31 July 2013, Volume 27 Issue 7
    

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    INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR PLANT BREEDING·AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
  • SU Shun-zong, WU Feng-kai, LIU Dan, WU Ling, GAO Shi-bin
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 885-894. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0885
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    To provide usefully theoretical information for improvement of phosphorus utilization, a high-affinity PHT gene from low-P tolerant maize inbred line 178 was isolated in this study. The PHT families of maize at whole genome-wide level were predicted based on the gene sequences of PHT orthologs in rice and Arabidopsis using bioinformatics approaches, and their phylogenetic relationship was also been analyzed based on amino acid sequence. The methods of clone, quantitative real-time PCR and subcellular localization were performed for further research of PHT family member. A total of 37 maize PHT genes were predicted from whole genome sequences of maize inbred line B73, which can be classed into five groups based on their characters of functional domains. A complete cDNA of ZmPht1;9, belongs to Pht1 family and encodes 539 putative amino acids with the complete coding region of 1 620bp in length, was further cloned from 178’s cDNA template. The protein of ZmPht1;9 contains 12 transmembrane domains and has a typical MFS conservation structure domain, which shows highly conserved within plants. The relative expression levels of ZmPht1;9 detected by quantitative real-time PCR exhibited up-regulation under low phosphorus stress and was higher in the leaves than in the roots, and expression patterns were shown differently between two extreme maize lines with distinct tolerance to phosphorus deficiency. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the ZmPht1;9 was expressed in cytoplasm membrane via protoplast-mediated. The results suggested that ZmPht1;9 was a high-affinity PHT gene and was possibly involved in maintaining phosphate dynamic homeostasis under phosphate deficiency.

  • LIN Hai-jian, LIU Chang-lin, SHEN Ya-ou, LAN-Hai, PAN Guang-tang, ZHANG Zhi-ming
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 895-903. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0895
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    Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) is one of the most serious disease around the world, and it is also a disaster disease in southwest of China because of high temperature and humidity, which cause great loss to corn yield and quality. A set of 339 maize recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross R15(resistance) by ye478(susceptible) were planted, and the lesion height and ear height were evaluated at the following four enviroments, 2008 in Yaan, 2009 in Yaan, Mianyang and Chongqing of China. The data came from twice investigations which the first one was carried out at the fifteenth day after inoculation through wheat seeds in the fore four environments, and the second investigation at the fortieth day only in the later two environments. A genetic linkage map comprising 133 SSR markers were constructed through the software MAPMAKER version 3.0b based on the recombination, it covered 1658 cM on the 10 maize chromosomes, the average distance between two near markers were 12.56 cM. Compared with the SSR bin map, all markers on 10 chromosomes were arranged in the same order. Using the composite interval mapping method, 7 QTLs related to resistance to BLSB were detected based on lesion height, they were distributed on chromosome 6, 8, 9, and 10, the average value of additive effects and contributions to phenotypic variances were 1.61% and 4.52% respectively; Based on disease index, 11 QTLs relevant to BLSB resistance were mapped on chromosome 2, 4, 5, 8 and 9 through the same method, the range of additive effects and contributions to phenotypic variances were 0.0165~0.0545 and 2.81%~7.29% respectively. Especially, based both on lesion height and disease index, the two intervals bnlg1583-dupssr06 and bnlg1714-umc2343 were identified with resistant QTLs, and this were consistent with the previous results of our team, these intervals may point to potential targets for marker aided selection and fine mapping in maize.

  • LIU Hai-li, DING Yan-fei, PAN Jia-rong, JIANG Qiong, WANG Guang-yue, ZHU Cheng
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 904-912. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0904
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    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs with the length of 21-27 nucleotides in eukaryote organisms. Plant miRNAs, as negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, have important roles in developmental processes. The target genes of miRNAs are usually the transcription factors involved in plant development and signal transduction pathways, implying that miRNAs are essential components in gene regulatory network. This review focuses on the crucial regulatory roles of miRNAs in plant growth and development, and highlights the principal function structures of these miRNAs. It also covers the long-distance transport of miRNAs.

