20 October 2008, Volume 22 Issue 05
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 551-556. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0551
The main biological characters of the waxy male sterile lines,maintainer lines,restorer lines and waxy hybrids which had been developed by radiation-induced mutation were studied,and the grain quality of the waxy hybrids were analyzed as well.Sesults indicated that the mutant waxy rice had the same growth duration, similar agronomic characters,panicle and spikelet traits as parent.The waxy male-sterile line had the same pollen sterility characteristic as its parent male-sterile line.The waxy hybrid rice retained the yield potential as original hybrid rice,and the grain quality of the waxy hybrids was similar to the conventional waxy rice Ejinnuo 6.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 557-562+556. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0557
114 wheat varieties in Heilongjiang province were analyzed with a set of 12 microsatellite markers,46 allelic variants were detected,the total number of alleles ranged from 3～8 with an average of 3.8 alleles per locus.The average of genetic distance(GD) is 0.7331.The average GD of the wheat varieties breeding by different institutes are different and ranged from 0.5713 to 0.7447.The planting year of the cultivars were also considered,the average GD of the wheats were decreased with the planting time.Clustering analysis on Nei's distance divided 114 wheat varieties into 3 groups and 9 sub-groups,which revealed the relationship of Heilongjiang wheat varieties.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 563-565+606. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0563
The mutagenic effects of space flight on the soybean varieties Hefeng 25 and Hefeng 50 in SP_2 were studied.The results showed that the variability coefficient of plant height,pod number per plant,seeds number per plant and pod number of main stem in the two materials were higher than those of the earth control,and some of those traits had a positive tendency,it could be used for breeding.The variability range of the pod number per plant,the seeds number per plant in mutagenic Hefeng 50 were much wider than that in mutagenic Hefeng 25,and the variability range of plant height,pod number of the main stem in mutagenic Hefeng 25 were wider than that in mutagenic Hefeng 50.The variability changes of SP_2 offspring showed that space treatment provide new germplasm for soybean breeding effectively.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 566-568. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0566
To understand the cytological effects of space flight on alfalfa seeds,dry seeds of three lines(Line 1,Line 2 and Line 4) were selected and loaded onto 'Shijian No.8' satellite for space flight.After returning to the ground,root tips of alfalfa were clipped and chromosome aberrations were observed by microscope.Data showed that space flight had two types of effect on cell mitotic: one was positive(Line 2,Line 4) and the other was negative(Line 1).Such chromosome aberrations were observed as micronucleus,chromosome bridge,fragments,lagging and so on.The frequency of aberration varied with the different materials.Conclusion was that space flight had significant effect on root tip cells,which mainly showed as the chromosome aberrations.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 569-572+580. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0569
The dry seeds of two homozygous strains of caper spurge(Euphorbia lathyris L.),Xuyou 1 and Xuyou 2,were irradiated by ~(60)Co γ-rays at 1Gy/min dose rate,and the activity of 5 kinds of protective enzymes were investigated in M_1 generation.The results showed that the effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) and glutathione reductase(GR) in mutagenic materials were significant.The SOD and CAT activities increased from 0 to 600Gy,but decreased from 600 to 800Gy,while the POD and GR activities increased accompanying with the increase of irradiation dose from 0 to 800Gy.The APX activity expressed at a lower level when irradiated at low dose(<400Gy),but rapidly increased when irradiated at dose from 600 to 800Gy.The results indicated that the suitable dosage for seed irradiation of caper spurge was about 600Gy,and the peak value of SOD and CAT activities in caper spurge M_1 seedlings could be used for evaluation the suitable dosage for seed irradiation.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 573-575. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0573
