20 November 2013, Volume 27 Issue 11
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1603-1609. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1603
In this study, two maize inbred lines 08-641 and 18-599 were carried into cosmic space by recoverable satellite "Shijian 8", grain shrunken transparently and opaquely mutants were selected as experimental materials and their soluble sugar content in kernel were measured by annthrone colorimetry. The content of soluble sugar in mutant st1 kernels began to rise in 10 days after pollination, to reach the peak in 25 days and significantly higher than the contrast 08-641, while in mutant sol kernels it began to rise in 10 days after pollination,to reach the peak in 20 days and significantly higher than the contrast 18-599. The results of genetic analysis and allelism test showed that the trait in both mutants was all controlled by a single recessive gene, the mutant st1 was allelic to the su1 and the mutant sol was allelic to the sh2. DNA sequence alignment found 2 single-base mutations in 2 and 13 exon of su1 gene in the mutant st1 and 3 single-base mutations in 2, 5 and 16 exon of sh2 gene in mutant so1 leading to the change in amino acid sequences. So it is inferred that starch biosynthesis in the mutants may be blocked by these mutations, which lead to the increase of soluble sugar content in kernel.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1610-1616. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1610
Based on intergeneric protoplast fusion between Triticum aestivum L. and Aegilops L. induced by PEG, this experiment was intended to establish and improve the system for the heterokaryon formation, and provided intermediate materials for disease resistance breeding in wheat. In this study, the protoplasts from the mature embryo and leaves of Mingxian 169 (Triticum aestivum L.) and leaves of Y2155a (Ae. speltoides Tausch.) were dyed with neutral red, FDA (fluorescein diacetate) and rhodamine B, respectively. In this experiment, it was studied for the optimal dyes, the optimum enzymolysis time and fusion density by observing and analyzing related parameters about the resolving effects of different combination, livability and fusion rate of protoplasts. The results showed that wheat mature embryo protoplasts (excluding the chloroplasts) stained by FDA emitted green fluorescent light under UV light, otherwise protoplasts of Triticum aestivum and Ae. speltoides leaves glowed red fluorescent light by staining with rhodamine B, while neutral red was unsuitable for poor staining. So wheat mature embryo and Ae. speltoides leaves were selected for the protoplast fusion. The optimal enzymolysis time of protoplast isolation was 4h, and the livability of protoplast was up to 86.2%. The optimum density of protoplast fusion was 10×106cells·mL-1, and the heteronuclear protoplast fusion rate reached up to 16.1%. It was concluded that FDA and rhodamine B were suitable for dying wheat mature embryo and Ae. speltoides leaves, respectively. Based on it, heterokaryons could be effectively distinguished. When protoplast isolation time was 4h and protoplast fusion density was 10×106cells·mL-1, high livability protoplasts were obtained and heterokaryons were formed more easily.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1617-1623. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1617
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a key enzyme in the C4 photosynthetic pathway. In order to study the improved effect of the enzyme on photosynthetic characteristics in spring wheat, the ZmPEPC gene in maize (zea mays) was successfully cloned. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the coding sequence of the ZmPEPC gene had 2913 bp in length, encoding 970 amino acids. One functional domain of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase at position 175-970, and two phosphate pyruvate carboxylase activity sites at position 173-184 and 597-609 were found. Through particle-mediated bombardment, the ZmPEPC gene was transferred into spring wheat Xinchun 26, which has good quality and strong gluten. Compared with non-transgenic control, the chlorophyll content and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity of transgenic spring wheat were increased. The result indicates the ZmPEPC gene plays an active role in improving the photosynthetic characteristics of spring wheat, and establishes a good foundation for using of the C4 photosynthetic pathway key enzyme in improving the yield of spring wheat.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1624-1629. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1624
The barley 0601 is a spontaneous albino-lemma mutant from beer barley cultivar Supi3. Genetic control of albino-lemma trait in the mutant 0601 and, the agronomic traits (thousand kernel weight, kernel plumpness), physiological traits (chlorophyll content, proanthocyanidin content) and major malt qualities (diastatic power, malt extract, Kolbach index) were investigated. The results showed that the albino-lemma trait is controlled by one recessive gene, and there were significant differences between the mutant and its wild-type in thousand kernel weight, kernel plumpness, chlorophyll content, diastatic power, and the malt extract, whereas no significant difference in proanthocyanidin content was found. These results provide the basis on mapping and cloning the albino-lemma gene and also provide good material for genetic research.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1630-1635. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1630
