01 April 2014, Volume 28 Issue 3
-
Select all|
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 365-370. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0365
A new agaricus blazei variety named ‘Fuji 77’ was bred through irradiating mycelium of strain J1 using a combination of 60Co-γ ray and UV. Anol it has been approved by Non-main crops variety approal conmittee of Fujian province in 2013. Results from multi-site trails in Fujian Province have showed that compared with J1, the yield increased by 23.1%~38.8%, and crude protein and crude fiber increased by 25.2% and 10.2% respectively. In addition, C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acid contents increased by 17.9% and 8.7% respectively, while Hg, Cd and Pb contents decreased by 17.7%, 87.7% and 28.6% respectively. ‘Fuji 77’ with high stable yield, high nutritional quality and low heavy metals content was suitable to be promoted for growth in a large area.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 371-377. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0371
Stripe rust resistant wheat introgression lines were developed by crossing the resistant partial amphiploid TAI7047 derived from susceptible cultivars. To identify potentially new sources of effective stripe rust resistance genes against Chinese races, we evaluated the seedling and adult plant responses to the most widely virulent and predominant pathotypes CYR32 and CYR33, as well as v26, a new Yr24/Yr26 virulent pathotype of 82 Th. intermedium-derived wheat introgression lines. 38 lines were immune to CYR32, CYR33 and v26, 51 lines to CYR32, 48 to CYR33 and 52 to v26 with the resistance being derived from their wild parent Th. intermedium. Cytological observation of three randomly selected resistant lines and their F1 hybrids involving Chinese Spring wheat demonstrated that all had 42 chromosomes with an average chromosome pairing pattern of 2n=0.26 Ⅰ +20.79 Ⅱ + 0.05 Ⅲ and 2n=0.37 Ⅰ + 20.68 Ⅱ + 0.09 Ⅲ, respectively, suggesting that these wheat-Th. intermedium introgression lines were cytologically stable with a regular pairing with wheat chromosomes, and could be used in breeding for wheat cultivar resistant to stripe rust.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 378-385. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0378
The Hsp70 genes are the most important heat shock proteins (Hsps) in plants. They play an important role in plant response to stresses. In this paper, genome-wide identification and analysis of Hsp70 gene family members in tomato was performed with bioinformatics methods. Results showed that tomato contains at least 22 Hsp70 genes with protein sequence length varying from 210 to 890 aa. Number of introns is ranging from 0 to 12. Among them, four duplicated genes were identified. Sliding window analysis found that these duplicated gene segments (or sites) may be under positive selection. In addition, sequence alignment showed that tomato Hsp70 gene family members have a wide range of conserved motifs. Chromosome location revealed that these genes were distributed unevenly in tomato 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic relationship showed that Hsp70 gene family members from tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana can be divided into four groups, but number of each group is variable. Among them, there are three pairs of paralogous genes and seven pairs of orthologous genes. It showed that Hsp70 gene families have existed before differentiation between tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 386-392. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0386
Dried seeds of indica rice Photoperiod-and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(PGMS) Line Peiai64S were carried into space by satellite ‘Shijian No. 8’ and the mutagenic effects of space condition on the induction and differentiation of the callus of 19 mutant lines were studied. The anther culture ability of ‘Peiai 64S’ displayed a wide range of variation after space mutation, and the mutants H17,H11,H14 and H6 as PGMS line were screen out as suitable lines for anther culture. Moreover, the albino plant differentiation frequency of H8 and H6 was lower than CK, and H6 performed better in the aspects of the comprehensive characters. The combination of space conditions and anther culture could not only produce promising mutants with high anther culture ability,but also provide a foundation for the study of indica's anther culture and breeding of male sterile line.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 393-397. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0393