The seeds of Lespedeza formosa were irradiated by different dose of ~(60)Co γ-rays,and the effects on the seed vigor,seed germination rate and seedling growth were investigated.Results showed that seed vigor decreased with the increase of irradiation dose;higher dose irradiaition(≥300Gy)inhibited the seedling growth significantly.A negative correlation was found between seedling survival rate and irradiation doses.It was concluded that semi-lethal dose of the Lespedeza formosa was 203.9Gy and the suitable irradiation dose range for Lespedeza formosa mutation breeding was 203.9～400Gy.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 576-580. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0576
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) is a newly developed molecular marker technique.In this paper,the genetic diversity of 6 species Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge which were collected from primary producing area,including Zhongjiang in Sichuan,Shangluo in Henan,Linyi in Shandong,Bozhou and Fengyang in Anhui,were tested by using the optimized SRAP reaction system in the study.The NTSYS software was used to analyze the markers.As a result,36 primer pairs were selected from 88,and amplified 782 polymorphic bands with an average of 21.7 polymorphic bands per primer pair.Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the data of SRAP amplified bands by 36 primer pairs showed 6 species of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge could be distinguished into two main groups.Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.6774～0.8225.The result showed that SRAP molecular marker was efficient to study the genetic diversity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 581-584. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0581
The bulbs of Lilium davidii var.unicolor were aerobic induced,the small bulbs were treated with different concentration of colchicine,then were cultured under acenic condition.The ploypliod of Lilium davidii var.unicolor were selected after three months,incubation,and results showed that the best treatment was with 0.1% colchicine solution treated for 40h and cultured for 7days.The morphological traits of the tetraploids were that the leaves were rough,sometimes distorted,the stems were stronger and the roots were bigger than that of diploid.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 585-589. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0585
Effects of ion beam implantation on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Cedrus deodara were investigated by the laser confocal microscopy technique(LSCM).The results showed that the low dose ion implantation(1×10~(15) ions/cm~2) did not affect the germination of the pollen.The doses of 3×10~(15) ions/cm~2 and 5×10~(15) ions/cm~2 implantation could significantly promote the germination. But the high dose ion implantation(equal to or over 7×10~(15) ions/cm~2) obviously suppressed the pollen to germinate.The effects on elongation and morphological characters of the pollen tube caused by the ion beam implantation were observed.The damage degree of the pollen tube increased with the increase of ion implantation dose.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 590-594. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0590
In this study,the 1.4 kb sacB gene from Bacillus subtilis genomic DNA was cloned into the expression vector pET-28a(+).The product of gene sacB had the levansucrase activity determined by glucose release from sucrose hydrolysis. The expression of sacB gene in Escherichia coli could cause cell death when exposed to 5% sucrose in medium.And sacB gene also confered a sucrose-sensitive phenotype for the extremely radiation-resistant bacterium,Deinococcus sp.BR501.Using the conditional-lethal gene sacB to analyze the mutation rates of Deinococcus sp.BR501,we found that the rate of the DNA mismatch repair deficient strain(ΔmutS1) was obviously higher than that of wild type strain.Our result suggested that B.subtilis sacB gene could be used as a negative-selection marker to identify and characterize the genes involved in DNA demage repair.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 595-599. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0595
In order to investigate the roles of Wis2-1A in the low-energy beam biological effects,the transcription and the copy number in genome of Wis2-1A were determined by real-time quantitative PCR.At the same time,the effect of the Wis2-1A on the expression of its flanking genes under exposure of the low-energy ion beam was also investigated.The results showed that the low-energy N~+ beam implantation could promote the transcription of the Wis2-1A and restrain the expression of the retrotransposon's flanking genes.It was suggested that Wis2-1A played an important role in responsing the low-energy ion beam biological effects.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 600-606. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0600
