20 June 2008, Volume 22 Issue 03
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 243-247. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0243
High yield and high quality wheat variety,Longfumai 18 was developed from wheat line Long94-4083 by space mutation.There are some differences of morphological and agronomic traits between Longfumai 18 and its parent line-Long 94-4083.Longfumai 18 is two days later in maturity and 5.1～5.6cm higher in plant height,the yield of Longfumai 18 is significantly increased by 5.3%～6.4% compared with Long 94-4083.On the basis of high quality level of Long 94-4083,Longfumai 18 is much improved in the maximum resistance and area of extensogram of its dough.To study the DNA polymorphism,60 pairs of RAPD primers were used to amplify the DNA of Longfumai 18 and Long 94-4083,6.7% of primers showed polymorphism and Longfumai 18 is different from Long 94-4083 in primer OPAQ-6,OPP-4,OPP-2 and OPK-15.In the detection of a DNA marker for LMW-GS,Longfumai 18 has a specific band of 1151bp while Long 94-4083 doesn't have,the band is correspond to GluA3e,which may be one of the reason why Longfumai 18 has higher maximum resistance and area in extensogram than Long 94-4083.Comparative study of Longfumai 18 and Long 94-4083 certified that space mutation breeding is effective and reliable.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 248-252+275. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0248
Rice seeds were irradiated with ~(60)Co γ-rays to induce mutants,which resistant to rice blast were screened in subculture medium and differentiation medium under mix toxin from dominant strains of Pyricularia grisea in Heilongjiang.The results indicated that the inductivity of callus of mature rice embryo by irradiation was very low and the browning rate of callus was very high.However,the resistance rate of resistant regenerating plants was obviously higher,which indicated the resistant breeding by irradiation and biotechnology had a great potential and a better prospect.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 253-255+270. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0253
Biological effects of ~(60)Co γ-irradiation,laser and their combination treatment induction on wheat were studied.The results showed that there was no significant difference of germination rate,potential and exponential between treated samples and control,but the seedling height,root length,viable exponential,survival seedling rate,plant rate were lower than control in M_1 generation.The date of germination,tillering,node growth,spike growth and maturing were postponed for 4d,11d,11d,6d and 9d,compared with control.respectively.The No.of tillers in winter,Max.No.of plant tillers,No.of plant spikes,plant height,spike height,No.of divided spikes,No.of spike grains,weight of plant were much lower than control,but 1000-grain weight and rate of survival spikes were much higher than control.in M_1 generation.In M_2 generation,laser treatment,there were a few mutants in plant height,spike type,maturity,grain weight and scab-resistance when by ~(60)Co γ-irradiation,and combination with laser.respectively.There was no significant difference in M_1 and M_2 generation laser treatment compared with control.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 256-259. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0256
The Prd29A:DREB1A gene was transfered into wheat WEN19 by pollen tube pathway.800 florets of WEN19 were treated and 241 seeds were obtained.The fertility was 30.9%,and five transgenic wheat plants were checked out by PCR and GUS histochemical analysis at T_0 generation.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 260-264. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0260
Seed of soybean variety Jindou-24 were irradiated with ~(60)Co γ-rays and the offspring of mutants were used to research the relative contents of glycinin(11S) and β-conglycinin(7S),the composition of its subunits,the contents of different subunits and the rules of its variance by using SDS-PAGE technique.The results indicated that the content of different subunits or the same subunit of different varieties varied greatly in the offspring of mutants.Significant difference existed in the contents of different subunits of the same variety or the same subunits of different varieties.The content of 11S negatively correlated with that of 7S,and positively correlated with 11S/7S.Cluster analysis showed the mutants were divided into three groups(average 11S/7S rate 1.70,1.25 and 0.79) according to the rate of 11S/7S.The results could provide theoretical guidance to breed new soybean varieties with the character of high quality and other special purpose.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 265-270. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0265
