombinant rate were determined and analyzed, and the full-length rate of library was analyzed by random cloning sequencing, besides that, the sequences from the library was further blasted in GenBank database. The results showed that, 7 974 positive clones were included in the library, the average size of the inserted fragment of the clones were longer than 1.0 kb, the rate of full-length gene in the whole library was about 75%, the titer of sub-clone libraries which the size of insert fragments were more than 0.5 kb was more than 4.6 × 106 pfu·mL-1, and the recombinant rate of these sub-clone libraries was more than 98.1% ± 0.79%. The constructed full-length cDNA library supported a foundation for the full-length cloning of the object genes.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1444-1454. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1444
To understand the physiological races of rice blast in Heilongjiang Province and resistant to rice blast of rice cultivars, 130 isolates collected from four regions including Qiqihar, Jiamusi, Harbin and Suihua in Heilongjiang Province in 2012, were tested for their pathogenicity against seven Chinese differential cultivars. The blast resistance of 36 major cultivars in Heilongjiang province was evaluated, and their genetic diversity was analyzed using 73 SSR markers. As a result, 38 physiological races (pathotypes) in 7 groups were identified and the predominant races were ZD5(21.54%), ZD7(9.23%), ZA53(8.46%), ZA61(6.92%), ZA55(6.15%)and ZA21(5.38%), which account for 59.23% of all the tested isolates. 10 varieties among 36 main cultivars in Heilongjiang province including daohuaxiang, longjing21, longjing31, mudanjiang30, suijing8, suijing13, songjing9, songjing15, wuyoudao1, dongnong415, are promising for application in Heilongjiang province due to their good blast resistance. The analysis of virulence association coefficients (VAC) and resistance association coefficients (RAC) suggested that 22 pairs of combinations, such as the combination of daohuaxiang and longjing21, longjing31 and mudanjiang30, showed good disease resistance. Based on the cluster analysis of resistant spectrum, the 36 major cultivars can be divided into four groups, and the second groups had the broadest resistant spectrum (70.00%~93.33%). While, based on the cluster analysis of SSR marker and genetic structure of population, the tested materials were consistently divided into six groups. This study provided a theoretical basis for improvement of plant varieties, rational distribution and parent matching. for breeders.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1455-1463. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1455
In order to study the genetic characteristic of the carbon metabolism related enzymes activity in maize, the genetic analysis of the PEPC and SPS activity in ear leaf at filling stage in maize were conducted by mixed major gene plus polygene genetic models and the joint segregation analysis method of four generations (P1, P2, F1, F2 :3) derived from Shen3336×Shen3265. The results showed that at filling stage the genetic models of PEPC and SPS activity in ear leaf were B-1(two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects) and E-1(two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects and polygenes with additive-dominance effects), respectively. The major genes heritability of PEPC activity was 36.5%. The major genes heritability of SPS activity was 17.7% and polygenes heritability was 35.9%. The results explained the genetic regularity of the carbon metabolism related enzymes activity in maize, and helped for carrying out next research of QTL mapping of these enzymes activity.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1464-1470. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1464
The objective of this study is to develop a multiplex RT-PCR protocol to detect sweetpotato viruses Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), Sweetpotato virus G (SPVG) and Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) simultaneously. The compatible sets of primers specific for each virus were designed in conserved regions of the gene (hsp70) of SPCSV, the coat protein genes (CP) of SPVG and SPFMV for multiplex RT-PCR. A multiplex RT-PCR(mRT-PCR)system detecting SPCSV,SPVG and SPFMV was established through progressively adjusting and optimizing the RT-PCR conditions. The expected fragments of 304 bp for SPCSV, 433 bp for SPVG and 601 bp for SPFMV were successfully amplified by the multiplex RT-PCR system. Their nucleotide sequences showed 94% to 99% identity with the corresponding sequences of other reported isolates of SPCSV, SPVG and SPFMV.As the multiplex RT-PCR protocol can simultaneously detect SPCSV, SPVG and SPFMV with high stability, accuracy and sensitivity, it can be used to diagnose virus disease in sweetpotato.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1471-1478. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1471