It was found that in the crosses of different maize and Z. perennis, the seed setting rate had great variation. There were genes in maize genome that affect the compatibility of distant crosses. In order to study the regulation mechanism for this phenomenon, this research used the major gene plus poly-gene model of quantitative traits to a joint analysis of multi-generations (P1,P2,F1,F2,B1,B2) to detect inheritance pattern of the seed setting rate of maize in the cross and back cross 975-12×R18. It showed that in the cross 975-12×R18, the seed setting rate was controlled by two additive-dominant-epistatic major-genes plus additive-dominant polygenes (the E-1 model). However, in the cross R18×975-12, it was controlled by two additive-dominant-epistatic major-genes plus additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes (the E-0 model). In the cross 975-12×R18, the heritability of the major gene was highest in the F2 population (88.9%), and the highest heritability of the polygene was 14.2% in the B1 population. In the cross R18×975-12, the highest heritability of the major gene was also in the F2 population (87.3%), and the highest heritability of the polygene was 80.8% in the B2 population.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 398-403. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0398
β-D-glucan is an important biologically active molecule and high level of β-D-glucan in diet contributes to improve human health. Recently, significant progress has been made in mapping QTLs and isolating β-D-glucan related genes by studing segregating populations and mutants in hulless barley. This review, therefore, aims to summarize the progress on mapping and cloning genes related to β-D-glucan and elucidate their associations with this quality trait. Finally, it was predicted that the content of β-glucan is controlled by QTLs, and the regulating expression of cellulase class (HvCsl) gene family, especially HvCslF6 members is probably the key factor to β-glucan synthesis.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 404-411. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0404
A new mutant of early secescence,lst(Leaf senescence at tillering stage),was obtained from the rice restorer line zhehui7954,which was induced by EMS. the most important phenotype feature of the mutant is appeared rusty aging spots on leaves. Observation by fluorescence confocal inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope showed chlorophyll fluorescence decreased and abnormal chloroplast structure in lst mutant.The physiogical analysis showed that when the flag leaves of the lst appeared senescence traits, by contrast with the wild type, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased significantly, while O2-、H2O2 and MDA contents increases significantly, and the activites of the protective enzyme system SOD and CAT deccreased. genetic analysis suggested that the mutantional trait was controlled by a nuclear recessive gene. Nipponbare was crossed with the lst and 200 mutational F2 single plants were used for genemapping.Finally,LST gene locus was mapped between SSR marker RM3646 and InDel marker IAC120537-1,2 on the chromosome 3 with physical distance of 171bp which contains two BAC and 30 gene. This result provides a foundation of LST gene cloning by map-based strategy as well as its functional analysis.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 412-417. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0412
The isolated microspores from barley cultivar‘Hua 30’were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS),and cultured under low nitrogen stress to generate plantlets. Their double haploid (DH) lines were planted in field under normal fertilization and low nitrogen stress to identify the low nitrogen tolerance mutants. Three agronomy traits including plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, and yield per plant were selected for evaluation against their parent of barley cv‘Hua 30’. The results showed that the positive variances of three traits were observed in DH lines comparing to their parents, under the normal fertilization and low nitrogen stress, especially in the latter condition. It is practicable to obtain the homozygous mutants with improved low nitrogen tolerance through microspores mutagenesis with EMS followed by culture under low nitrogen stress.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 418-422. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0418
To determine effects of egg irradiation on development and reproduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), three different ages of B. dorsalis eggs (12-, 24-and 36-h-old) were irradiated at 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0 and 40.0 Gy separately by 60Co. The egg hatch rates were observed and compared with control. The results showed that dose of 5.0 Gy and above significantly inhibited 12-h-old egg hatching. There were no significant differences among doses in hatch rate of both 24-and 36-h-old eggs' hatch rates. Irradiated 36-h-old eggs were chosen to do fellow-up studies for their higher egg hatch rates. The results showed that no gender differences existed for all doses' effects. Doses of 20 Gy and above significantly reduced pupal weight and inhibited adults emerging. As radiation dose increased, adult fly abilities and mortalities increased but hatch rates of progeny eggs decreased. In conclusion, irradiation doses of 15-20 Gy on 36-h-old could inhibit adult emerging but showed little effects on development and quality of larvae and pupae. This research would provide a scientific basis for mass rearing egg-pupal parasitoids of B.dorsalis with nuclear irradiation.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 423-428. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0423