  • WANG Lin-you, ZHANG Li-xia, GOU Xiao-xia, QI Yong-bin, JIN Qing-sheng, WANG Jian-jun
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 913-921. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0913
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    It is greatly significant to identify indica or japonica accurately and efficiently for exploring the heterosis of indica-japonica inter-subspecies in rice breeding. In this paper, forty eight rice varieties including indica, japonica and intermediate type which commonly used in rice breeding were analyzed by 19 pairs of insertion/deletions(InDel) molecular markers, which were designed on the base of the comparative genomic DNA sequences between indica variety 9311 and japonica variety Nipponbare. Indica-japonica attribute of each rice variety was identified by calculating indica and japonica gene frequencies at the 19 InDel sites of each DNA sample, together with cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Compared with the results of the Cheng's index method the effectiveness of using InDel molecular markers to identify indica japonica in rice was verified. Results showed that the coincidence rate between InDel molecular marker method and traditional Cheng's index method is 89.58% in identifying indica or japonica for all the tested materials, and 100% for the typical indica or japonica varieties. It hinted that InDel molecular marker method is more accurate than Cheng's index method for the intermediate type materials with complicated genetic background. The results indicated that the InDel molecular marker method has higher resolution and accuracy compared with the traditional one, and the new method can be completely used to identify indica-japonica and genetic differentiation research in rice.

  • CHEN Xiao-yun, WANG Xiao-fu, LIU Ren-hu, ZHANG Xiao-ming, ZHOU Yu, MIAO Qing-mei, XU Jun-feng
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 922-928. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0922
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    To study the effect of arbitrary degenerate primers of TAIL-PCR on the flanking sequence isolation, eight independent transgenic soybean lines, 30 independent transgenic rice lines and two independent transgenic rapeseed lines were selected for TAIL PCR analysis with the 5 broadly used arbitrary degenerate primers AD1 to AD5. The results indicated that different amplification effects existed among the 5 degenerate primers in TAIL-PCR. Even in using the same degenerate primer, amplification effects were significantly different for different crops. AD1 amplified better in transgenic rice and rapeseed than what it did in transgenic soybean. AD2 generated good amplification effects in all the three crops. AD3 worked well only in one line of transgenic rice, and one line of transgenic rapeseed. However, the AD3 primer has one anchor point in upstream of pFGC5941 T-DNA RB, so it is not suitable for TAIL PCR analysis of pFGC5941 transformed crops. AD4 and AD5 arbitrary degenerate primers didn’t generate ideal amplification result in all the three crops. The TAIL-PCR’s products of AD1 and AD2 were sequenced and analyzed by the software DNAMAN. The results indicated that all the products contained the flanking sequences of the transgenic material. This research discovered that different arbitrary primers are suitable for different crops. AD1 and AD2 works better than other primers in all the three crops. The amplification effects depend on the species analyzed, the flanking sequences of T-DNA inserted, and the primer matching points on the vectors. In order to successfully isolate the T-DNA flanking sequences, we suggest multiple arbitrary primers be used in parallel amplification.

  • ZHANG Zhen-chao, GENG Xin-xin, DAI Zhong-liang, PAN Yue-ping, WANG Bing, XU Ling, YAN Zhi-ming, ZHOU Wei-jun
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 929-937. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0929
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    The factors that affect microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration of 19 cultivars of Brassica plants (cabbage, broccoli and kale) were investigated in the present experiment. The results indicated that the genotype affected not only the frequency of microspore embryogenesis, but also the quality of embryos induced. Cold temperature treatment at 4℃ for 0~2 d combining with heat shock treatment at 32.5℃ for 1 d could improve embryogenesis efficiency significantly. Culturing embryos in NLN-13 liquid medium for approximately 25 d was best for embryo germination. Addition of 1%-1.2% concentration of agar to the B5 solid differentiation medium could significantly improve microspore-derived embryo germination and plantlet regeneration. Moreover, the method that first identified the ploidy level of regenerated plantlets at early growth with flow cytometry, then soaked roots of haploids for 20 h with 200mg·L-1 colchicine solution, and finally identified with flow cytometry, could obtain doubled haploid plants quickly and efficiently.

  • ZHOU Ling-yan, NI Er-dong, ZHU Li-ya, LIANG Hong, ZHUANG Chu-xiong
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 938-945. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0938
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    In this study, the promoter of wax biosynthesis related gene OsGL1-5 in rice was analyzed via bioinformatics, and the temporal and spatial expression of OsGL1-5 was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization using the different tissues and developmental stage panicles as materials. In addition, the expression of OsGL1-5 was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR when the seedlings were treated with stresses, including 200mmol·L-1 NaCl, 100μmol·L-1 ABA and 1.0% H2O2. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the promoter of OsGL1-5 (about 2 kb upstream of OsGL1-5) was predicted to contain important regulatory elements including drought, high salt, coldness, ABA, light regulation, copper, and oxygen responsive elements. The analysis of OsGL1-5 expression profiles revealed that OsGL1-5 was expressed highly in panicles at different developmental stages and specifically expressed in the trichomes of glume and the tapetum of anther, low expression of OsGL1-5 was also detected in the leaves, however, its expression was not detected in the stems and roots. The analysis of OsGL1-5 in response to stresses showed that the expression of OsGL1-5 was increased at different time when the seedlings were treated with NaCl, ABA and H2O2.