Strawberry plants are frequently infected by Strawberry Mottle Virus(SMoV)、Strawberry Vein Banding Virus(SVBV)、Strawberry Crinkle Virus(SCV) and Strawberry Mild Yellow Edge Virus(SMYEV),and sometimes complexly infected in China. Four pairs of specific primers were designed according to the partial coat protein gene sequences of the four viruses.A method of detecting SMoV、SVBV、SCV and SMYEV by multiplex RT-PCR was established through progressively adjusting and optimizing the RT-PCR conditions. The expected fragments of 278 bp(SVBV)、394 bp(SMoV)、731 bp(SCV) and 861 bp(SMYEV) were successfully amplified by the multiplex RT-PCR system. The results verified that this system was useful for simultaneous detection of these four viruses from microplant obtained by the stem tip culture and leave regeneration.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1636-1643. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1636
The cotyledon of processing tomato Hongfan3 was used as explants to establish a regeneration system for genetic transformation with different choices of seedling age, hormone composition and media. The results showed the best seedling-age were 8~10 days. MS was used as basic medium, and different concentrations of IAA(0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20mg·L-1)combined with different concentrations of 6-BA(1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5mg·L-1)/ZT (0.1,0.5,1.5,2.0mg·L-1mg/L) on bud induction. It showed that the best callus initiation and adventitious bud differentiation medium was MS+ZT 0.5mg·L-1+IAA 0.1mg·L-1+Phytagel 2g·L-1. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS+IAA 0.1mg·L-1.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1644-1651. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1644
Understanding the mechanism of Bacillus licheniformis resistance to cadmium will provide a theoretical basis for the application of the bacteria to cadmium pollution control. The effects of initial Cd2+ concentration, bioaccumulation time, ventilation and inoculation amount on bioaccumulation ability of B. licheniformis were discussed. The mechanism of cadmium bioaccumulation by stain B. licheniformis was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and atomic force microscope (AFM). It showed that bioaccumulation could reach a balance when the adsorption time and inoculation amount were 24 h and 6%, respectively. When the inoculation amount of the bacteria increased, the bioaccumulation rate was accelerated. Addition of 40mL to 50mL of liquid medium in 100mL bacterial culture flask could be the best choice; the domesticated bacteria can resist and accumulate Cd2+ in the initial mass concentration of 50~500mg·L-1. The results indicated that much granular cadmium was precipitated on the cell wall and intracellular of bacteria based on the possible functional groups such as-OH,-CO-,-CO-NH-, and-PO43-. Heavy metal Cd2+ had changed the bacterial protein space conformation. All the results show some preliminary data for B. licheniformis resistance to cadmium and biosorption mechanism involving the function groups, secretion and enrichment of Cd2+ on the bacterial surface and its transporting into bacteria.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1652
Genetically modified pigs are becoming more and more important for human medical research and daily life. In agriculture, genetically modified pig research has focused on important economic traits, such as the growth rate, meat quality, disease/stress resistance and feed efficiency. Although genetic modifications have not yet made real contributions to improve pig breeding, thesemethods have surpassed traditional breeding methods with rapid development and impressive results in a short period. In biomedical research, pigs are anatomically and physiologically analogous to humans. Genetic manipulation of key genes in disease pathways provides disease model pigs which are much better models than mice models because they more closely represent human pathology mechanisms so they are more useful for treatment development and drug screening. Many believe that more functional genes and regulatory elements will be identified with the development of functional genomics research. Genetically modified pigs will then make even more contributions to human biomedicine and agriculture research.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1662-1669. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1662
Leaf architecture, which plays important role on determining grain yield potential in rice, was characterized as leaf length, leaf width, leaf thinness, leaf area, leaf rolling and leaf erect ability. Recently, significant progress has been made in mapping and isolating leaf architecture related QTLs and genes by studies for segregating populations and mutants. This review, therefore, aims to summarize the progress on mapping and cloning genes related to leaf architecture, understanding of their function and trying to elucidate their association with grain yield. The molecular mechanism about formation of leaf rolling and erect ability was also discussed.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1670-1674. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1670