The current experiment was conducted to examine the effect of heavy ion radiation in vitro maturation of oocytes and early development of fertilization eggs of sheep. Using different doses of heavy ion irradiation on oocyte and semen, we observed the ratio of in vitro maturation of oocytes and cleavage morula blastocyst of early embryos after fertilization. The results show that 1.0 and1.5 Gy could improve significantly the ratio of in vitro oocyte maturation compared with control group(p<0.01); early development of the embryo had a significant change after fertilization of semen and oocyte by heavy ion radiating. When irradiatied on semen, the ratio of cleavage and mulberry embryo of early embryos increased significantly by 0.5and1.0 Gy dose irradiating(p<0.05), but the ratio of blastocyst had no significant change. After radiating by1.5 Gy dose, the ratio of cleavage was significantly increased(p<0.05), while the cleavage, mulberry embryo and blastocyst was significantly decreased when radiation was 2.0 Gy dose(p<0.01). When irradiatied on oocyte, the ratio of cleavage,mulberry and blastocyst increased significantly when radiation were 0.5and1.0 Gy dose irradiating(p<0.05),and the ratio of cleavage and mulberry significantly reduced (p<0.01) after irradiating by 2.0 Gy, but the ratio of blastula development is zero after oocyte radiated by 2.0 Gy dose. Our finding suggested that low doses of heavy ion radiation promoted in vitro fertilization obviously, the early embryonic development but high doses of radiation inhibited cell growth.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 429-432. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0429
Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive pest that causes severe damage to the fruit and vegetable,this article studied the lethal effects of high energy electronic beam on the eggs and larvae in bananas and pupae in soil of Bactrocera dorsalis. By used of irradiation doses were 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000Gy of AB5.0-20x electron linear accelerator, the LD50 value of egg, larvae and pupae were 879.8, 2839.1 and 868.5Gy respectively.The results showed larvae were better tolerant to high electronic beam than eggs and pupae. The dose of 3000Gy can effectively inhibit the hatching of eggs (hatching rate: 1.05%) and eclosion of pupae (eclosion rate: 0), but the motality of larvae was merely 62.22%, Much more research should be proceed to improve the irradiation effects.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 433-439. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0433
The paper selected chicken breast as raw material, ultra high pressure treated salt-soluble proteins (SSP) which were extracted from chicken breast, and then detected by SDS-PAGE, the effects of high pressure and guar gum on chicken salt-soluble protein and gel properties were researched. The results showed: the concentration of SSP reduced, its pH gradually increased and strength and viscosity of the gel significantly increased with the pressure increasing; the trend of elasticity gel increased then decreased; electrophoretic bands of large molecular weight protein denatured significantly and change of small molecular weight protein was complex by UHP. The experiment evidence that UHP can change the structure of protein molecules, make it off small molecules, and promote absorbing and using by the organism; adding guar gum enhances the gelling properties, and be important implications for food industry.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 440-445. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0440
Different varieties of the Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and seedlings stem segments of phalaenopsis were irradiated with fast neutron impulse pile, the results showed that: Semi-lethal pouring dose(LD50) of neutron radiation on the PLBs of Firebird and Neyshan guniang were 3279×108·cm-2 and 4063×108·cm-2,on the Seedlings stem segments of Firebird and Neyshan guniang were 2239×108·cm-2 and 2298×108·cm-2, by the regression analysis of the processed material.Radiation sensitivity of phalaenopsis were Firebird > Neyshan guniang and seedling stem segments >PLBs. There was a certain role in promoting the multiplication and differentiation of PLBs when the pouring dose of neutron radiation less than 600×108·cm-2. When the pouring dose of neutron radiation less than 600×108·cm-2, it was no impact on rooting of stem segments seedlings.When the pouring dose of neutron radiation less than 300×108·cm-2,neutron radiation had a role in promoting the multiplication of the seedlings stem segments.On the proliferation and differentiation of Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and the multiplication and rooting of stem segments seedlings, high fluence (>2500×108·cm-2) irradiation showed a significant inhibition.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 446-452. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0446