  • FOOD IRRADIATION·FOOD SCIENCE
  • MA Fei, ZOU Zhao-hui, LI Shu-rong, WANG Zhi-dong, ZHOU Si-jing, GAO Mei-xu, YI Jian-yong, ZHOU Lin-yan
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 946-951. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0946
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    The Chitosan samples irradiated by electron beam were analyzed using size exclusion chromatography-18 angle laser light scattering instrument, the environmental scanning electron microscope, FTIR spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that, with the increasinge of irradiation dose, chitosan’s molecular weight reduced and particles size gradually decreased. In the range of 5 to 300kGy, electron beam irradiation has less effect on structure, deacetylation degree and crystallinity of chitosan.

  • CHEN Qi-yong, WU Ruo-xin, LIU Yang, GE Han-guang
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 952-956. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0952
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    This paper is to explore the technological feasibility in degradation of pesticides in ginseng oral liquid under the irradiation of electron beam. Sixteen residual concentration-restricted pesticides in ginseng oral liquid were experimented under the dose of 0~15kGy. Results showed that, when the dose of the irradiation of electron beam increased, the degradation rates of all the pesticides enhanced, and the electron beam radiation showed the most remarkable effect on the degradation of pesticides such as imidacloprid and fenpropathrinwith degradation rates of more than 90% and 50%, respectively. The degradation rates of fonofos, methidathion, diazinon, phosalone and carbaryl were all higher than 30%. No significant degradation was observed in the other 9 pesticides under the same condition.

  • YANG Dong-feng, YIN Shu-xin, JIANG Li, GAO Shu-ren
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 957-961. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0957
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    In order to realize rapid nondestructive recognition of maize vigor, a maize vigor intelligent detection model was put forward by combining NIR and BP neural network. At first, test samples were aged into 3 grades by artificial aging, and near infrared spectroscopy of which was collected. Savitzky-Golay and MSC were used respectively and together to filter noise and wipe off singular spectrum. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were respectively used to extract spectral features which act as the input of BP neural network and 6 models were constructed according to preprocessing and feature extraction. The results showed the model which (S-G)+MSC preprocessing was combined with PCA feature extraction was the best: its accuracy rate was 95.0% and its average identification time is 26.25ms. This investigation provides the theoretical support and practical method for rapid nondestructive recognition of maize vigor.

  • CHEN Qiong-ling, LIU Hong-zhi, LIU Li, He Xuan-hui, WANG Qiang
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 962-967. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0962
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    Based on the studies of resveratrol nanoliposomes, this article summarized preparation methods of resveratrol nanoliposomes and analyzed its bioactivities such as promoting absorption in small intestine, enhancing antioxidation and anti-radiation, targeting and controlled-releasing. In addition, the scientific problems in the research and the key issues of resveratrol nanoliposomes were proposed.

  • LI Gui-ying, YUE Mei-qi, YE Kai, NIE Yuan-dong, DUN Bao-qing, LIU Yang, ZHAO Wei-hua
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 968-974. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0968
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    Sweet sorghum has been regarded as an important energy crop for bioethanol production. It is of significance for sweet sorghum breeder or producer to understand the relationship between brix value and fermentable sugar content. Using 81 sweet sorghum accessions as experimental materials, planting in 3 different locations, the relationship between brix value and contents of total fermentable sugar and sucrose was studied. The results showed that the average ratios of total sugar content to brix (TS/Bx) were respectively 0.76, 0.74 and 0.72 in Beijing, Hebei and Tianjin experimental sites. The brix value was significantly related with total fermentable sugar content in all locations, with the coefficients, 0.8911, 0.8376 and 0.9186. Those correlation coefficients in Beijing and Hebei were not significant, so they could be integrated into one regression equation, Y=0.8969X-1.7576 (R2=0.8237). The correlation coefficient in Tianjin was significantly different from that in Hebei, and significantly lower in TS/BX, so the regression equation in Tianjin cloud only used in saline-alkaline area, Y=0.9343X-3.1726 (R2=0.7015).

