20 February 2008, Volume 22 Issue 01
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0001
The relationship between leaf senescence and the activities of protective enzymes was studied through comparion of a xanthan rice mutant HuangyuB with its wild type parent Longtefu B.During 5～25 days after flowering,compared to the wild type the decreases in the contents of chlorophyll and protein,and increases in the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) were significantly slower in the mutant.The activities of three protective enzymes,superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT),were relatively stable in the mutant,indicating the stronger ability in removing free radicals and active oxygen in HuangyuB than the wild type.The criterion of rice senescence was also discussed.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 5-8. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0005
In order to identify cause of mutagenesis of plant seeds induced by space flight, especially to ascertain the interrelation between space radiation and mutagenesis,a "photograph location" experimental setup was designed in this study.CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors were used to detect space heavy particles.The plant seeds and their position hit by space heavy ions were checked based on relative position between track and seeds in the setup.The low LET part of the spectrum was also measured by thermoluminescence dosemeter(TLD,LiF).The results showed that the "photograph location" experimental method was convenient,practicable and economical.This new method also greatly saved time for microscopical analysis.On Shijian-8 satellite,the average ion flux of space heavy ions was 4.44 ions/cm~2·d and the average dosage of low LET space radiation to the plant seeds was 4.79 mGy.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0009
Cytological effects and RAPD analysis of root-tip cells of Allium fistulosum L., the dry seeds were irradiated by()~(12)C~(6+) heavy ions,were studied.Micronucleus and chromosomal aberration observed in the root-tip cells showed that obvious "linear rise" trend was in the frequency of micronucleus,multi-micronucleus and total chromosomal aberration.But a "U-formed" trend was observed only in the chromosomal aberration frequency.At the same time,RAPD analysis revealed()~(12)C~(6+) heavy ions exerted great effect on DNA variation of Allium fistulosum L..Flawing bands,increasing bands and the ones with different transport ratios were observed in amplified bands of 28 selected primers.The DNA variation rate for 30,90 and 180Gy treatments was 29.91%,41.05% and 22.14%,respectively.This study also found that high micronucleus frequency and chromosomal variation lead to high lethality,resulting in low DNA variation rate in the survived plants which seeds were irradiated with high doses.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 14-17. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0014
The()~(60)Co γ-irradiation on culture in vitro of Pogostemon cablin is studied to breed new variety.The explants used for()~(60)Co γ-irradiation were the leaf segments,nodular stem segments,stem segments and root tips from Pogostemon cablin.The media for culture in vitro were MT basal media containing 0.05mg/L BA.As irradiation dosage increased,the mortality of different explants from Pogostemon cablin increased.The irradiation dosage of LD50 for leaf segments,nodular stem segments and stem segments were 72,64 and 66Gy,respectively,which were deduced from the regression equation.As the irradiation dosage increased,the ability of the plant regeneration of the explants decreased.()~(60)Co γ-irradiation could make the explants damage or die.Irradiation could inhibit the regeneration of explants from Pogostemon cablin obviously.The changes in the appearance of the regenerated plants were also observed.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 18-22. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0018
Rhizome of Laiwu ginger were treated with γ-irradiation at the doses of 0,20, 40 and 60 Gy.The results showed that()~(60)Co γ-irradiation inhibited the rhizome burgeoning,and decreased the survival rate of the seedlings,rate of leaf-expansion and the growth of plants(VM_1).The inhibition effects became stronger with the increase of the irradiation dose.Different bands were found through the analysis of POD、EST isozymes and RAPD of VM_1 plants,which showed that variation on molecular level occurred in VM_1 plants.LD_(30～40) was appropriate for the irradiation of rhizomes of Laiwu ginger and the optimal irradiation dose was about 20～30 Gy.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 23-27. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0023
The rhizomes of Cymbidium goeringii were cut into tip,middle and basal segments with a length of about 1 cm,and the segments were irradiated with()~(60)Co γ-rays at doses of 0,5,10,20,30 and 50 Gy,respectively. The growth characters,the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase(G-POD),and peroxidase isozyme of the were measured.The results showed that the segments irradiated at the dose of 30 and 50 Gy could survive,but couldn't form new rhizomes and the growth was almost stagnated.With the increase of the doses,the SOD and CAT activities of the rhizome were increased first,then significantly decreased,but the reverse effect was observed in G-POD activities,which was decreased first,then increased.Combining both the effect results on the growth characters,on activity changes of peroxidase isozyme and the changes of the anti-oxidant enzymes after irradiation,it was concluded that the appropriate doses of()~(60)Co γ-rays irradiation for mutation breeding of Cymbidium goeringii should be in the rage of 20 to 30 Gy,and the optimal part of the rhizome seems to be the tip segment.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 28-31. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0028