Dry seeds of two capsicum landraces "Tianshuiyangjiaojiao(TSYJJ)" and "Tianshuiniujiaojiao(TSNJJ)" were carried by "Shenzhou-3" spaceship.Two mutant lines "021-7-1" and "024-3-1" were selected after four generations of self-cross,respectively By crossing these two lines(021-7-1 as female and "024-3-1" as male),a new variety "Hangjiao-6" was selected.Agronomic characteristics evaluation of Hangjiao-6 and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis were carried out on "021-7-1","024-3-1","Hangjiao-6","TSYJJ" and "TSNJJ".Compared with the originals "TSNJJ",the new line "024-3-1" was bigger fruit size,with a single fruit weight 52.4g,increased by 12.7%.The new line "021-7-1" observed the increase of fruit number per plant,the average fruit number per plant reached 10.4,and increased by 25.3%."Hangjiao-6" has obvious heterosis in its fruit yield."Hangjiao-6",which shows early maturity,takes about 50 days from planting to harvest.The fruit is long sheep-horn shaped of 26.3cm length,3.68cm in diameter,and 0.32cm in flesh thickness.Average fruit weight is 51g.The average yield is 41335.5 kg/hm 2 and showed strong disease resistance.By RAPD analysis,seven different fragments were amplified between the ground control "TSNJJ" and the new line "024-3-1",and one different fragment was amplified between the ground control "TSYJJ" and the new line "021-7-1"."Hangjiao-6" amplified the same fragments and the special fragments of the male and female parents,and also has the variant fragments from space mutation.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 271-275. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0271
Branches of Euonymus fortunei were irradiated with ~(60)Co γ-rays.The average number of new branches per plant was negatively correlated with irradiation dose.With the increase of irradiation dose,the rates of slanting and creeping types of plant increased.80Gy irradiation was fit for leaves to keep green in winter than other applied doses.Phenotypic variation were observed in V_1 generation,including variance in height,average node length,diameter/height,leaf shape index,leaf area,blasted tips,biforked tips and phyllotaxis.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 276-279. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0276
A staurosporine-producing strain Stretomyces sp.4138 was treated with ultraviolet and microwave,and then selected by resistant combined material streptomycin sulfate.With 50 seconds ultraviolet treatment,a mutant strain HZ-09 was obtained after plate screening on the isolation medium plus(streptomycin sulfate 0.8μg/ml).The titer of HZ-09 was 30.46% higher than the parent strain H-0.Then the strain HZ-09 was treated 30s by microwave and combined with streptomycin sulfate to get a mutant strain HW-25,whose titer was 284.20% higher than that of the original H-0.The high productivity of the strain HW-25 could be inherited stably.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 280-285. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0280
A mutant strain A50 with high cellulase activity was induced and isolated by using ~(60)Co γ-rays irradiation from the initial Penicillium decumbens A10.The optimum fermentation conditions of A50 were investigated through orthogonal designing experiment,the major carbon resource 5%,the ratio between wheat bran and corn straw 1∶1,the concentration of glucose as supplemental carbon 0.1%,the concentration of(NH_4)_2HPO_4 as supplemental nitrogen resource 0.2%,the initial pH of liquid medium 5.0,the inoculated amount for fermentation 10% and the concentration of Tween-80 0.1%,30ml initial media filled in the 300ml flask with culture condition of 32℃and 200r/min.Under the optimum conditions mentioned above,the highest activities of cellulase and filter paper enzyme were 27.28 and 1.98IU/ml at 60h fermentation,respectively,which was 33.2% and 45.59% higher than those of the initial strain.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 286-290+279. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0286
The objective of the current study was to set a foundation for efficient large scale cultivation for biosynthesis of flavonoids.The effect of several factors on callus growth amount,flavonoid content and yield in callus cultures of Carpesium.macrocephalum Franch.et Sav were investigated.The results showed that: ① the flavonoid content and yield of root-induced callus was higher than hypocotyl and cotyledon-induced callus;② the flavonoid yield of root-induced callus was stable during 3～12 subculture generation;③ the optimum temperature for callus growth and flavonoid cumulation was 25℃;④ the optimum ultraviolet radiation time for callus flavonoid content was 10 min;⑤ the callus growth and flavonoid yield increased first and then decreased at different culture medium,the flavonoid yield reached the maximum after 35～40 days of inoculation,and the optimal culture medium to produce flavonoid was NT.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 291-295. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0291
The distribution of two colony forms of Bacillus pumilus E601 and the effect of neutron irradiation on the colony form were reported.The translucent and opaque colonies were cultured several generations to observe the proportion of two form colonies.The spores of opaque colony were irradiated at 80,800 and 2000 Gy of fast neutron from CFBR-Ⅱ pulse pile,and the survivors of opaque colony were irradiated again at the same doses.The results showed that:(1) Bacillus pumilus E601 observed two types of colony form: translucent and opaque colony;(2) the translucent colony could produce both translucent and opaque colonies in equal,while the opaque colony couldn't produce translucent colony generally;(3) neutron irradiation could affect the colony form distribution.The ratio of survival translucent colony was increased with the increase of the first neutron irradiation doses,and the second neutron irradiation also increased the ratio of translucent colony.It was concluded that the instability of translucent colony was the main reason to produce two colony forms of Bacillus pumilus E601.The strain of translucent colony had a stronger ability to resist neutron irradiation than the opaque colony.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 296-299. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0296