In order to establish the anther culture system, tirteen varieties of pepper were used to study the effects of exogenous hormones, carbon (sucrose, maltose, glucose), low temperature pretreatment, exogenous organic additives, activated carbon and plants flowering period etc. on the anther culture in Capsicum annuum L. The studies showed that: All test material can induce somatic embryos, and vigorous regeneration plantlets were obtained from eight test materials. Genotype is restricted pepper anther culture embryoid induction key factor, different test material have different embryo rates, which'G201'of the embryos was highest rate, reached 31.76%. The various exogenous hormone treatment showed that NAA is more suitable than IAA pepper anther culture, and NAA combination with KT the best to 0.5:1.0. Different carbon treatment showed that suited concentration of sucrose for anther culture of pepper is 30g ·L-1. Different pretreatment treatment showed that 4℃cold pretreatment 1-3d conducive embryoid induction, and 2d the embryo rate is highest. 50 μmol ·L-1 of AgNO3 and 4 g ·L-1 activated carbon was suitable for somatic embryogenesis. At early flowering and flowering buds can induce embryo, and early flowering buds is more suitable for anther culture in pepper. In this study, the more effectire embryoid induction of anther culture were established, and it appord a basis for breeding of new varieties in pepper.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1479-1486. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1479
In order to broaden the genetic base of cucumber and accelerate the development of functional genomic research, the method of cucumber mutant library construction was studied through the EMS treatment.. In this study, seeds of a cucumber cultivar Changchun mici were treated by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) solution with different time and concentration to construct the technique for creation of cucumber mutant library. 800 seeds of Changchun mici were treated to obtain M1 population. M2 and M3 population were produced through sequential selfing. The analysis about microstructrue, the content of leaf pigment, and inheritance of some mutants was carried out. The results showed that the treatments 1% EMS for 10 h or 1.5% EMS for 8 h was found to be the appropriate treatment condition. Based on phenotypic evaluation of M2and M3 population, mutants were screened, including mutations of plant type, leaf, flower and fruit. The mutation frequency was about 11.17%. The analysis of epidermic cells of dwarf mutant and petal mutant using scanning electron microscope revealed the significant difference between mutants and normal plants. The decrease of chloroplyll and carotenoid pigment had a direct correlation with the phenotype of a virescent yellow mutant. The F2 population from the cross of mutants and normal plants were constructed and used for genetic analysis of mutant traits. Results showed that phenotype of virescent yellow mutant and white-and-green fruit were controlled by a single recessive gene, respectively. This study gave an efficient technique for the construction of cucumber mutant library, and these stable mutants will be valuable resources to functional genomic research and cucumber cultivar improvement.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1487-1493. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1487
Research on co-culture method of microspores of responsive genotype and recalcitrant genotype to improve efficiency of microspore embryogenesis and obtain more microspore-derived plants of recalcitrant genotype. A responsive genotype of rapeseed (ZS758) and two recalcitrant genotypes of broccoli (Q1 and Q2) were used in isolated microspore co-culture to study microspore embryogenesis process, microspore-derived plants number and type, and plant regeneration. The results showed that the process of microspore embryogenesis of broccoli was same with rapeseed. The no. of embryos per bud, frequency of cotyledon- type embryos and embryo germination of T1-3 (10 buds of ZS758 + 2 buds of Q1) and T2-3 (10 buds of ZS758 + 2 buds of Q2) were 12.5 and 14.1, 78.3% and 81.7%, 92.6% and 87.6%, respectively, which were better than control of broccoli. And treatments of T1-2 (6 buds of ZS758 + 6 buds of Q1) and T2-2 (6 buds of ZS758 + 6 buds of Q2) produced 13 and 27 plantlets of Q1 and Q2, which was better than other treatments. Besides, the morphological characters of broccoli and rapeseed were different significantly, which was easier to distinguish. Conclusion, the microspore co-culture method could not only promote the efficiency of embryogenesis to obtain embryoids, but improve the ratio of cotyledonary embryos. The method was important to improve utilization efficiency of microspore culture.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1494-1501. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1494
To explore the impact of auxin on somatic embryogenesis ability of Lilium roots, the induction and development of somatic embryos by auxin transport inhibitor (NPA) were studied. Meanwhile, the effect of different root lengths and root segments on somatic embryogenesis and different hormones on somatic embryos amplification were investigated. Results showed that medium supplemented with NPA significantly inhibited the induction of embryogenic callus and produced abnormal somatic embryos. The root explants with root tip could induce embryogenic callus with the callus induction frequency more than 94.4%. The root explants without root tip and the root segments away from root tip induced less embryogenic callus with the callus induction frequency of 8.9%. The root explants with the length of 0.3cm and root tip had the highest growth index (36.8). Embryoids number per root explants (different lengths with root tip) ranged from 21.8 to 26.3 with no significant difference observed. The highest proliferation rate of globular embryos was 98.9% when globular embryos were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg ·L-1 Picloram. The maximum proliferation index was 20.1 when globular embryos were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg ·L-1 Picloram. The results indicated that the content of endogenous auxin and exogenous auxin was closely related to somatic embryogenesis of Lilium spp.. Endogenous auxin transport was involved in embryonic induction and morphogenesis. The study provided a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of Lilium somatic embryogenesis.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1502-1508. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1502