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the flavor substance of milk-stage sweet corn or waxy corn juice. The volatile components of the two samples treated by blanching, boiled water or autoclaving were analyzed by SPME-GC-MS. Linear aldehydes and alcohols were main components in the fresh corn juices. The total number of volatile compound was decreased obviously in the corn juices made by blanching-treated knernels. The type of aldehydes and alcohols was loss from 14 to 5, 10 to 0, and peak areas was significantly decreased, account for 48.7% and 0.0% of fresh corn, respectively. After heating by boiled water, no significant change was observed for the number and content of volatile components. Autoclaving treatment was found to increase the number of volatile components in the juices with 2.6 and 2.8 folds, while total peak areas increased 3.4 and 12.7 folds. Although one of the most important flavor compounds attribute to corn flavor, dimethyl sulfide was detected, the content of dimethyl sulfide was up to thirties or three hundred times. In summery, the flavor components of sweet and waxy corn juice showed showed different sensitivity to heat treatment, suggesting different parameters should be applied. This study would make a reference to corn juice processing optimization and quality enhancement.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 453-458. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0453
The Peach Fruit Moth, Carposina sasakii Matsmura, is an important quarantine pest which was mostly concerned by importing countries. In order to compare the radiation effects on preventing adult emergence and the radiotolerance between colonies and generations, the mature larvae of C. sasakii were treated with 60Co-γ rays, 5 MeV X-rays, and 6 MeV X-rays, respectively, where all the treatments were conducted at the target dose of 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 Gy with the monitored dose rate of 2.55~5.5 Gy·min-1. In statistics analysis, data on the Abbott's mortality (non-emergence of adult) were subject to analysis of variation (ANOVA), the results showed that 160 Gy lead 100% mortality to adult stage, and the eclosion rate decreased significantly with the increase of dose, but there was no significant difference in the Abbott's mortality when irradiated at the same doses that provided by any of gamma rays, or 5 MeV X-rays, or 6 MeV X-rays. In addition, there was no significant difference in the Abbott's mortality when the same doses were applied to the mature larvae of apple colony (13th and 20th generation) and hawthorn colony (6th generation). The minimum absorbed doses (ED99 and ED99.9968) for preventing adult emergence, which were widely used in phytosanitary irradiation and estimated through probit analysis by POLO software (LeOra Software), were quite close in all the treatments (range of mean value: ED99 152.4~159.2 Gy; ED99.9968 195.2~208.7 Gy). Thus, we could conclude that there were equal biological effects on preventing adult emergence among Cobalt-60 gamma rays, 5 MeV X-rays, and 6 MeV X-rays, and there were also close radiotolerance in hawthorn colony and different generations of apple colony. As the mature larvae is the most tolerant larval stages in host fruits, then the minimum absorbed dose of 200 Gy could be suggested for phytosanitary irradiation of any fresh fruits contaminated with the larvae of peach fruit moth.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 459-466. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0459
Extraction conditions of collagen from the skin of Jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) were optimized and the main features of the collagen were characterized. Effects of different extration factors on collagen were studied using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were as follows: pepsin concentration of 2% (w/w), extraction time of 53 h, acetic acid concentration of 0.70 mol·L-1, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:240 (w/v). Under these conditions, the yield of crude collagen was up to 51.47%. The crude collagen was then purified by salting precipitation and ultrafiltration. The obtained collagen from D. gigas appeared to contain mainly type Ⅰ collagen, composed of α1, α2 and β chains. Amino acid analysis results showed that the glycine was the major one with 281 residues/1000 residues and the imino acids of 167 residues/1000 residues.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 467-477. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0467