A male sterile mutant named 39I_3-2 was selected from the M_3 generation of Nongda 108(a maize variety) which dry seeds were irradiated with 30Gy 7Li,and combinations between male sterile plants and other fertile plants were also obtained through bagging cross.The characteristics of the male sterile mutant and its fertilities of combinations were studied,and the fertilities of the F_2 generation were surveyed.The results showed that the sterile material was thoroughly abortive,and the sterile trail was stable,which indicated a genetic feature of single recessive gene controlled nucleus sterility.The appearance of male sterile mutant was caused through gene mutation by heavy ion irradiation.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 300-303. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0300
Effects of various plant growth substances and different explants on callus induction and callus differentiation in Anthurium andraeanum were studied by orthogonal design statistic analysis.The results indicated that the main factor which influenced callus induction was explant,the optimal medium for callus induction was MS+1.0 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA.The results also showed that the main factor which influenced callus differentiation was 6-BA and the optimal medium for callus differentiation was 1/2MS +0.5mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L 6-BA.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 304-309+369. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0304
The effect of improving enzyme hydrolyze of rice straw was estimated with treating dry rice straw and raw fiber by ~(60)Co γ-rays irradiation.The water-soluble deoxidize carbohydrate and total carbohydrate of ~(60)Co γ-rays irradiated rice straw and raw fibres were measured by DNS method and vitrol-phenol method.The changes of deoxidize carbohydrate groups of irradiated hydrolyzing rice straw were analyzed by gas chromatography.The organism structures of irradiated rice straw were scanned by electron microscope,the results showed that 1000～1500kGy 60Co γ-irradiation doses effectively destroyed rice straw's organism structures,especially the silicon crystal structures,and along with irradiation doses increased the breakage degree enlarged significantly.The contents of the water-soluble deoxidize carbohydrate and total carbohydrate of rice straw increased significantly.Treated by both irradiation and enzyme,the cellulose transform rate of rice straw was 88.7%,which is better than that only treated by ~(60)Co γ-irradiation or enzyme.The content of water-solubility deoxidize carbohydrate of the treated rice straw was 214.4mg/g and the total carbohydrate of straw was 758.5mg/g.The contents of mannose,galactose,glucose,arabinose and xylose increased significantly,among those carbohydrate,the glucose's increment was the largest and account for 62.64%,and mannose's increments was the second.The contents of lignin of the rice straw were not influenced obviously by irradiation treatment.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 310-313+285. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0310
The degradation of solid state chitosan by irradiation at solid state and synergetic method were investigated in this paper.Four factors which affect the degradation effect of chitosan: irradiation,H_2O_2concentration,the ratio of solvent and solute(volum/weight),acetic acid were analyzed.The first three were measured by multiple comparisons of the different level and variance analysis,and infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyze check the degradation products.It is concluded that chitosan's viscosity,and average molecular weight was decreased from 8.7×10 5 to 10 4 at the condition of 15%H_2O_2,HAc1.5%,4∶1 H_2O_2 solution/chitosan,110kGy irradiation,and the chemical structure of treat chitosan products was almost no changed.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 314-318+373. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0314
Experiments were carried out to study the effect of irradiation on the EMC(equilibrium moisture content) of rice.Irradiation dose was included in three widely used models for EMC,the parameters in models based on the experimental data,and correlation coefficient,mean relative error and standard error of moisture were studied for the better model.Experimental results show that gamma irradiation dose affects the values of EMC of grain at the same relative humidity and temperature of ambient.Values of the EMC decreased with increass of γ-rays irradiation dose during both adsorption and desorption process.Based on the correlation coefficient,mean relative error and standard error of moisture,the modified Chung-Pfost equation and the modified Henderson equation were found to fit the desorption and adsorption isotherms for rough rice grain in the range of experimental conditions.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 319-323+295. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0319