The regeneration system of Polygonum cuspidatum in vitro was studied with stem apexes as explant.The effects of seedling age,inoculation method,different plant growth regulators,AgNO_3 and sucrose on callus induction,bud differentiation and rooting were investigated.The results showed that the optimal medium for callus induction was MS+ sucrose 28g/L + agar 5.5g/L+ 2,4-D 1.5mg/L+ 6-BA 1.0mg/L with induction frequency of 100%.There was no significant difference among 3 to 7d seedling in their callus induction frequency,which were above 95%.And there after the increasing of seedling age resulted in a reduction of callus induction frequency,which was only 55.6% at the seedling age of 12d.The stem apexes inoculated with their abaxial end up were more effective in callus induction frequency than their abaxial ends down or placed horizontally.Best bud differentiation and bud multiplying medium with bud differentiation rate of 83.9% and multiplying coefficient of 7.63 was:MS+AgNO_3 4.0mg/L+ sucrose 30g/L+ agar 6.0g/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+TDZ 0.8mg/L.As for the rooting induction,the best medium with the rooting rate of 100% was:1/2 MS + sucrose 26g/L+ agar 6.5g/L+ activated carbon 3%+IBA 0.2mg/L+ NAA 0.3mg/L.In root induction culture using membrane filter the rate of root formation was higher and earlier than that of root formation with common membrane.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 607-610. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0607
The cDNA Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(cDNA-AFLP) system of Malus zumi Mats was established.The key factors,including enzyme digestion,preamplification and selective amplification,were optimized.The results indicated that double-stranded cDNA of Malus zumi Mats was digested completely after 4h digestion by EcoRI and MseI.The reducible result was obtained when the ligation products without dilution were used as templates for preamplification and 1μl of 20 times-diluted preamplification products for selective amplification.The cDNA-AFLP system was established successfully,which provided platform for further molecular study and gene cloning of Malus zumi Mats.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 611-616+660. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0611
Parents matching is the key point in the strong portfolio for heterosis application.Heterosis strength is distance decided by genetic distance.35 varieties of Brassica napus,including 4 sterile lines,3 maintainer lines,10 restorer lines and 11 conventional varieties,were analyzed by EST-SSR and RAPD markers for the genetic diversity and heterosis.399 alleles were detected in the 35 varieties,of which 130 alleles accounting for 32.57% showed polymorphic.The range of the 35 varieties'genetic distance was between 0.0280～0.2801 computed by NTSYS(software).At the level of genetic distance 0.1401,the varieties were divided into 6 groups.Ogu,Polima and Shan 2A CMS were clustered into the fifth groups.Xin1 CMS had further genetic distance.Compared to maintainer lines and sterile lines,restorer lines and conventional varieties,showed more genetic diversity.It was described their diversity of genetic basis and pedigree sources on the whole.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 617-620. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0617
Different doses of nitrogen ion were injected into the Sloanea hemsleyana seeds.The effects on peroxidase(POD) activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,catalase(CAT) activity,malondiadehyde(MDA) content and the permeability of electrolytes were investigated.The results showed that the activities of POD,SOD,and CAT reached the peak at the injection doses from 9×10~(16) N~+/cm~2 to 12×10~(16) N~+/cm~2,and the MDA content and the leakage of electrolytes were at the lowest level.It suggested that some certain dose of nitrogen ion beam implanting can activate the ability of enezyme scavenging free radical.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 621-625. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0621
In order to study the genetic transformation of Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang by Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogene.Factors affecting the transformation were studied by infection of Agrobacterium rhizogene.The results showed that strains and concentration of Agrobacterium rhizogene,kinds of explants,infection time,co-cultivation time and basal medium influenced the efficiency of hairy root formation strikingly,while 20mg/L acetosgringone had little effect on transformation.Leaf discs dipped into 8196 bacteria solution which diluted 5 times at exponential phase for 5～10min,co-cultured on MS medium for two days and transferred to 1/4MS medium plus kan(10mg/L) and cefotaxime(250mg/L) for one month was very useful for transformation.A highest frequency as 93.3 % of hairy roots inducing rate was achieved at the optimum conditions,96 % of hairy roots were positive in GUS histochemical identification of 50 hairy roots and 100% in PCR amplification of 48 GUS positive hairy roots.The high frequency of hairy roots inducing rate is propitious to regeneration of hairy roots and genetic transformation.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 626-629+584. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0626