In this research, Perilla frutescens seeds were treated by the magnetic field of 83.5mT with different processing time. At the same time, the seed germination, seedling growth, root activity and POD activity of seedlings were investigated to provide the theoretical basis of exploring the mechanism of plant seeds with magnetic treatment. The results showed that when Perilla seeds were treated by the magnetic field for 1 to 5 hours, seed germination rate, germination energy, true leaves expansion rate, plant height, root length, root number and root activity increased at first, then decreased following with the different treatment time. Among them germination energy and true leaves expansion rate reached the significant level under 3 hours treatment, germination rate was the highest at 3 hours and reached 97.3%, and plant height, root length and root number also reached maximum at 3 hours. When the magnetic treatment time was 3 hours, the root activity reached 0.76TTF mg/root·h while the POD and nitrate reductase activity increased obviously after the magnetic treatment for 2 hours. From this research, it was tested that the magnetic treatment of 83.5mT for 3 hours was the optimum treatment time to stimulate Perilla frutescens seed vigor, promote seed germination and seedling growth.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1675-1680. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1675
Studied on the effects of preservation under the different treatments condition (Ozone treatment, the tin foils low releasing SO2 treatment and the ethylene sorbent treatment) of sweet cherry nearing the freezing point in this paper. To evaluate the effects of different treatments, the changes of hardness, Brix value, and the enzyme activity of the sweet cherry and filtration and decay rate of the cherry during the storage time are investigated. Results showed that the ethylene sorbent, which is made of activated carbon and acid potassium permanganate preparation, could prolong the storage time of sweet cherry to 63 days, and the decay rate was only 13.3%. Although the tin foils low releasing SO2 could maintain physiological activities of sweet cherry and make a good effect, but it could damage the color of the sweet cherry too where nearby the tin foil. Ozone treatment of sweet cherry sample had good preservation effects on the first 4 weeks. Homemade ethylene sorbent could be used in freezing temperature preservation of sweet cherry, and make a sense.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1681-1685. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1681
Seeds of 6 cultivars of Clivia miniata were irradiated under different irradation doses, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of 60Co-γ rays to investigate the effects on the germination characteristic and flowering traits. Results indicated that the seeds of Clivia miniata were sensitive to the irradiation of 60Co-γ rays and the germination characteristic could be affected by low dosage. The half lethal dosage of ‘Gefulan’ and ‘Foguang’ was 2-4 Gy, and 4-6Gy in other 4 cultivars, respectively. The higher dosages, the higher variation rate below 6 Gy. Significant impacts were observed on delaying flowering, reducing peduncle height and reducing inflorescence diameter by the irradiation treatment at each dosage. However, the number of floret was not obviously affected. In conclusion, 4Gy was considered the most favorable dosage afte treatment of 60Co-γ rays irradiation on the seeds of Clivia miniata, which was able to guarantee a high seed germination rate and a high variation rate, so as to screen new germplasm more effectively.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1686-1691. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1686
To achieve the rapid prediction of kanamycin contents in duck egg white and improve accuracy of prediction model, synchronous fluorescence spectrum of derivate of kanamycin and o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) under the condition of mercaptoethanol was obtained, and the prediction model of kanamycin contents in duck egg white was developed combined with wavelet transform and e-SVR. In the process, synchronous fluorescence spectrum from 290 nm to 380 nm was analyzed using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence method, and 110 nm was selected as the optimum wavelength difference for determination of kanamycin content in duck egg white. Secondly, fluorescence spectrum was analyzed using the db5 wavelet with five levels decomposition, the analysis showed that wavelet details signal of the fourth level could better solve problems that the synchronous fluorescence spectrum overlapping and the extraction of weak fluorescence signal of kanamycin, so the detail wavelet coefficient d4 was selected as the input characteristic vectors of detection model. Lastly, the e-SVR model was optimized from the two aspects of kernel functions and model parameters (c, g, p), and RBF was selected as kernel function. Furthermore, the performances of 4 models of PLS、PCR、MLR and e-SVR were compared. The best prediction results were obtained using the e-SVR model, and the correlation coefficient and the root mean squared error of prediction were 0.9922 and 1.1865, respectively. The experimental results showed that wavelet transform could extract effectively fluorescence characteristic information of kanamycin in duck egg white and improve the prediction accuracy of e-SVR model. The proposed method in the paper could satisfy the request of determination of kanamycin content in duck egg white.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1692-1696. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1692