Phytoremediation,has been used for cleanup of low-level contaminants,exhibits a great potential in remediation of large-scale radionuclide contamination.An investigation on radionuclide accumulation by native halophytes and its influencing factors,plant variety and parts,soil K content and profile contribution of radionuclide,was carried out for the feasibility of radionuclide phytoremediation at a radionuclide contamination site,in China.The results showed that BC(bioaccumulation coefficient) value of 137Cs by halophytes ranged from 10-5～10-2,BC value in most regions declined with inhomogeneous distribution of 137Cs and enhanced with the homogenous distribution.Significant negative correlation was existed between K concentration and BC value.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 324-328. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0324
ZJ0273,propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate,is a novel herbicidal ingredient obtained temporary registration in China for weed control in oilseed rape field.In this study,[A ring-U-14C]ZJ0273,propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)[phenyl-U-14C_6]benzoate,were applied in 7 soils to investigate sorption and desorption of ZJ0273.The results revealed for all soils studied that(1) Freundlich-model,Langmuir-model and Linear-model fit the sorption isotherm of ZJ0273 well,and the correlation coefficient of the two former models(R 2=0.9883～0.9998) were better than that of linear-model(R 2=0.9173～0.9593);(2) Desorption isotherm was better described by using Freundlich-model and linear-model;(3) [A ring-U-14C]ZJ0273 was ready to be sorbed,the constant K_F was positively related to soil organic matter(SM),the desorption ratios of [A ring-U-14C]ZJ0273 was extra low,and obvious hysteresis could be found in the sorption and desorption of [A ring-U-14C]ZJ0273 in the tested soils.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 329-333+328. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0329
This article summarized the results on the IAEA-CU-2006-02 proficiency test on the determination of 137Cs and 210Pb in spiked soil.LabSOCS(Laboratory Sourceless Calibration Software)was used to perform mathematical efficiency calibration of HPGe low-background gamma-spectrometry.The analytical data evaluation of this proficiency test according to the performance criteria of IAEA indicated that 100% of the laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development reported "acceptable" results for the 137Cs and 210Pb.And the analytical data evaluation of this proficiency test in IAEA's report indicated that 82% of the eighteen laboratories reported "acceptable" results for 137Cs and 33 % for 210Pb.Through this proficiency test,we could know the successful experiences and existed shortcomings.The uncertainty of 137Cs measurement was lower than 210Pb,the analytical error was easy to control.210Pb was the inherent radionuclides existed in the soil,the penetrating power was low,influenced by the soil parent material and the background,the analytical error was difficult to control.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 334-337. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0334
Two antibody immobilization methods,immunosensory techniques based on direct and competitive methods for detection of methyl parathion,were compared in order to develop a simple,cheap,rapid,online-detectable and mass-response-based piezoelectric immunosensor.The results showed that the anti-methyl parathion polyclonal antibody was better immobilized on the golden electrode of the piezoelectric quartz crystals with sulfhydryl self-assembled layer than SPA method.Compared with direct method,piezoelectric immunosensor based on competitive method for methyl parathion detection was more sensitive due to larger frequency shift obtained.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 338-342. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0338
15N tracer technique and frame-planting method were applied to investigate the absorption and utilization of nitrogen source in soybean plant in different growth stage(seedling stage V_4,early-bloom stage R_1,full-bloom stage R_2,early-poding stage R_4,pod-peak stage R_5,muture stage R_6,harvest stage R_8).The results indicated: the nitrogen of root,stem and leaf was mainly from soil and fertilizer nitrogen at growth stage,and the nitrogen from root nodule azotification started and increased at later growth stage.In the nitric proportion of bean pods,the soil nitrogen was decreasing and root nodule azotification was increasing with the growth in later stage,and 70.6% of total nitrogen at R_8 stage was from root nodule azotification,the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen stayed at low level all the time.At the vegetative period of inorganic nitrogen lasted from V_4 to R_1,soybean was mainly depending on soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen;but in the period of R_1～R_5,inorganic nitrogen nutrition was parallel to root nodule azotification,the soybean depended not only on soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen,but also on the supply of root nodule azotification;when it came to the root nodule azotification stage of R_5～R_8,soybean mainly relied on root nodule azotification.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 343-347. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0343