In order to To analyze the effect of different heating temperature on volatiles and bitterness of Laminaria and Porphyra. The change of volatiles and bitterness were assayed by head space solid-phase micro extraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed distinct differences between Laminaria and Porphyra treated with different heating temperatures (unheating, 95℃, 150℃). In addtion, the bitter substances in production process, kinds and relative contents are different. Bitter substance (5-methyl-2-furfural) was produced at 150℃ in Laminaria, while methyl-pyrazine was produced in Porphyra at whole treating temperatures, and with rising temperature relative content of methyl-pyrazine was improved. Ou the conclusions that the volatile compounds and bitterness of different seaweeds are different.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 478-484. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0478
In order to investigate the feasibility of the replacement of inulin with inulin flour in gel processing, this experiment investigated the differences in volumetric gel index, gelling time, gel textural properties, water holding capability, oil holding capability, transmittancy, freeze-thaw stability between inulin flour gel and inulin gel. The results showed that when concentration of inulin flour was 40%, the volumetric gel index was 97.8%, and the volumetric gel index,viscosity, elasticity, cohesion, chew and restorative value had no difference with the inulin gel at the same concentration. When the concentration of inulin flour was 45%, its volumetric gel index was 100%, and compared with inulin gel, the gelling time had no significant difference. The oil holding capability of inulin flour was better than the inulin, the water retention, freeze-thaw stability showed similar trends with the inulin gel. When the concentration was greater than 50%, light transmittance of inulin flour gel has little difference compared with inulin gel. Inulin flour would be widely used as a new type of raw processing material in the fermentation of dairy products, pastries, frozen meat and in other food products.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 485-491. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0485
In order to clarify the important physiological effect of nitrogen on plant exposed to heavy metals, poplar plants were used as experimental material and treated with CdCl2 plus NH4HCO3,CdCl2 and NH4HCO3, respectively. After 60 days of treatment, plant growth, relative content of precursor of chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure were detected. Results showed that plant height, dry weight and chlorophyll content of the plants exposed to Cd all significantly decreased when compared to the controls. Cd seriously destroyed chloroplast ultrastructure and inhibited Chl synthesis. The blocking site located on the steps between Urogen Ⅲ and Coprogen Ⅲ; nitrogen addition could promote the growth, increase content of chlorophyll of plants under stress of Cd, and well protect the chloroplast ultrastructure, effectively alleviate the inhibition of Cd to chlorophyll synthesis by unblocking the pathway. The above results demonstrated that nitrogen played an important role in detoxifying heavy metals from plants.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 492-499. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0492
Brassica juncea and Brassica chinensis plants were subjected to varying doses of Ⅴ for 40 days to investigate the effects on uptake, tissue accumulation and subcellular distribution of Ⅴ in the two cultivars by differential centrifugation. The distribution level of Ⅴ in plant organs was in sequence as follows: root >leaf >petiole. There was a significant difference of Ⅴ accumulation and distribution in roots and aerial parts of the two vegetables: Ⅴ level in Brassica juncea was more than that in Brassica chinensis. With Ⅴ stress level increasing, the bioconcentration factors(BCF) of the two vegetables increased, but their transfer coefficients(TF) decreased, indicating that they have certainability of Ⅴ enrichment. Transporting less Ⅴ from roots to aerial parts by the vegetables results in that more Ⅴ was enriched in roots, reducing the damage of excessive Ⅴ to the aerial parts of vegetables. Ⅴ subcellular distribution in plant organs was mainly localized in cell walls and soluble fractions. Plant fractionation indicated that 73.4%~78.6% of Ⅴ in roots, 74.9%~79.8% in petioles, and 86.6%~93.2% in leaves was accumulated in cell walls and soluble fractions. For roots and leaves, Ⅴ accumulation increased in cell wall but decreased in soluble fractions, with Ⅴ level increasing. For petioles, Ⅴ accumulation increased in soluble fractions but decreased in cell nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts. At all doses of Ⅴ stress, Brassica juncea had higher tolerance to Ⅴ than Brassica chinensis does. It suggested that there was a joint contribution of cell walls and vacuoles in Ⅴ accumulation and detoxification in Brassica junce and Brassica chinensis.