The effects of storage temperature on quality (firmness, disease index, Vc content) and postharvest physiologies(POD activity, MDA content, SOD activity, relative conductivity) of chili fruits were studied. Results showed that during the storage, the MDA content, relative conductivity and disease index of chili fruits increased with the process of storage time, however, the activities of SOD and POD, fruit firmness and Vc content declined. Different storage temperatures had different effects on quality, the changes in quality and postharvest physiology were the fastest for fruits stored at 25℃, it was followed by 12℃ and 4℃, quality and postharvest physiology changed slowly at 8℃. It was suggested that 8℃ was the most suitable temperature for storing chili fruits, it could maintain storage quality and delay senescence of chili fruits.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1697-1703. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1697
In order to obtain the optimum drying method to product Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips, the effects of 6 dryingmethods including hot air drying, vacuum microwave drying, hot air-vacuum microwave combination drying, hot air-explosion puffing combination drying, vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination drying and hot air-vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination drying on physico-chemical properties (color, shrinkage, hardness, crispness, vitamin C, polyphenol and micro-structure) of dried Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn were investigated. The results showed that hot air drying had little effect on the color of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips, but the hardness and crispness were the worst, vitamin C and polyphenols were damaged gravely; vacuum microwave-dried lotus root chips had the highest retention of vitamin C and polyphenols, crispness was moderate, but its hardness, crimp, ΔE and browning degree were not preferable; Compared with single dried-products, the qualities of the four kinds of combination-dried lotus root chips were improved. And shrinkage and browning degrees of hot air-vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination-dried lotus root chips were significantly lower than vacuum microwave-dried products; vitamin C and polyphenols retention of this drying method had an obvious advantage over hot air drying; hardness and crispness of crisp were moderate and organizational structures were porous. Overall, hot air-vacuum microwave-explosion puffing combination drying method was the most suitable way for processing Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn chips among all the six drying methods.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1704-1708. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1704
In this work, the effects of ethanol volume percentage, extraction time and extraction temperature on the change of EPS content during the extraction of exopolysaccharides from Grifola frondosa were explored through single-factor and orthogonal array experiments on the basis of EPS content. The optimal extraction conditions for EPS were optimized to be extracted at 4℃ following extraction for 10 h in ethanol with a volume percentage adjusted to 95%, in which the extraction content of EPS from Grifola frondosa reached to 321.94mg·L-1, and the extraction rate increased by 57.79% comprised with the unoptimized group.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1709-1716. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1709
To obtain the optimum pressurized liquid extraction technology of flavones from Crataegus Prinnatifide bge, the single-factor extraction tests and orthogonal experiment were employed to optimize the technological conditions,including extraction temperature, extraction time,times of circulation and concentration of ethanol.The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature of 80℃,extraction time of 3min,circulation of 3 times and solvent of 50% ethanol.Under the conditions,the highest extraction rate of flavones from Crataegus Prinnatifide bge was 4.99%.The relative standard deviation was 1.01%. The reproduction rate was high.The pressurized liquid extraction can extract more flavones from Crataegus pinnatifida Bge in shorter time with less solvent.It also shows a promising prospect for leaching the effective constituents from natural products by using pressurized liquid extraction.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1717-1723. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1717
A colorimetric method was used to determine the total sugar content of wine samples hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid, according to a principle that 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) can be reduced to red-brown amino-compounds by heating with reducing sugars. Factors affecting the determination were studied, such as conditions of acid hydrolysis, the reaction conditions of DNS method and the effects of wine components. The optimized conditions of hydrolysis were obtained by adding 6.5mL HCl (concentrated HCl diluted 1:1 with water) to samples at 70℃ for 16min in water bath. And the reaction conditions were: wavelength (540 nm), chromogenic reagent (2mL), stability time (within 30min), linear range (0.1 ~ 2.0g·L-1), pH of samples (7.0 ~ 13.0). The above results showed that the DNS method developed in this study is easy to be operated with little interference, and of good precision (RSD<2.0%), repeatability (RSD<2.0%), and high recovery (>98%). Thus it is appropriate to be used as a method to determine total sugar content of wine samples.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1724-1728. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1724
The process and research development on the chemical constituent,extraction methods and medicinal functions of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum flavor component in recent years had been described in this paper. Meanwhile, the status quo and prospects about the Zanthoxylum bungeanum and its flavor component was introduced.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1729-1734. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1729