The N use efficiency(NUE) and fate of N fertilizers applied to open field vegetables including green cabbage,Chinese cabbage and tomato were investigated by using field plot and microplot experiments.The results showed that application of N fertilizer significantly increased yield of green cabbage and Chinese cabbage(p<0.05),while the tomato's yield didn't increase.NUE was measured and compared by difference methods,including 15N-tracer method,and it was found that the NUE decreased with N application increasing.Total N loss in the soil of growing green cabbage was not more than 10% of applied N,while total N loss in the soil of Chinese cabbage and tomato were 41.9%～48.6% and 34.2%～46.0%,respectively.No N leaching was observed during the growing season of green cabbage,while 9.2%～10.9% and 10%～10.2% of labeled urea was leached under 40 cm soil layer during Chinese cabbage and tomato growing season,respectively.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 348-352+337. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0348
Complete circularity-decortication and bark regeneration on the trunk of 5-years old P.chineness were done and the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured by plant gas exchanging method and chlorophyll fluorescence method to analyze the mechanism of bark regeneration.The results indicated that photosynthetic efficiency,maximum quantum efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence(Φ_PO),actual quantum efficiency(Φ_P') and photochemical quenching coefficient(q_p) were significantly lower than those of non-barking control during 7-29d bark removing,whereas no significant difference was observed after 35d barkremoving.The results also suggested that the change of transpiration rate was no significant difference after decortication.Therefore,it was concluded that decline in photosynthetic rate was neither caused by stoma nor by structural damage of photosystem.The date showed that transportation downwards of photosynthetic carbon-assimilations in the leaves was obstructed by bark removing,which that feedback inhibition to photosynthetic process was induced by accumulation of photosynthetic products.However,feedback constraint released as soon as function of phloem for transportation downwards recovered,and the photosynthesis rapidly restored to normal level.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 353-358. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0353
Leymus chinensis,one of dominant species in Inner Mongolia grassland,was selected to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) on plant gas change parameters and stable isotope ratio in pot culture.The plant was inoculated with two mycorrhizal fungi,Glomus intraradices and Glomus claroidum,and the uninoculated plant was used as the control check.On the 45 th,60 th,75 th days after sowing,gas exchange parameters and stable isotope ratio were measured.The results showed that AM infection promoted phosphorus content,stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of Leymus chinensis,reduced host δ 15N,however,it did not influence host intrinsic water using efficiency and δ 13C.It was the growth time that significantly affected the gas exchange and stable isotope ratio of δ 13C and δ 15N.And the interaction of inoculation and growth time also influenced on the net photosynthetic rate,δ 13C and δ 15N of the host.Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were always changed the same direction by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi causing no significant difference between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plant.AMF absorbed nitrogen and accumulated δ 15N,thus,it transformed less 15N into the host,and as a result,the mycorrhizal plant had lower δ 15 N.Therefore,the results gave a new way and reference to know of the grass balance of carbon gain and water cost and the nitrogen cycle in grassland.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 359-364. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0359
32 PIC pigs,weighted 59.82±1.32 kg on average,were subjected randomly to 4 treatments for determining the effects of extrogenous metabolism-regulating agents on pig performance,protein turn-over and nitrogen retention by using isotope(15N-Gly) technique and nitrogen balance trial.The 4 treatments were:(1) basal diet;(2) basal diet plus cysteamine(70mg/kg,CS group);(3) basal diet plus non-stable astragalus extracts 250mg/kg(NCAE group);(4) basal diet plus stably astragalus extracts 250mg/kg(CAE group).Astragalus extracts and cysteamine,especially NCAE,redounded to increase pig performance,especially increase average day gain(P<0.05).Both astragalus extracts and cysteamine accelerated protein aggradation rate and amino acid utilization rate,as well as biological value.Astragalus extracts helped to accelerate the synthesis rate of amino acid into body protein and reduce the excretion rate of endogenous urine nitrogen.The mechanism of increasing protein deposition of cysteamine is reducing body protein degradation rate(26.71% reduction,compared to control group),while that of astragalus extracts is bilateral,reducing protein degradation rate(24.84% and 3.66% reduction for NCAE and CAE) and accelerating protein synthesis rate(22.86% and 19.18% increase for NCAE and CAE).Both astragalus extracts and cysteamine contributed the increasing nitrogen retention,net nitrogen utilization and biological value.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 365-369. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0365