The application of irradiated pollen assisting pollination,cross chemical assisting pollination and cut-style pollination in overcoming the cross barriers of lily 'cordelia'(♀)×Lilium dauricum were investigated.A number of fruits and plump seeds were produced by using the normal stigma pollination,which indicated that the cross was a compatible cross.The fact that the application of 1000Gy or 2000Gy irradiated pollen assisting pollination increased the fruitset and seedset obviously exhibited that this methods could overcome the cross barriers effectively.More hybrid seeds would have a positive effect on the future breeding selection.Application of cross chemical′s assisting pollination raised the fruitset and seedset to some extent.The cut-style pollination method deduced the fruitset and seedset,which suggested that the method was not suitable for bypassing the cross barriers.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 32-35. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0032
Five carbendazim resistance strains T21-1～T21-5 were induced by UV-light and selected from Trichoderma spp.,which could grow well in the medium, concentration Carbendazim below 2000mg/L.Through a testing of genetic stability of resistance and antagonism of Botrytis cinerea,an ideal resistant strain T21-4 was screened.with a Co-interaction.the combination of T21-4 agent and Carbendazim was used to control Botrytis cinerea of cucumber,the results showed that the control rote reaches 75.7%,78.9% and 79.5% by treatment of T21-4 and Carbendazim at the ratio of 9∶1,8∶2 and 7∶3,respectively.The control rate is only reaches 70.5% and 71.7%,respectively by applving T21-4 or Carbendazim alone. Adding little Carbendazim to Trichoderma T24 to control crops disease,not only reduceds the activity and infection ability of plant pathogens,but also improved the biocontrol efficiency.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 36-40+35. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0036
Several factors affecting Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transformation of strawberry were studied by using the transient expression of gus gene with introns as criteria.The results showed that:the explants of strawberry leaves were rather sensitive to kanamycin,and the corresponding concentration of 20 mg/L could substantially inhibit the growth of non-transformed tisse and be used to screen the leaves of strawberry after transformation.Timentin at the concentration of 300 mg/L could be used to eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens and had minor impact on the growth of the explants.The preculture time of 2-4 days was beneficial to improve transformation frequency.Co-culture for 2-3 days not only had higher gus transient expression but also avoid the over-growth of agrobacterium.The bacterial concentration of OD_(600nm) 0.4 was the best inoculum density and 10 minutes was the best inoculation time.The PCR analysis proved that the target gene gus was successfully integrated into the genome of strawberry.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 41-44+31. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0041
The rapid alkalinization factor(RALF) gene is one of polypeptide signals.In this study BcMF14p was cloned from Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.purpurea based on BcMF14 from B.campestris ssp.chinensis var.communis cv.Aijiaohuang.The sequence of this gene was 273bp(GenBank accession number EF523517),including a 222 bp ORF,colding 73 amino acids.It considered as RALF-like protein according to its high identity with B.oleracea var.botrytis BoRALF1 and Arabidopsis thaliana RALF-8 in nucleotide sequence(>86%).RT-PCR discovered that BcMF14p was expressed prominently in flower buds,flower and silique, but no expression in vegetative organs,this indicated that BcMF14p may be involved in the signal transduction during reproduction development of B.campestris var.purpurea.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 45-48. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0045
Optimal concentrations of 6-BA and NAA and their combinations were tested with quadratic regressive orthogonal design for their effect on shoot regeneration of Dianthus caryophyllus L.Results showed that the best combination of the 6-BA and NAA for the shoot regeneration was 6-BA 1.21mg/L and NAA 0.35mg/L,and the propagation coefficient reached 3.65.When 6-BA concentration was in a range of 1.20～1.79mg/L and NAA concentration in 0.15～0.63mg/L,the propagation coefficient more then 2 with the probability of 95%.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 49-51. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0049
One rice material with quasi-aromatic and special color-glumes has been selected through space mutation.A new cytoplasmic male sterile line was transferred from the special rice material.The abortive fertility of sterility is stable,its restoring and combining ability is well.The rice quality of Huaxiang A reaches the third grade rice high-quality standard.A new high yielding hybrid rice cultivar(Huaxiang 7) was bred from the cytoplasmic male sterile line "Huaxiang A" and restorer line '"Chuanhui 907 ",which already passed provincinal evaluation.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 52-54. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0052