Great achievements have been made in plant variety improvement using irradiation-induced mutation method,but the study on molecular mechanism of irradiationinduced mutation was still at preliminary level.In this paper,the progress of molecular biology researches on radiation-induced mutation was summarized.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 630-634+644. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0630
In order to provide references for stress-tolerant breeding of alfalfa,genetic basis of stress-tolerant traits was briefly introduced and advanced in improvement of stress-tolerance by induced mutation and genetic transformation in alfalfa were reviewed.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 635-639. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0635
This paper reviewed the current status of basic research in plant cell engineering,highlighted the application of embryo culture,double haploid(DH) technology,protoplast culture and somatic hybridization,somaclonal variation,rapid propagation,and bio-products production of plant-origin,and the prospects.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 640-644. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0640
Effects of irradiation-degradated chiotosan of different molecular weight on weight loss,rotting rate,total acid,soluble solid content,and ascorbic acid in Shatang mandarin,Fortunella margarita(lour) Swingle,and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.var.cerasiforme Alef during storage were investigated.The result showed that,compared to control,all chitosan treatment could significantly reduce weight loss and rotting rate,and maintain the content of total acid,soluble solid,and ascorbic acid.After 18 days of storage,treatment of chitosan with molecular weight of 6.6×10~4 Da showed the highest capability of decreasing the rotting rate in S.mandarin,F.margarita,L.esculentum by 71.11%,66.01% and 70.22%,respectively;increasing total acid by 55.60%,36.75%and 36.68%,soluble solid content by 49.06%,25.75% and 49.46%,and ascorbic acid by 42.80%,41.65% and 51.70%,respectively.Accordingly,irradiation-degradated chitosan coating could effectively prevent the rotting rate and preserve the quality of the three kinds of fruit during storage and thus prolong their shelf life to 18 days.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 645-649. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0645
This paper reported decontaminative effects of irradiation on the soy protein flour quality,including main nutrient components,sensitivity of urea enzyme and sensory index.The results show that the irradiation treatment is very effective in eliminating microorganism in soy protein flour.The higher the dose was,the more microorganisms were eliminated.At least 53% microorganisms were eliminated at 2.0 kGy irradiation.Eliminating ratios of 95%,97% and 100% were obtained at applied doses 4.0,6.0 and 8.0 kGy,respectively.The content of protein,crude fiber,total sugar and amino acid(except Leu) and urea enzyme would not vary much in the ranged of 2 to 8kGy.But the content of crude fat and lecithin in irradiated soy protein flour is significant different(at 0.01 level),and the content of isoflavone significantly decreased(at 0.05 level).Irradiation will not change the sensory index of soy protein flour much when irradiation dose is lower than 6.0 kGy.It was concluded that the optimal dose for bacteria decontamination of soy protein flour is in the range of 3.0～5.0 kGy for the sake of various quality factors.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 650-653. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0650
The konjac and acrylic acid were grafted by 4.0kGy()~(60)Co γ-rays irradiation.The water absorption property of copolymers was studied. The results showed that the optimum feed ratio was konjac powder∶acrylic acid∶NaOH(9.5mol/L)∶water=3g∶21ml∶17.8ml∶131ml.And the optimum reaction conditions: volume/mass ratio of acrylic acid and konjac was 7∶1,neutralization degree of acrylic acid was 55%,gel drying temperature was 30℃.The copolymer particle size of 40～80 mesh had the largest absorption of water,up to 886.5 times at room temperature.The water-absorption and water-holding capabilities were affected by temperature,and were better at the termperater lower than 60℃.The water absorption was also affected by pH and ion concentration of solution,and the ion concentration was the main factor.The largest water absorption at Na_2HPO_4-citric acid buffer was only 15.8% of which in distilled water at the optimum pH=6.