To explore the differences in epigenetic between diploid and autotetraploid of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Different ploidy of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. were used in this study and MSAP(Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism)analysis was conducted to explore the level and pattern of DNA methylation in them. 520 and 527 loci were detected in diploid and autotetraploid by 20 pairs of selective primers, and the corresponding total methylation rate were 56.92% and 55.03%. Compared with diploid, the genomic DNA total methylated rate and full methylated rate of autotetraploid were decreased, but hemimethylated rate was increased, and the DNA methylation patterns chaned by 52.53%. This research laid a foundation for the further study on epigenetic mechanism of tetraploid of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC..
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1509-1516. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1509
In order to obtain highly efficient dissolve phosphorus Trichoderma strain,a dissolve phosphorus Trichoderma strain T2 was irradiated by ultraviolet. The ultraviolet mutagenesis parameters were optimized, and the amount of soluble phosphate,phytase activity,growth rate,sporulation quantity,genetic stability and antagonism capability of the mutant were investigated. The results showed that one mutant named 'T2-8' was obtained under the conditions of UV radiation intensity about 20W,irradiation distance about 30cm and irradiation time about 60s.The amount of soluble phosphate and phytase activity was 193.36μg ·mL-1 and 784.35 nmol ·L-1,which is 114.82% and 133.98% higher than those of initial strains(90.01μg ·mL-1 and 335.22 nmol ·L-1), respectively.The growth rate and sporulation quantity of mutant was 35.42mm ·d-1 and 8.25×109CFU ·L-1,which is higher than those of initial strains. In several passages, the antagonism capability of mutant 'T2' strain with steady phosphorus solubilizing capabilit against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani is with no significant differences. It proved that UV mutagenesis is a worthwhile method for breeding of highly efficient dissolve phosphorus Trichoderma strain and the mutant strain will provide with good material for further development of multifunctional microbial fertilizer.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1517-1524. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1517
In order to research the effect of high energy electron beam on wheat qualities and rheological properties of dough, radiation doses of 0, 1.9, 4.0, 6.2, 8.4 and 10.0 kGy were applied to wheat grains, the effects of radiation dose on water content of wheat, flour color, sedimentation and falling value, gluten index and rheological properties of flour were studied in this paper. Results showed that radiation dose decreased significantly the water content, L* and a* value of wheat flour, but increased b* value. High radiation dose (> 6.2 kGy) significantly increased the dried and wet gluten content of wheat flour. And sedimentation and falling value of flour decreased with increasing of radiation dose. Compared to the non-irradiated grain, the radiation dose significantly enhanced water absorption and softness of wheat dough, but reduced the mixing tolerance index, development and stability time of dough. The rheological properties of tensile area, tensile resistance, tensile proportion of wheat dough decreased with the increasing of radiation dose. But the high dose can lead to the quality deterioration of wheat flour. Therefore it is feasible and dangerous of irradition dose < 2.0kGy to wheat storage. This study is aim to provide application of high-energy electron beam radiation in wheat storage.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1525-1531. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1525
In order to explore the change of quality and Se metabolization of 'hongyang'kiwi fruit with Se-enriched cultivation and promote the utilization rate of selenium component in fruit storage, the effects of storage temperature (-1.5, 5 and 20℃) on quality and selenium component in kiwifruit were investigated in this study. The results showed that: the decrease rate of fruit firmness and titratable acid and the value of hte in fruits during ice temperature (-1.5℃) storage was significantly lower than those of storage at 5℃ and 20℃ ambient temperature (P<0.01). Simultaneously, the concentration of total selenium, organic selenium, selenoprotein and selenium polysaccharide showed a downward trend during the whole duration of storage, and the orders of decrease rate was: room temperature (20℃)> low temperature (5℃) > ice temperature (-1.5 ℃). It demonsbated that ice temperature storage, in comparison with low temperature and room temperature, could prolong the shelf-life and reduce the loss of selenium component in a manner. This research provides a theoretical basis for the selenium stability and selenium component transformation.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1532-1538. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1532