  • GU Sai-qi, WANG Xi-chang, TAO Ning-ping, ZHANG Jing-jing, WU Na
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 975-987. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0975
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    HS-SPME-GC-MS (headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) technology was applied in this study to identify the aroma compounds from abdomen, claw, leg meat and spawn of male Eriocheir sinensis cultured in Chongming region. A total of 58 volatiles, which can be divided into 8 classes, were identified in four edible parts and further quantitated based on internal standard analysis. Odor activity values (OAVs) of all 58 aroma compounds were calculated due to their thresholds. Fifteen key aroma-active compounds, such as decanal, were selected from all compounds and their OAVs were analyzed by both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) methods. PCA result showed that the aroma-quality of spawn sample was better than others. 8 aroma-active compounds including pentanal were determined as the characteristic compounds that contributed a lot to "better aroma-quality", among which 2,4-heptadienal played the most important role. CA result showed that the aroma profile of spawn could be classified as one cluster, so did the 8 aroma-active compounds including pentanal. The consistent results of PCA and CA analysis manifested that these two methods would support each other and be applied to establish a model for evaluating aroma-quality of Eriocheir sinensis in the future.

  • ZHANG Zhi-qing, SONG Yan, LIU Xiang
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 988-995. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0988
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    In this paper, salt extraction was employed and optimized to extract protein from prickly ash seed. Based on single-factor tests and the Central-Composite experimental design principle, the method of response surface methodology was applied to study the effects of NaCl concentration, extraction time, extraction temperature, the solid-liquid ratio, and pH value on the extraction yield of protein. The results showed that the response surface methodology was reliable, and the optimal extraction conditions were 0.79 mol L-1 of NaCl concentration, 60min of extraction time, at 35℃, 1:17.5 of the solid-liquid ratio, and pH volue 8.78. Under this optimum process conditions, the extraction efficiency of prickly ash seed protein was 18.92%.

  • PU Biao, YUE Jin-mei, CHEN An-jun, LIU Xing-yan
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 996-1002. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.0996
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    To optimize the extraction process of Truffles polysaccharides, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted. Based on the single factor experiment the mathematical regression model was established about the dependent variable (extraction yield of Truffles polysaccharides and polysaccharides content) and independent variables (ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic temperature and liquid-solid ratio). The factors influencing the process parameters were determined by regression analysis, and the results showed that the optimum conditions for the extraction were as follows: ultrasonic power was 140W, ultrasonic time was 36min, ultrasonic temperature was 50℃ and liquid-solid ratio was 40:1.The predictive maximum yield of polysaccharides extraction was 18.42% and the polysaccharides content was 74.70%, under the optimized process conditions, the actual extraction was 18.15% and the relative error was 1.47%, the actual content was 73.89% and the relative error was 1.08%.

  • JIN Miao, ZHOU Yi, XU Yi-ji, TANG Jian-bo, YANG Wen-ge, ZHANG Jin-jie
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1003-1011. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1003
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    The effect of extraction and gel preparation conditions of salt-soluble protein from Dosidicus gigas on its gel characteristics were discussed. Using respond surface methodology, the effects of KCl concentration, pH and low-temperature heating time on the water holding capacity(WHC)and texture characteristics of salt-soluble protein gel from squid meat were studied. Result: (1) The effect of KCl concentration on the WHC of gel was extremely significant;the effect of KCl concentration and low-temperature heating time on the hardness of gel was significant; both the effect of pH on the WHC and low-temperature heating time on the stickiness of gel were significant. (2) Response surface and contour were graphed with the WHC, hardness and stickiness of gel as the response value, the optimal extraction and gel preparation conditions of salt-soluble proteins from Dosidicus gigas muscle were 0.16mol·L-1 KCl, pH7.10 and 55min of low-temperature heating time, respectively. Experimentally, these conditions produced a salt-soluble protein gel with a WHC of 88.00%, hardness of 510.00 g, stickiness of -11.00 g, confirming the model prediction.