In this paper, the flue-cured tobacco K326 was employed to study the abundance of carbon isotope composition, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble protein content and leaf mass per area (LMA) of tobacco leaf which were grown at four testing sites of different altitude (T1,T2,T3,T4). The correlations of carbon isotope composition with altitude, leaf position and physiological measures were understood as well.Results showed that δ13C of those samples varied from-27.4‰ to-23.4‰. The δ13C of samples from T1, T2and T3 were increased with rising of the leaf position. δ13C of middle and upper leaves from T1, T2and T3 were positively correlated with altitude. However, δ13C of samples from T4 ranging from-26.8‰ to-26.4 ‰ was lower than the values from previous samples. The δ13C also decreased with the increasing of leaf position, and was significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content and chlorophyll/carotinoid ratio (P<0.05). The δ13C was not significantly correlated with carotinoid content and chlorophyll a/b ratio. Meanwhile, it was positively correlated with soluble protein content and LMA significantly (P<0.01). Generally, our findings indicated that chlorophyll content, chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio, soluble protein content, and LMA had strong relationships with δ13C, whereas the relationship of δ13C with altitude and leaf position was still unclear.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1735-1741. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1735
A xantha rice mutant and its wild type parent were used as materials to study the changes of some physiological characteristics during mutant flag leaves aging process. The results showed: during the 5th to 25th days after flowering, compared with its wild type parent, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the content of glutathione (GSH) and soluble protein in the mutant flag leaves decreased slower; while ascorbic acid (ASA) and total ascorbic acid (total ASA) increased faster; the activities of enzymatic defense system protective enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome oxidase (COX) and ascorbate peroxidase (ASPX) in mutant flag leaves have less change and they were relatively stable; they also have stronger ability to clear the active oxygen free radicals which generated in the aging process. Therefore, compared to its wild type parent, xantha rice mutant appeared an obvious features of delaying senescence.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1742-1748. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1742
The purpose of this experiment was to discover regulation mechanism for key protein expression. The varieties of ‘Jidan 198’, ‘Xingken 3’ and ‘Jinyu 5’ were used to analyze the leaf total protein of maize seedlings based on 2-DE. Results showed that 232 up-regulated protein spots, 156 down-regulated protein spots, 28 new adding protein spots and 3 protein spots disappeared under low-temperature stress. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis showed that 8 unknown proteins, 7 assuming proteins and 27 functional proteins were detected. These proteins were relevant to some physiology procedures, such as defense reaction, energy metabolism, photosynthesis, protein degradation, ribosome formation, signal conduction, cell movement and nitrogen metabolism, which were beneficial for the metabolism balance of maize seedling under low temperature stress.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1749-1755. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1749
In order to investigate effects of triadimefon on soybean drought resistance, a pot experiment was conducted using soybean variety of Nannong99-6 (Glycine max var.) to study the effects of triadimefon on antioxidant system, endogenous hormones, photosynthetic characteristic and yield under drought stress. Results showed that the photosynthesis and yield were inhibited under drought stress. Under drought conditions, the contents of POD, SOD activity and GSH were increased but AsA content was decreased by triadimefon. Meanwhile, H2O2, MDA contents, the production rate of O2- and the value of EL in soybean under drought conditions significantly decreased by triadimefon. The contents of Pn, Ci, Gs, Tr and IAA in drought stressed plant significantly declined, while GA and ABA contents decreased by triadimefon. However, under normal watering condition, H2O2, MDA contents, the production rate of O2- and the value of EL were not significantly affected by triadimefon, and photosynthesis parameters were decreased by triadimefon. As a result, pod number, grain number, seed size and yield per plant under drought stress were significantly improved by triadimefon.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1756-1761. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1756
The compositions and inhibitory effects on free radicals and lipid peroxidation of oil from ungerminated and germinated oat were analyzed by GC/MS and different antioxidant systems. The results showed that the oil obtained from ungerminated and germinated oat could both effectively scavenge DPPH,·OH, O2-· and inhibit the lipid peroxidation in liver. The antioxidant activities of oil from germinated oat were better than those from ungerminated. In addition, the oil from oat after germinating for 5 days showed the strongest antioxidant effects. GC/MS analysis indicated that unsaturated fatty acids were the major ingredient of fatty acid with the content higher than 80% in the ungerminated and germinated oat oil. The content of phenols increased during the germination process. These findings provide the evidence for the development and application of germinated oats.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1762-1770. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1762