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DETECTING OF VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPOUNDS OF MEAT FROM YARD FEEDING HEZUO SWINE BY HS-SPME-GC/MS METHODJ4. 2008, 22(05): 654-660. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0654
HS-SPME and GC/MS were used to analyze the volatile components of meat from yard feeding Hezuo swine.When the samples were pre-treated at 60℃,50 kinds of flavor compounds were detected and identified 43 kinds of the compounds.When the samples were pre-treated at 80℃,168 kinds of flavor compounds were detected,and identified only 98 kinds of the compounds.Results showed that the important flavor compounds contributed to the flavor of yard feeding Hezuo swine meat were possibly some aldehydes,N-,S-containing compounds and furans.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 661-664+589. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0661
The effect of thickness,water content after pre-drying,explosion puffing temperature,vacuum drying temperature and time,dwell time and pressure difference on water content,crispness of explosion puffed potato chips were analyzed by using the technology of explosion puffing.The result showed that the thickness of the potato chips used was 2mm;potatoes could be puffed directly without pre-drying.The major factors that affected the quality of the products were explosion puffing temperature,vacuum drying temperature and time.Dwell time and pressure are not the major factors influencing the quality of the products,so 5min and 0.1Mpa were applied.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 665-668. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0665
Banana(Guangdong gaozhou'ai)fruit was treated with 200 nl/L 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) for 24h then kept at room condition(about 20℃),and the result showed that the increasing rate in soluble sugar and soluble solids content of the fruit pulp significantly reduced after 1-MCP treatment.Meanwhile,the rates of declining in firmness of the fruit were much lower in 1-MCP treated fruit than control,which suggested that 1-MCP could be applied to improve postharvest quality of banana without reducing nutrient values.However,20μl/L exogenous ethylene could not accelerate the ripening of banana fruits after 1-MCP treatment.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 669-673. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0669
A HPLC method for the rapid determination of geniposide in gardenia and its products was developed.Geniposide was extracted by ultrasonic,separated by the mobile phase of methanol-water on the Shimpack HRC-ODS column,and detected at 240nm by photodiode array detection.The results showed that geniposide could be extracted completely for 1 hour by ultrasonic.Geniposide presented a good linear relation between concentration and peak area within the range of 2～24μg/ml(r=0.9986).The relative standard deviation(RSD) of reproducibility and stability experiments was lower than 5% and the average recovery rate of geniposide was 98.13%,proving that the method was a simple accurate method with high reproducibility.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 674-678+599. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0674
The effects of coating treatment of essential clove leaf oil and its mixture with chitosan and calcium chloride on preservation of Dangshan pear were investigated at low temperature(0℃-2℃).The results indicated that treatment had significant preservation effect on Dangshan pear,the formula of 40μl/L essential clove leaf oil plus 1% chitosan and 1%.calcium chloride(DKLO2 treatment) showed the best preservation effect amoung 7 treatments.It could prominently delay the coming down of firmness and SSC,delay fruit respiration peak 10 days than control,restraint MDA,relative electric conductivity and PPO activity increasing.At storage of 30d,SOD activity increased 95.61%,CAT and POD activities were 2.22 and 4.28 times of control's,respectively.The shelf-life of Dangshan pear could reach 7 months after DKLO2 treatment.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 679-685. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0679
Traditionally,fruit juices have been concentrated by multi-stage vacuum evaporation,resulting in a loss of fresh juice flavors due to the thermal effects.The promising alternative is reverse osmosis concentration.However,it cannot reach concentrations larger than 25 to 30°Brix with a single-stage RO system due to higher osmotic pressure limitation.Technological advances related to the development of new membranes and improvements in process engineering have been proved to overcome this limitation.New membrane processes,including membrane distillation and osmotic distillation,and integrated membrane processes are still being identified and developed in concentrated fruit juice processing to improve product quality and reduce energy consumption.Recent advances and developments of membrane processes for concentrating fruit juices are reviewed,and research trends in membrane concentration techniques have also been discussed in this paper.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 686-692. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0686