-
Studies on the Difference of Yield Components Characteristics Between Indica and Japonica Super RiceJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 500-511. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0500
In order to reveal the difference of yield components characteristics between indica and japonica super rice, Field experiments were conducted by using five main representative super hybrid indica combinations and five conventional japonica super rice varieties in rice-wheat cropping regions. Grain yield and its components, dynamics of population stems and tillers, panicle characteristics and grain-filling properties were analyzed systematically. The results indicated that, grain yield, panicle numbers, total spikelets, setting percentage, storage capacity, total filling, ratio of productive tillers, grain density, ratio of No. of branches of primary branches to No. of branches of secondary branches, ratio of total grains of primary branches to total grains of secondary branches, No. of branches of primary branches per panicle, grains per branch of primary branches, total grains of primary branches per panicle, seed-setting rate of primary branches, seed-setting rate of secondary branches, the final weight of a kernel, the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate, the weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate, active grain-filling period and effective grain-filling period of japonica rice were higher than indica rice, while spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, No. of branches of secondary branches per panicle, grains per branch of secondary branches, total grains of secondary branches per panicle, initial grain-filling potential, maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate followed an opposite tendency accordingly. However, no significant trend was observed for the ratio of the weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate to the final weight of a kernel between indica and japonica rice. Although the grain-filling processes of indica and japonica super rice were all asynchronous types, the phenomenon of two-stage grain-filling was more illustrious in indica rice. The grain-filling of indica rice started quickly and accumulated rapidly with short duration, declined fast in the end. The grain filling at the early, middle and late stage for inferior grains of japonica rice were higher than indica rice with the increasing range of 0.73%, 2.59%, 3.43%, respectively, which suggested that the advantages of japonica rice would go larger and larger with the advancement of grain-filling. The stable-increasing-stable-decreasing tendency of population stems and tillers, multi-panicles, rational panicle structure, high seed-setting rate, stable and long duration grain-filling and high quality grain-filling for the inferior grains at the later period of grain-filling were the key points of enlarging sink, promoting the enrichment, stable yield and high yield of japonica rice.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 512-517. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0512
To study the effects of different altitudes and canopies on fruit coloration.Fruits of Golden Delicious apple were used as material to analyse the pericarp pigment contents and relevant enzyme activities in coloring late. The results showed both the altitudes and canopies affected the Golden Delicious apple coloration, and the Xiaojin County was consistent with Mao County. There were maximums of anthocyanin content, soluble sugar content and activities of PAL, DFR, UFGT in the upper which was in different altitudes in Xiaojin County and Mao County, and minimums of chlorophyll content, best apple coloration. The anthocyanin content of apples in different altitudes and canopies were very significant positive correlated with colour index, soluble sugar content, PAL, DFR and UFGT activities. The very significant negative correlation was found between the anthocyanin content with chlorophyll content. The altitudes and canopies affected the Golden Delicious apple coloration in Xiaojin County and Mao County to varying degrees. In the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, the PAL regulates the initiation of anthocyanin synthesis; the DFR was the anthocyanin key enzyme only in individual cases; the UFGT was one of the key enzymes of anthocyanin synthesis; the soluble sugar was closely related to the accumulation of anthocyanin and was one of the signal substances of regulation related enzyme activity; the chlorophyll could hinder the accumulation of anthocyanin.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 518-525. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0518
The field experiment studiedinfluences of 10 different organic manures application on oil flax yield and quality. The 10 organic manures included farmyard manure(T3), oil flax residue(T4),‘Roudanbai’ bio-fertilizer(T5), ‘Lvnengruiqi’ refined organic fertilizer(T6), ‘Jinfufeng’soil conditioner(T7), high quality soybean meal biological organic fertilizer(T8),‘Heizhenzhu’(T9) and‘Baaiwo’bio-fertilizers.Treatments without fertilizer(T1) and with chemical fertilizer(T2) were used as controls.The results showed chemical manures can obxiously increase the growth rate of oil flax at early stage. The organic manures can promote growth and development of oil flax at middle-late stage; they significantly increase dry matter acculmination per day after the squaring period, which reached peak value which were 333.51 mg·plant-1·d-1 between full flowering and young fruit stage and increased by 20.80% and 9.75% over controls. The yield under different organic fertilizer appilications were significantly increased over treatment without fertilizer. T4 and T8 yields increased by 9.92% and 10.38% over treatment with chemical fertilizer respectively. The flax yield had a extremely notable relationship with both pod number stem and pod number per plant, with correlation coefficient of 0.84, 0.82 respectively. The content of grain crude fat under different organic fertilizer appilications were significantly higher than the treatment without fertilizer, and the content of linolenic acid of T8 significantly increased by 3.78% over treatment with chemical fertilizer.