With the aim of better understanding the nutritional value of feijoa and providing the theoretical background for application and utilization of feijoa further, fruit characteristics of cultivars, and the effect of cultivars (Anatoki, Kakariki, Barton, Unique and Apollo) and fruit maturity stage on phytochemical composition (total phenolics, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, contents) and ferric reducing antioxidant power were investigated. The results showed that feijoa fruit contained abundant phenolic substance (4.90 to 10.31 g ·100g-1 DW), especially in proanthocyanidins (0.44 to 0.83 g ·100g-1 DW). Total phenols, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins content and ferric reducing antioxidant power were influenced markedly by cultivar, mature stage and different fruit part (fruit peel, fruit flesh and fruit pulp). Among 5 cultivars, Anatoki had the highest total phenols (10.31 g ·100g-1 DW) and proanthocyanidins (0.83 g ·100g-1 DW) contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (16.56 g ·100g-1 DW). Fruit at over-mature stage was found to contain more total phenols and ferric reducing antioxidant power than at mature stage. Among different fruit organs, fruit peel accumulated the highest total phenols contents, total flavonoids contents and proanthocyanidins contents, followed in order by fruit flesh and fruit pulps. These results suggested that consumers ate the whole fruit or the more mixture of fruit flesh and fruit pulp can obtain more nutrients, and feijoa fruit waste extracts had potential value of development and utilization in food and health industries.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1539-1546. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1539
Degreased perennial Lablab sp. powders were extracted with 50% ethanol to study for its purification of flavones with resins and antibacterial activities. The adsorption-desorption characters of three resins (AB-8, HPD100 and polyamine) were compared on their adsorption and desorption rates for purifying flavones from the extracts. The polyamine was considered as the optimum resin for the purification by its best performances in adsorption-desorption properties. With the static and dynamic experiments in adsorption-desorption, the preferable parameters were obtained in purifying flavones of the extracts by polyamine resin. The results showed that, with the extract concentration in 0.31 mg ·mL-1, pH 5 and flow rate of 1.5 BV ·h-1, the adsorptive amount reached in 34.01 mg ·mL-1 and the 70% ethanol solution was optimum in use for desorption of purified flavones. The inhibition effects of flavonoids from both crude and purified extract of perennials Lablab sp. were significant in against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The potential of antibacterial activity was quantitatively positive in correlation with the concentration of Lablab sp. extracts. However, with similar concentration between crude extracted and purified flavonoids, the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was higher in crude extracts than in purified one. When flavonoid content was lower than 30 mg ·mL-1, the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was higher in crude extracts comparing with it in purified extracts, while it was in other way round if the concentration higher than 30 mg ·mL-1. This work might provide the information for further studies in development and comprehensive utilization of total flavonoids from perennials Lablab sp.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1547-1558. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1547
The objective of the study is to optimize ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves and investigate the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids in vitro. Hawthorn leaves were used in this paper. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of processing parameters, including ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and temperature. The yield of flavonoids was chosen as response value, and mathematical model was established by implementing four factors and three levels. The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and reducing power assays. The results indicated that the best extraction technology was ethanol concentration of 70%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:35, extraction time of 39 min and extraction temperature of 72℃. The actual flavonoids yield was 28.991 mg ·g-1, which showed a relative error of 0.71% compared with the predicted value (29.198 mg ·g-1). The concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) of DPPH radical scavenging activity of total flavonoids was 718.96 μg ·mL-1and IC50 value was 64.43μg ·mL-1 in ABTS radical scavenging assays. The iron ions reduction results showed that total flavonoids had certain reducing power. These results indicated that total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves have good antioxidant activity in vitro. The research can provide a scientific theory basis for further development and technical reference of hawthorn leaves.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1559-1565. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1559