  • ISOTOPE TRACER TECHNIQUE·ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT·PHYSIOLOGY
  • ZHAN Xiao-ying, HOU Yan-yan, ZHANG Shu-xiang
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1012-1019. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1012
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    To explore the genetic resources of crops is a feasible way to utilize the less bioavailable phosphorus (P) in soils, and to cope with shortage of rock phosphate. A sandy culture experiment with two treatments of phosphorus (P) fertilizers as organic (Na-Phytate), inorganic (FePO4) and their mixture, was conducted to study the difference between two wheat genotypes (cv. Xiaoyan54 and Jing411) in their root morphological, proton, acid phosphatase secretion and the relationship to biomass and P accumulation. After applied with FePO4, aboveground biomass of thetwo wheat varieties were lower than the non-phosphorus treatment. The P-efficient wheat Xiaoyan54 expressed responsed with elongation of root length and reduction of rhizosphere pH, protons flow, root biomass and root-cap ratio compared with P-inefficient Jing411. When applied with FePO4, the root biomass of Xiaoyan54 only accounts for 83% of Jing411. Xiaoyan54 could accumulate more P than Jing411 under the treatment of Na-Phytate (Na-Phytate) through extension of root length, and increasing of root tip numbers and acid phosphatase secretion of per weigh root. The two genotypes of wheat had higher P efficiency at the seedling stage (40 days) under Na-Phytate treatments rather than FePO4. The data showed that biomass and P accumulation of Xiaoyan54 on Na-Phytate accounts for 148% and 336% under FePO4 treatment, and the biomass and P accumulation of Jing411 treated with Na-Phytate accounts for 146% and 391% under FePO4treatment. There were no significant changes of biomass and P accumulation between the combined application of Na-Phytate with FePO4and the single application of Na-Phytate. All the findings suggested that mechanism of P utilization differed between the two wheat genotypes.

  • CHEN Yuan-xue, LI Long, TANG Li, ZHENG Yi, LI Yong-jie, ZHANG Chao-chun, ZHANG Fu-suo
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1020-1028. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1020
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    The wheat/fababean intercropping system is widespread in Yun’nan province, and strip rust is the main disease for wheat. In order to assess wheat nitrogen nutrition and strip rust occurrence, two field experiments were conducted simultaneously at Yuxi and Luliang spots in Yan’nan Province. Three nitrogen (N) level namely 0, 150 and 300kg·hm-2(marked as N0、N150、N300)were set for wheat as experimental treatments in three cropping patterns as wheat monoculture (Wm), wheat/fababean intercropping (Wi) and wheat/fababean intercropping with plastic film separation between wheat and fababean roots (Wp), leaves N concentration (LNC) and strip rust disease index (SRDI) of wheat surveyed during the period of disease occurrence. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Not only for Wm, but also for Wp and Wi, LNC of wheat in N application treatments (N150, N300) increased significantly relative to no N addition (N0), while there was no significant difference between N150 and N300; Compositing Wm、Wp and Wi different cropping patterns LNC of wheat at two spots improved markedly with increasing N rates(P<0.0001), i.e. LNC of wheat in N150、N300 increased by 52.7%、74.1% compared with that of N0, respectively and that of N300 increased by 14.0% compared with N150.(2)Under the same N rate, only under N0 at Yuxi spot wheat LNC of Wp and Wi significantly increased(by 52.3%)compared with Wm, and there were no obvious difference among Wm、Wp、Wi under N150, N300 at Yuxi spot and under N0, N150, N300 at Luliang spot.(3)The effect of N addition on wheat strip rust were not alike between at Yuxi spot and at Luliang spot. At Yuxi spot N use actually promoted wheat SRDI, and there was a clear positive correlation between wheat LNC and SRDI. However, at Luliang spot, wheat SRDI under N150 and N300 decreased significantly compared with that under N0, but no substantial difference between N150 and N300; The best-fit regression curve indicated that wheat SRDI first significantly decreased and then had a rise trend with the increasing of wheat LNC.(4)Wheat SRDI of Wp and Wi decreased by 10.9% at the intermediate degree of the disease but only feebly decreased at the vigorous period compare to Wm. The total results demonstrate that under the current experimental condition whea/fababean intercrop could improve wheat N nutrition only when N deficiency and had certain control effect on wheat strip rust comparing to wheat monoculture, but there were no marked effect of roots interaction between wheat and fababean on wheat N nutrition and SRDI; N fertilizer utilization remarkably promoted wheat N nutrition. Wheat strip rust occurrence in wheat/fababean intercropping system was not only affected by N nutrition, may be also related with many factors such as characteristic of cultivars, planting patterns and environmental conditions.