A early indica rice variety "124",which derived from dry F_2 seed of the cross "Xiangzaoxian13/Xiang2B" treated with()~(60)Co γ-rays irradiation of 300Gy,were successfully bred after several generations selection.A new two-lines cross "Zhuliangyou 124" was bred,whose male parent was "124" and female parent was "Zhu 1S".It appears a higher yield(about 8000kg/hm~2) in preparatory and regional experiment in Hunan.The growth period of "zhuliangyou 124" is about 109 d,which is 2～3 d shorter than that of CK "Jinyou 402".Moreover,"Zhuliangyou 124" has a good rice quality and higher production potential.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 55-59+48. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0055
Major nutritional quality and components of eight low phytic acid(lpa) mutants and their corresponding wild types were studied.Compared to their corresponding wild types,the content of inorganic P(Pi) was all increased several times,while the content of total P(TP) in mutants was almost the same as their wild types.The contents of crude lipid and amylose were similar,but total starch was significantly different.Crude protein in some of mutants was increased significantly.Most of amino acids were increased,and essential amino acidLysine was increased except mutants derived from Q319 and X178.Mineral macronutrients and micronutrients were similar.All results showed that the lpa mutation in maize could enhance the nutritional quality and bioactivities.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 60-64+104. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0060
In order to enhance the extraction yield of arabinoxylan from wheat bran,the effect of temperature,time,the concentrations of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide and shaking speed on yield of arabinoxylan were investigated.Based on this,the optimization of extraction conditions of arabinoxylan was carried out and mathematical model was established through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combination design.Results indicated that when the extraction temperature,time,the concentrations of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide were 88℃,200min,0.16mol/L and 1.5% respectively,the yield(Y) reached the maximum(21.23%),which was consistent with the validate experiment result.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 65-69. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0065
The method to measure apignin content of celery extract was established by HPTLC.The automatism thin layer chromatogram instrument(CAMAG) with high-performance silica gel(G60) thin layer board was used.The outspread solvent(chloroform∶methanol∶water,18∶2.3∶0.35),measure wavelength was 345nm.The apignin content with in 0.116～0.696ug/ml was the line relation(R~2>0.99).The advantages of this method are briefness,speediness,well separation,and high sensitive degree.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 70-73. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0070
As a branch of radiation technology,radiolysis technology has been developing in recent years.The update research and application of radiolysis is briefly reviewed.The radiolysis in reducing veterinary drug residues in food,processing plant sources products and environmental management are summaried.The influencing factors or the mechanism and radiolysis products are reviewed.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 74-79. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0074
The influence of processing treatments on pesticide residues in fruits and their products was reviewed.The effects on pesticide residues and relative control treatments for each processing step,including peeling,washing,sterilization,juicing,clarification,filtration,drying and fermentation,were discussed,respectively.Meanwhile we analyzed the future development prospectin of this field,in order to provide some suggestions for commercial fruit industry and consumers' health.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 80-83. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0080
At tillering stage,the connection of main stem and tiller was close,()~(14)C-photosynthate produced in main stems was used for the growth of leaves of main stem,tillers and roots.In Xuzhou 26 6.15% and 5.92%()~(14)C-photosynthate were transported from main stem to tiller Ⅰand Ⅱ respectively,Which were significantly higher than those in 9559(4.38% and 3.84%).However with the growth of plant,the main stem and tiller was more and more independent,The proportion of()~(14)C-photosynthate which were transported between main stem and tillers decreased,and the difference of()~(14)C-photosynthate transportation among three varieties was smaller.At jointing stage,()~(14)C-photosynthate produced in main stem was mostly used by stem and sheath of itself.At heading stage,()~(14)C-photosynthate produced in main stem was mostly used by spike and stem of itself.At maturity,(()~(14)C-photosynthate) produced at heading stage in the labelled leaf blade was mostly transported to grain,glumes,stem and leaf sheath,and the distribution to grain was the highest among all organs(32.76%～41.81%).