A rhizobox experiment was empolyed to study root biomass, phosphorus (P) accumulation of two different P efficiency and P fraction on alluvial soil (available P, 17.79mg·kg-1) under P levels of 0, 25, and 50mg·kg-1). Xiaoyan 54 (P-efficient) and Jing 411 (P-inefficient) were selected in the experiment. Application of P fertilizer could increase P accumulation of two kinds of wheat and biomass of Jing411. The highest biomass of Xiaoyan54 was obtained by P25. Under soil treatments of non-P and 25 mg P·kg -1, the biomass and P accumulation of Xiaoyan54 was higher than Jing411. The root biomass of Xiaoyan 54 has 87% and 56% higher respectively than Jing 411, and the total P accumulation were 40.2% and 39.7% higher at P0 and P25. The contents of different forms of inorganic phosphorus on alluvial soil followed the order of Ca10-P > Ca8-P > Al-P > Ca2-P > Fe-P. The two kinds of wheat mainly used Ca2-P, Fe-P and Ca8-P of rhizosphere. Organic phosphorus contents was moderate labile organic P > high stable organic P > moderately stable organic P> active organic P. No significant differences were found between Xiaoyan54 and Jing411 under the five forms of inorganic phosphorus, so does the active organic phosphorus, moderately stable organic phosphorus and high stable organic P. The uptake of moderate labile organic P of Xiaoyan54 under no P application was higher than Jing411, which was opposite to 50mg P·kg-1 soil treatment. P fertilizer applied properly was benefit to improvement of biomass and P accumulation of wheat. The two genotypes of wheat mainly used Ca2-P, Fe-P and Ca8-P. Xiaoyan54 had better ability of uptaking moderate labile organic P than Jing411 of rhizosphere. Two kinds of wheat in different P efficiency do not express significant difference in high P alluvial soil.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1771-1776. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1771
Field experiments were carried out to study effects of mild and moderate salt stress on the biomass and physicological characteristics of different varieties of Helianthus tuberosus (‘Laiyu’, ‘Nanyu1’, and ‘Anhui’) in Yellow River Delta. Results showed that biomass accumulation of Laiyu was the largest under conditions of both mild and moderate salt stress. Moderate salt stress reduced the contents of leaf chlorophyll and protein of all varieties of Helianthus tuberosus, and Nanyu 1 was higher than others in the content of leaf chlorophyll under moderate salt stress. The POD activity of Nanyu 1 was more active than others under both mild and moderate salt stress. Moderate salt stress increased the content of MDA and proline, and the contents of Laiyu and Nanyu 1 in the growth periods increased all the time, and reached the maximum in mature period. The yield and inulin content of Laiyu tubers were the highest under mild salt stress, while the yield and inulin content of Nanyu1 tubers were higher than others under moderate salt stress.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1777-1782. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1777
The seeds of two alfalfa varieties (Medicago sativa L. cv. Emperor and Medicago sativa L. cv. Debay) pretreated with NO-donor SNP were used to study the physiological effects of exogenous nitric oxide on germination of alfalfa seeds under water-stress. The results showed that germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, embryonic bud length and seeding dry weight of the 2 alfalfa varieties decreased with increasing water stress, while increased with applying exogenous NO. It could be concluded that exogenous NO mitigated inhibition of water stress on germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, embryonic bud length and seeding dry weight of alfalfa, and activated the physiological processes of the seeds germinating.
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J4. 2013, 27(11): 1783-1789. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.11.1783
CO2is the imperative material of photosynthesis, and the elevated CO2i ncreased crop yields to a certain extent. In this study, ways to control and simulate CO2 concentration were thoroughly introduced, effects of the elevated CO2 on the crop yields and quality were presented in detail and the interaction effects of CO2 fertilization, water and nutrient were discussed. This review analyzed that the elevated CO2 increased crop yields, but it decreased crop quality in the favourable condition. Only few indicators of crop quality increased. Compared with chamber, the degree of increase of crop yields fell in the field production practice. Water, nutrient, soil and crop varieties were the most essential limiting factors of CO2 fertilization effect. CO2 fertilization increased with increasing of the nitrogen application within a certain range. However, if the amount of nitrogen application crossed a particular threshold, CO2 fertilization decreased. Thus, there might be an optimal proportion between nitrogen application and CO2 fertilization effect. It was much more beneficial for the CO2 fertilization effect under low moisture environment. The elevated CO2 increased water use efficiency and partly reduced the deleterious effects of water stress on crops.