To reveal the effect of different exogenous additives before curing on the economic characteristics, aroma component content, as well as the quality of upper tobacco leaves, the current study was carried out to inspect the effect of exogenous Sodium subsulfite(T1), Thiocarbamide(T2), malic acid(T3), NaCl(T4), EDTA(T5) on the single leaf weight, appearance quality, economic characteristics, main chemical components, smoking quality and aroma substance content of upper tobacco leaves by using K326 cultivar material, and taking water as the control treatment. The results showed as follow: the single weight of tobacco leaf by different treatments were significant higher than the control, except T1 treatment. Comparing different treatments, the tobacco leaves from T2 treatment showed the highest single weight, but lowest ratio of motley and superior tobacco leaves, as well as price. The T3 treatment displayed the highest price and superior ratio of tobacco leaves. For chemical component, no significant difference was showed among different treatments, however, the highest decrease extent displayed in T3 treatment, and the highest increase extent of potassium/chloride value. What's more, the T3 treatment showed significant effect on promoting the smoking and aroma quality of upper tobacco leaves. In total, spraying exogenous malic acid could significant promote the usable and quality of upper tobacco leaves. The result in current study provided scientific knowledge and foundation to the production and curing theory, as well as regulation method of flue-cured tobacco.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1566-1571. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1566
High Pulse Electric Field (PEF) sterilization technology has strong potential for eleminating Escherichia coli under non-thermal conditions. Several parameters including field strength, pulse width, frequency, time and pulse numbers, could have influence on sterilization effect. In this study, the sterilization parameters for Escherichia coli were optimized by two orthogonal experiments using PEF to obtain the best combined parameters. The results showed that pulse number is the most important parameter that influenced the sterilization effect, while pulse width and electric field strength have less impact. The best PEF sterilization parameters for sterilization of E. coli were 400 pulses (frequency=10Hz, time=40s) with each pulse width equals 5μs under 30kV ·cm-1 electric field strength.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1572-1576. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1572
Washing treatment is one of the most important steps among the surimi processing, a suitable washing treatment can significantly improve the quality of surimi and its products. There are variety means of washing treatment, such as water washing, alkaline process, saline washing and air floating washing. In this article, research process on the influence of washing medium, washing times and temperature as well as amount of washings on the quality of surimi and its product were summarized, then the prospect of application of composite medium in washing of fish meats was given. The objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical basic for improving the washing treatment in surimi processing.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1577-1582. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1577
Effects of cadmium (Cd) on growth and Cd accumulation characteristics of Zinnia angustifolia (Z. linearis) plants were studied by pot-culture for exploring feasibility of phytoremediation technology using ornamental plants. The results showed that biomass of Z. linearis was promoted by Cd with concentration of less than 60 mg ·kg-1 in soils, but that was not influenced by 120 mg ·kg-1. Cd content in different organs of Z. linearis showed a trend of that in roots was more than that in stems and leaves and flowers. Moreover, Cd content in different organs was enhanced with increasing of Cd concentration in pot soils, and the maximum was reached to 462.47, 271.86, 210.36 and 116.38 mg ·kg-1 respectively at 120 mg ·kg-1 Cd concentration. Value of Cd bioconcentration factors in plants was more than 1, and its highest accumulation in shoots reached to 1 342.44μg ·pot-1, or 335.61μg ·plant-1. These results suggested that Z. linearis plants should be chosen to be as a good ornamental to restore polluted soils by Cd due to its strong tolerance and accumulation for Cd. This work provided some evidences for using ornamental plants to restore polluted soils by heavy metals.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1583-1588. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1583
This study on the effect of elevated CO2 concentration on soybean photosynthetic ability will be helpful to understand the changes of soybean photosynthetic physiological under the future of global climate change. By using free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system, a pot experiment under field condition was conducted to study the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (550±60 μmol ·mol-1) on the leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of soybean. Elevated CO2 concentration increased the soybean leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and the water use efficiency (WUE), decreased the stomatic conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr). Elevated CO2 concentration decreased quantum yield of photosynthesis(ΦCO2)and leaf propotion of open PSⅡ reaction centers (qP) by 29.8% and 4.6%, respectively. The maximum quantum efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ) and leaf non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were not changed under elevated CO2 concentration.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1589-1595. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1589