-
Effects of Chromium Stress on Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Flue-cured TobaccoJournal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 526-531. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0526
In order to investigate the effects of different concentrations of chromium (0, 20, 40, 60, 80mg·kg-1) on morphological, physiological and biochemical traits in K326, we carried out pot culture experiment and main agronomic traits (plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, picth, max leaf length and width), biomass, contents of chlorophyll, activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at three time points after transplanting (25, 50 and 75 days). The results showed that the agronomic and physiological and biochemical traits decreased obviously with the increasing concentration of chromium. However, with the longer growing period, the main agronomic traits increased, chlorophyll content showed significant reduction, SOD activity showed a clear upward trend, and POD got to the highest activity 50 days post transplanting. These results would be helpful to optimize the planting conditions and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 532-539. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0532
Poplar (PopulusבLulin-1’) seedlings grown in pots were subjected to four different water treatments (normal irrigation, light drought, moderate drought and severe drought). The relative water content, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and protective enzyme activities in leaves of poplar were tested. The results indicated that with the extension of drought stress time, the relative water content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) in leaves of poplar decreased gradually under light drought stress, while decreased rapidly under both moderate and severe drought stress. Furthermore, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased tardily under light drought stress, increased after an initial decrease under moderate stress and increased all the time under severe stress. This suggested that reductions in Pn resulted from stomatal limitations under light drought stress, from both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations under moderate drought stress and from non-stomatal limitations under the severe drought stress. At the same time, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in leaves of poplar declined slowly under light stress, however, declined quickly under both moderate and severe stress. The non-photo chemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased significantly under the light drought stress, but had a trend of increasing firstly and decreasing then under either moderate or severe drought stress. Additionally, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves decreased after an initial increase. As a result, under the light drought stress the decreased Pn were mainly owing to stomatal limitations through stomatal regulation, the enhance of thermal dissipation and antioxidant enzyme jointly; under the moderate and severe drought stress major non-stomatal limitations responsible for reduction in Pn were associated with the impairment of PSⅡ and antioxidant enzyme system.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 540-545. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0540
Field experiments and laboratory analysis were conducted to investigate effects of organic rice-crab, conventional rice-crab and rice monoculture production modes on organo-mineral complex status in soil. Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon and heavy humus in the organic rice-crab modes increased significantly by 9.81%~25.13% and 5.29%~14.73%, respectively in 2009, 20.93%~44.09% and 12.44%~28.45%, respectively in 2010. At the same time, the quantity of organo-mineral complex and additional organo-mineral complex were also increased, but the degree of organo-mineral complex decreased, and this effect was greater with increasing amounts of organic manure. A similar but less significant trend was also observed between the organic and conventional rice-crab production modes. The contents of soil organic carbon, heavy humus and the quantity of organo-mineral complex significantly declined in the rice monoculture. Our results suggest that the organic rice-crab production mode can not only improve the quantity and quality of soil organic carbon, but also promote the formation of organo-mineral complex in soils and increase soil fertility.
-
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. 2014, 28(3): 546-551. https://doi.org/10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.03.0546
Intercropping of two or more crops is widely employed. In order to increase the yield of mungbean to get more economic profits, intercropping of mungbean with millet or maize were studied. The sole cropping of Bailv 6 was used as control, Effects of cropping patterns on biological features,yield and qualities of mungbean were investigated in the mungbean/millet and mungbean/maize intercropping systems. The results indicated that intercropping could affect many biological features during all the growing processes, which led to the discrepancies in yield and quality of Bailv 6 obtained by different cultivation patterns. In the seedling stage, intercropping had no obvious effects on mungbean. However, from jointing stage to flowering stage, the mungbean/millet intercropping system exhibited its advantages in plant height, leaf area and dry weight per plant of the mungbean. Furthermore, in the mature stage, mungbean/millet intercropping system showed its advantage more obviously in pods per plant, yield per plant, grains per pod, 100-seed weight and branch number of the mungbean. All of the effects presented above contributed to the improvement of mungbean yield in mungbean/millet intercropping system. 1404.48 kg·hm-2 of mungbean was obtained in mungbean/millet intercropping system which was 30.3% higher than that in mungbean/maize intercropping system. Meanwhile, mungbean/millet intercropping pattern could increase protein content and decrease fat content in mungbean. In conclusion, mungbean/millet intercropping pattern could increase mungbean yield and improve its quality. This cultivation mode embodied its superiority and might suitable for being applied on production practice.