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of diet energy on ovary weight,E_2 and P_4 concentrations in the course of sexual maturity of layer.Experiment results indicated that ovary weight and follicles on ovary surface increased with the increase of age and energy level in the course of sexual maturity.Except low-energy groupⅡ,ovary weight and maturity follicles(>10mm) of other groups increased evidently at 22 week old.E_2 and P_4 concentrations increased with age and reached a higher level at 22 weeks.E_2 and P_4 concentrations were higher in high-energy groups than in low-energy groups.At 22 weeks,E_2 concentration was higher in control group than in other groups,and E_2 level of higher-energy groups was higher than that of low-energy groupⅡ.Compared with low-energy groupⅡ,other groups had higher P_4 level.It could be concluded that excessive low energy affect the development of ovary and follicles through affecting E_2 and P_4 levels.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 370-373. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0370
Two methods of nuclide isotope(22Na~+) tracer methods: plant analyzing and efflux solution analyzing,were used and compared for measuring Na~+ efflux rate of wheat root.The results showed that roots of wheat had evident ability to pump the Na~+ out and enhanced along with the increase of NaCl stress concentration to prevent excessive Na~+ accumulated in plant.Na~+ efflux rates were no significant difference between the two methods,though the rates were little higher from efflux solution analyzing method.The efflux solution analyzing method was recommended due to its facility and low system error.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 374-378. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0374
Effects of different concentration Cu~(2+) on development and physiological characteristics of cucumber during seed germination were studied.The results showed that lower Cu~(2+) concentration(25mg/L) could promote the seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber,under this concentration,seed germination rate,germinating energy,germination index,vigor index,length of root,length of hypocotyls,diameter of hypocotyls and relative water content of seedlings were higher than those of control,and under other Cu~(2+) concentrations.However the plasma membrane relative permeability,MDA content,soluble sugar content,proline content,SOD and POD activities of cucumber seedling at 25mg/L Cu~(2+) were the lowest among those of all treating concentrations.But with the increasing of Cu~(2+) concentration(50～300mg/L),the physiological indicators of seed germination decreased,while physiological index of seedling had an rising tendency,which indicated that higher Cu~(2+) concentration significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth,especially at 300 mg/L Cu~(2+) concentration.The results provided the reliable basis for studying the relationship between growth of crops and heavy metal Cu.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 379-382. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0379
Deinococcus radiodurans was inoculated into the soil which was spiked with 134Cs to investigate its effect on chemical speciation of 134Cs.The relationship between chemical speciation of 134Cs and its absorbtion capacity by cabbage(Brassica oleracea) in the presence of D.radiodurans was also investigated.The results showed that an increase of 28.64%～38.17% in content of 134Cs in residual phase was observed with presence of D.radiodurans in comparison with the aseptic control.The amounts of radiocesium uptaken by cabbage were about 12100Bq/g under aseptic conditions,however,which were about 8500Bq/g with the presence of D.radiodurans.The proportion of 134Cs taken up by cabbage decreased about 29% in comparison with the aseptic control.The chemical speciation could be influenced by D.radiodurans so that its uptake by plants could be reduced.
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J4. 2008, 22(03): 383-388. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.03.0383
Arsenic is distributed widely in nature and closely related to human life.It has been widely used in industrial and agricultural production activities.However,arsenic is a highly toxic element,and harmful to animals and plants,even at low concentration.The hazards of arsenic are usually expressed by bioavailability,which has a close relationship with the accumulated amount and its speciation in soils.This paper is mainly discussed the valence of arsenic,the combination of soil colloidal forms,the bioavailability and the determination methods of different arsenic forms,and the future trend in interrelated fields was also discussed for providing scientific reference on further research of the soil arsenic speciation and bioavailability.