  • Liu Shao-qin, Sun Jun-ling, He Shou-pu, Jia Yin-hua, Zhou Zhong-li, Du Xiongming
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1029-1040. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1029
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    Heat stress is one of serious environmental disasters andgreatly affect on crop yield,. The purpose of our study was to establish the technological system to evaluate thermotolerance by combining the performance in the field high temperature with the physiological, biochemical and phenotypic characters in the seedling stage of the different cotton germplasm. Firstly thermotolerance of ‘Nandanbadidahua’, ‘Changkangmian’, ‘Zaoshuchangrong’,and ‘Deltapine55’ were determined based on boll abscission rate and infertility seed rates, the seedling wilting rate treated by 48℃ for 8h, and pollen relative germination rate (40℃) in vitro. Then we measured superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), ascorbic acid (ASA), ascorbic acid peroxidase(APX), glutathione(GSH), glutathione reductase(GR), malondialdehyde(MDA), relative conductive and chlorophyll contents at different seedling developmental stage under different temperature for 8h. The significant difference were found in the ten indexes among the four germplasms. Initially we choiced ascorbic acid peroxidase, relative conductive, POD, MDA and CAT of three leaf stage treated by 40℃ as index,and then we verified the five indexes using fifteen germplasms. Finally we established a rapidly identification system which include APX, relative conductive, seedling wiltting rate treated by 40℃ at three leaf stage for cotton thermotolerance.

  • ZHONG Lei, QIAO Ya-ke, QIAO Xiao, LI Gui-lan, WANG Lin-hong, LIU Chen-guang
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1041-1047. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1041
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    A soybean high phosphorus-efficiency transcription factor gene GmPTF1 was transferred into Yudou 22 soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. c. v.) via Agrobacterium-mediated cotyledonary node transformation method to research the effect of GmPTF1 gene on improve soybean phosphorus use efficiency.The biological functions of GmPTF1 gene introduced into soybeans were analyzed by determining the expression quantity of GmPTF1, morphological, physiological and biochemical indexes of transgenic plants at seedling stage under the conditions of phosphorus stress. The results showed that the GmPTF1 expression of transgenic soybeans was significantly higher than the wild type control, of which the T1-32 and T1-40 were the highest one. The root length, root surface area, root volume, root dry weight, photosynthetic pigment content and phosphorus content in transgenic soybeans with elevated expression of GmPTF1 gene were significantly higher than that in the wild type control. But the content of MDA in transgenic soybeans was significantly lower than that in the wild type control. There was a significant positive correlation between plant phosphorus content and GmPTF1 expressed quantity (R=0.97**). All the results indicated that the capacity of P-deficiency tolerance of transgenic plants was better than the wild type control. The results may provide the basis for use of transgenic means to improve soy and other crops ability of resistance to low phosphorus.

  • CHAI Zhong-ping, WANG Xue-mei, JIANG Ping-an, SHENG Jian-dong, SHENG Li-chao
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1048-1053. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1048
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    In order to grasp the growth law of Korla fragrant pear and the response of soil nutrients N, P, K. Set different treatments of N, P, K, and monitor the growth and yield of 20 years Korla fragrant pear in growth period. The results showed that fertilization could promote tree growth and fruit development of Korla fragrant pear, and it could improve the yield and fruit shape index. Through the establishment and analysis of model, the effect of fertilizer to yield was in the order of N > K >P. The interaction effect of P and N, K and P were coordination, but K and N were not obvious effect.Taking the yield 27500~27800kg·hm-2 as optimal composite scheme, the quantity of N was 280~330kg·hm-2, the quantity of P was 250~300kg·hm-2, and the quantity of K was 50~60kg·hm-2.

  • HOU Wei, PAN Yuan-zhi
    J4. 2013, 27(7): 1054-1059. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2013.07.1054
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    In this paper, pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of simulated acid rain that included four different pH values (5.6, 4.5, 3.5, 2.5) on the membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence in of leaves Gazania Hybrids. The membrane permeability and MDA content increased significantly after acid rain stress and with an extremely significant correlation between them. The dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were showed a single-peak curve which was firstly increased and then decreased, and the maximum activity of SOD, CAT and POD were observed at pH4.5. Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll content, Chl a/b, the PS II photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the PS II potential activity (Fv/Fo), actual PS II photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSⅡ) and qP decreased accordingly with the decreasing of pH value, while qN increased. The study showed that G. Hybrids has strong resistance to acid rain stress and the visible damage threshold was less than pH 3.5.Therefore, G. Hybrids can be considered as one of the landscaping and vegetation constructing plants in the acid rain-hit areas.