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 84-87+83. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0084
Microsomes were prepared from etiolated wheat seedlings pretreated with 5%(v/v) ethanol and 10mmol/L Pyribambenz-propyl for 24h at 25℃ in a dark and reacted with [C ring-U-()~(14)C] pyribambenz-propyl).Radioactive labeled compounds were extracted from the reaction solution with ethyl acetate,separated and determined by HPLC-LSC,and then identified by HPLC-MS(ESI).Three major metabolites(Y1,Y2 and Y3),presumably related to Smiles rearrangement,indicated that Pyribambenz-propyl underwent hydroxylation in wheat microsomes and the in vitro system might also facilitate isomerization of Pyribambenz-propyl.Further studies are required to clarify whether rearrangement reactions of Pyribambenz-propyl is ready to occur within plant cells and whether these Smiles rearrangement-related metabolites are involved in herbicidal activities and/or detoxification of the(pro-)herbicide.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 88-92+115. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0088
Random complete block design was used to study the impact of spray Roundup 41% aqua on physiological index and yield composition of glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars(RR1,RR2) and ordinary soybean cultivars(Jinda75,Jindou27) at two-trifoliolate leaf stage.The chlorophyll content index,shikimic acid content and SOD activity were measured.The results indicated that the chlorophyll content index of four soybean cultivars decreased with increasing the dosage of Roundup 41% aqua,and the decrease degree of RR1 and RR2 were smaller than that of Jinda75 and Jindou27.Jinda75 and Jindou27 were severely injured at 0.46kg/hm~2,and the shikimic acid content of RR1 and RR2 at 7.38kg/hm~2 was less than that of Jinda75 and Jindou27 at 0.46kg/hm~2.SOD activity of RR1 and RR2 was increased with the dosage increasing of Roundup 41% aqua,while that of Jinda75 and Jindou27 was decreased.As a whole,the value of yield composition of RR2 was the highest at 1.85kg/hm~2,RR1 at 0.92kg/hm~2,Jinda75 and Jindou27 at 0.46kg/hm~2,respectively.Among these three physiological indexes,shikimic acid content and chlorophyll content index were more sensitive than SOD activity.There were glyphosate-resistance differences between soybean cultivars.And the glyphosate-resistance soybean had a higher glyphosate-resistance than the ordinary soybean.The glyphosate-resistance for RR1 was slightly stronger than that for RR2,the late-maturing cultivar of ordinary soybean is slightly stronger than the early-maturing cultivar.The change of physiological indexes showed differences of glyphosate-resistance for cultivars,and had an important significance in breeding and applying glyphosate properly in soybean production.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 93-96. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0093
The contents of progesterone(P),oestradiol(E_2) and P/E_2 ratio in the milk of Chinese Holstein cows in and around breeding days were measured with radioimmunoassay,and the relations between the contents of P and E_2 and cow conceiving were evaluated.The results indicated that the difference between the P content in the milk of the pregnant and the non-pregnant cows before breeding was not significant,but the P content from the first to the 18~(th) day before breeding was highly significant(P<0.01).P content in the milk from the 7~(th) to 9~(th) day after breeding between the pregnant and the non-pregnant cows started to be significantly difference(P<0.01),and the difference became even bigger at significant with the breeding time.The E_2 content in the milk of the pregnant and the non-pregnant cows was highly significant difference(P<0.01).From the 19~(th) to 21~(th) day after breeding,the E_2 content in the milk of the pregnant cows was nearly two times as higher as that in the non-pregnant cows.The P content between the pregnant and the non-pregnant cows was significant difference(P<0.05),the E_2 content was not significant,and the P/E_2 ratio was highly significant difference(P<0.01).
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 97-100. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0097
Female pupae came from the genetic sexing strain(GSS)of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)were irradiated by()~(60)Co at 1d,2d and 3d separately before emergence and the dosage were 90,100 and 105Gy.The emergence percentage,flight ability and survival percentage under stress were tested.The irradiated female adults mated with unirradiated males and irradiated males came from GSS after emergence,the number of eggs and egg hatch rates were scored for each treatment at 10d and 17d separately.The results showed that the quality control trend of irradiated female were the same as the irradiated male.The irradiated female did not lay egg when mated with irradiated male.The number of eggs decreased sharp when the irradiated females mated with unirradiated males,and the number of eggs would decrease with the increase of irradiation dosage and decrease of pupae age.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 101-104. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0101
The fertility of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) irradiated with()~(60)Co γ-rays was remarkable reduced at the doses of 30Gy,35Gy and 40Gy,especially at 40Gy.When the non-irradiated females were coupled with the irradiated males first,and then coupled with non-irradiated males,the hatchability and the fertility had little higher but lower than the control.It explained that radiation has certain influence to the female gonad.It also has difference between the hatching rate and the amount of eggs in different match.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 105-110+17. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0105
The pollution of heavy metals(As,Pb,Cd,Cr,and Hg) in agricultural soils of Southeastern Zunyi,Guizhou Province were investigated and assessed in this paper.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in the soils were As 11.39mg/kg,Pb 38.75mg/kg,Cd 0.34mg/kg,Cr 40.45mg/kg,Hg 0.21mg/kg.The Cd is the main contamination element,with an average single pollution index of 1.13,and an average single ecological risk index of 50.85,showing this area is in medium ecological risk class.The highest pollution index is 1.43 in Zunyi County,with an average single ecological risk index of 64.35.The results also indicated that Cd and Hg had caused some relevant ecological risk by comparing the pollution index with the ecological risk index of heavy metals.
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J4. 2008, 22(01): 111-115. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.01.0111
As a new method,REE tracer technique has been widely used in soil erosion research.This paper introduces the advances of REE tracer technique in soil erosion research and the applying technique of tracer element at home and abroad. Then,the REE tracer technique and the methods of tracer element application were discussed in order to offer some references for future research.