To evaluate effects of different plant density on the photosynthetic characters of maize leaves at different leaf position, Zhengdan 958 was chosen as the material in this study. Results indicated that the content of chloropylla (Chla) for the third leaf is lower than that of the 6th and 9th leaf. With increasing of the plant density, the total chloroplast content of the third leaf showed significant degradation when the density was 90000 plants per hectare. At the same time, the chlorophyll fluorescence data showed that Fo of the third leaf was greater than that of the 6th and 9th leaf at the same plant density, while the Fv/Fm, PI and ETo/ABS was lower than that of the 6th and 9th leaf. With the increasing of density, the Fv/Fm, PI and ETo/ABS gradually decreased. The Pn and LSP of the third leaf appear dramatic decline with the increasing of plant density, while the related parameters of the sixth and ninth leaf showed no significant changes. The photosynthetic characters of leaves at different position presented significant difference in the high plant density. The ETo/ABS and chloropyll content of the third leaf decreased significantly with the plant density increasing. Contrast to the 6th and 9th leaf, LSP (light saturation point) and Pn of the third leaf decreased significantly. These above-mentioned results suggest that high plant density had a strong impact on the photosynthetic characters of the third leaf, while little impact on the 6th and 9th leaf. The result is a useful tool for the determination of the plant density of Zhengdan958 and the screening of the maize variety to high density tolerance.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1596-1606. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1596
Two experiments, drought resistance indexes selection for flax at the adult stage and drought resistance identification of flax germplasm, were performed. In the experiment of drought resistance indexes selection for flax at the adult stage, 8 agronomic traits were measured. Through statistical analysis, 5 traits were found out that are closely related to drought resistance. Their sequential order is: grain weight per plant, biomass per plant, plant height, no. of branches and grain no. per plant. Drought resistance of tested cultivars evaluated by these 5 traits, weighted drought resistance coefficient is closer to the actual result. In the experiment of drought resistance identification of flax germplasm, 190 flax germplasm were evaluated and classified by weighted drought resistance coefficient calculated from above 5 selected traits. There are 29 germplasm classified as level 1, 26 germplasm as level 2, 81 germplasm as level 3, 27 germplasm as level 4 and 27 germplasm as level 5. The drought resistance of germplasm are vary, local resources are better, followed by bred resources, and then the introduced resources. This study is useful for drought resistant flax germplasms development and breeding. It also provided the theoretical basis for establishment of technical specifications for drought resistance identification and evaluation of flax.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1607-1616. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1607
In order to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on grape growth, yield, and quality in hot and humid regions of Southern China and further clarify the biological effects of grafting, the present study investigated the effects of rootstock on plant vigor, yield, and berry quality through Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Alexandria grafted onto 22 rootstocks. Berry quality of these scion/rootstock combinations was comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis. The results showed that the membership function of growth potential in plants grown on 5BB was the highest. Rootstock had a significant effect on yield, with coefficients of variation equal to 23.11%. Red Alexandria on Dog Ridge, Saltcreek, Freedom, and Rupestris du lot produced fruits with higher yield. There were significant effects on hue angle and anthocyanin content in the peel, whose coefficients of variation were 64.19% and 53.35%, respectively. Freedom, Rupestris du lot, Saltcreek, and Huajia No. 8 rootstocks significantly accelerated berry coloring. The influence of rootstock on total phenolics, flavonoids, and radical scavenging capacity by FRAP and ABTS were higher; their coefficients of variation were 34.92%, 35.12%, 37.22%, and 36.58%, respectively. The berries on SO4, Rupestris du lot, and Freedom contained more phenolic compounds and exhibited higher antioxidant activity. The results of the principal component analysis suggest that three rootstocks, including Freedom, Saltcreek, and Rupestris du lot, could improve yield and quality for Vitis vinifera cv. Red Alexandria in hot and humid regions of Southern China. This study provides some guidance for evaluating of grape grafting cultivation in Southern China.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1617-1623. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1617
To investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the growth and physiological characteristics of pepper seedlings under high temperature stress,the changes of the growth and physiological indexes of pepper seedlings under high temperature stress and the mitigation effects of exogenous NO to high temperature stress was studied with "Songyang" pepper in nutrient solution. The results showed, under high temperature stress, the increasing rate of plant height and fresh weight decreased, the content of proline and soluble protein increased, the activity of antioxidant enzyme including SOD and POD increased, the content of MDA increased. A certain concentration of SNP could mitigate the stress of high temperature on seedling growth of pepper. Contrast to the high temperature control group(T0),the increasing rate of plant height and fresh weight increased with 85.2% and 45.3%, the content of proline and soluble protein, the activity of SOD and POD increased first and than decreased with the highest number when the concentration of SNP was 100 to 200 μmol·L-1, the content of proline and soluble protein increased with 53.8% and 30.0% respectively, the activity of SOD and POD increased with 34.1% and 54.4% respectively. The content of MDA decreased first and than increased, with the lowest number when the concentration of SNP was 100 to 200 μmol·L-1. decreased with 26.0%. Indicated that NO acted as an important signal molecule, might alleviate lipid peroxidation through activating antioxidant enzyme system and improve the osmotic adjustment substances content to improve the resistance of pepper seedlings to high temperature stress, which provide theoretical basis to clarify the physiological mechanism of exogenous NO mitigate the high temperature stress on pepper seedlings.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1624-1631. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1624
To improve fertilizer use efficiency, fertilizer applicator fertilization was used as a simple fertilization method on fruit trees. This study was carried out to explore the influence of the ditch broadcast fertilization in the radial shape and fertilizer applicator on the changes of soil nutrient dynamic content, and the impact on the nutrient content of leaves, peach yields and qualities of 10-year-old late-maturing peach cultivar Chinese peach. The results showed that with the same amount of fertilizer, the soil content of potassium and available phosphorus under the treatment of 0 to 40cm soil fertilization with the fertilizer applicator, was significantly higher than the ditch broadcast fertilization in the radial shape, the maximum increase was 46.92% and 30.0%, respectively, and no significant differences appeared compared to 40~60cm soil; Each soil layer NH4+-N, NO3--N content with fertilizer applicator fertilization was significantly higher than the ditch broadcast fertilization in the radial shape, and the maximum increase was 76.44% and 48.77%, respectively. Total contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves increased with increasing amount of fertilizer. The difference between the same fertilized amounts was not observed significantly. With the same amount of fertilizer, fertilizer applicator had a positive effect on single fruit weight, fruit diameter, contents of soluble solids and fruit yield. So this study can provide a theoretical basis for fertilizer applicator fertilization increasing soil nutrient content and orchard efficient fertilization.
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Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2015, 29(8): 1632-1639. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.08.1632
To study the physiological mechanism of phosphorus element on the root formation of muskmelon, muskmelon (Jin-fei) was used as experimental material under modern greenhouse, by measuring the muskmelon root matter accumulation, morphological indexes and physiological indexes, to investigate the effect of phosphorus element on root physiological active substance of muskmelon seedling. Through substrate culture method, under different phosphorus levels of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 mmol·L-1, respectively, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, root activity, soluble protein content, nitrate nitrogen content, nitrate reductase activity, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, ascorbic acid oxidase activity and polyphenol oxidase activity were measured to reveal the mechanism of different phosphorus levels on muskmelon and provide the theoretical basis on phosphorus efficiency cultivating. The results showed that appropriate dosage of phosphorus element(0.9 ~1.2 mmol·L-1)can best promote root growth of seedling through increasing the root fresh weight, root dry weight and root volume, improving root activity, soluble protein content and nitrate nitrogen content, promoting nitrate reductase activity, catalase activity, peroxidase activity and ascorbic acid oxidase activity. While phosphorus dosage was less than 0.6 mmol·L-1 or higher than 1.5 mmol·L-1, all indexes decreased significantly. The action effects of phosphorus on muskmelon seedling root formation was defined by researching on the effects of phosphorus on root morphological changes, matter accumulation and physiological characteristics during seedling growth of muskmelon, therefore, this study provided the theory basis for application rationally phosphorus fertilizer in muskmelon production, and technical guarantee for muskmelon strong seedling and high yield production.