Two wheat varieties were used to investigate the uptake of()~(137)Cs from the red soils with different radioactivity in Jangxi province,China.()~(137)Cs in all of the wheat plant was detected except the plants in holt soil,in which the radioactivity of()~(137)Cs was very low.And the ability of()~(137)Cs uptake from soil,expressed with TF,was in order of grass land(116.36)>drought rice soil(47.22)>drought cultivated soil(27.33)> forestry land(nearly to background) with Yang wheat-12,and grass land(194.92) >drought rice soil(16.54)>drought cultivated soil(13.41)> forestry land(nearly to background) with Yang wheat-158.The content of()~(137)Cs in different parts of wheat was: roots>stalk and hull>seeds.The()~(137)Cs uptake of wheat affects the estimation of soil erosion rates largely.The tow results of soil erosion rates predicted with Y-model in consideration of wheat uptake or not are different widely,from 2661.2 kg/(hm~2·a) to 10644.8 kg/(hm~2·a).We can amend quantitative models according to this conclusion.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 693-696+731. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0693
The dynamics of transportation,accumulation,disappearance and distribution of ~(60)Co in the wheat-soil system was studied by using isotope-tracer techniques for simulated pollutants,and the mathematical model of the behavior was established.Rescilts showed that(1) ~(60)Co was transported rapidly in the system after the application on soil surface layer.The uptake of ~(60)Co by wheat was mainly via root,and redistribution in all parts of wheat occurred consequently.The concentration in root was much higher than that in other parts of wheat plant.The specific activity of ~(60)Co in wheat plant rapidly increased to a maximum value,then decreased.The specific activity of ~(60)Co in each part of wheat plant was found in the order of root > straw > husk > seed.(2) ~(60)Co is mainly detained with in 6cm of soil surface,and specific activity of ~(60)Co in soil present a simple exponential declining with depth of soil.(3)The dynamic law can be described as multinomial exponential function of concentration in the wheat-soil system.(4)The wheat plant has certain ability to accumulate ~(60)Co from soil.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 697-700. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0697
Characters of flag leave of hybrid rice,Liangyoupeijiu and Shanjiu 63,were studied after the flag leave fully spread.The results showed that the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic rates of Liangyoupeijiu were higher than that of Shanyou 63,and electronic transport activities of thylakoid membranes(PSⅠand PSⅡ) increased first and then dropped.There was no obvious difference in activity of PSⅠ and PSⅡ amoung two hybrids,but the activity of PSⅡ dropping down earlier than PSⅠ.The disharmony between PSⅡ and PSⅠ may lead to free radical rising,which could be harmful to membranes.POD activity also increased first and then dropped;POD in Liangyoupeijiu was more active and lasted longer than that in Shanyou 63.The SOD activity in Liangyoupeijiu also lasted longer and stronger than that in Shanyou 63.There was no obvious difference in electron transport activities of thylakoid membranes between Liangyoupeijiu and Shanyou 63.That photosynthetic rates of Liangyoupeijiu were higher than that of Shanyou 63,which may be the possibly reason for that the protective enzymes in Liangyoupeijiu was more active than that in Shanyou 63.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 701-705. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0701
Canopy temperature(CT) has been considered as a physiological indicator of plant fitness,and can be used as an effective index in screening wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) for water use efficiency(WUE) and high yield.Field studies were conducted to examine the differences in CT and the relationships between CT with grain yield and WUE of forty winter wheat genotypes(collected from north China and America).The results showed that different genotypes showed considerable differences in CT,and the differences increased with the development of plant,the maximum differences was observed at mid-late grain filling stage.Among the genotypes studied,a highly negative correlation between CT with grain yield and WUE was established,throughout the grain filling stage and the negative correlation increased as grain filling proceeded.These results clearly indicated that the same genotypes maintained a consistent CT after middle grain filling,and those genotypes with high yield and WUE had low CTs,whereas the genotype with low yield and WUE genotypes had high CTs.It is suggested that CT at mid-late grain filling stage can be used as a parameter to estimate yield and WUE.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 706-711+692. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0706
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on quality of wheat(Triticum aestivum).Thirteen wheat cultivars were sown in three locations for two years to determine the genetics and environmental effects on 16 seed quality traits.The results showed that there were significant differences of wheat quality parameters among wheat cultivars and planting sites.The variances of hardness,PPO activity,AWRC,breakdown were pretty big,and the variances of swelling power,final viscosity and peak viscosity were relatively small.Effects of environment on pasting temperature,AWRC,peak time,protein content,wet gluten,PPO activity,yellow pigment content,swelling power,peak viscosity,breakdown,setback,Zeleny sedimentation value and hardness were greater than these parameters in genotype,but the effects of genotype were greater on SDS sedimentation value and final viscosity than the effects induced by the planted location.The viscosity is the most stability indice among the 16 quality traits.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 712-716. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0712
"Zhongren 1",a winter cultivar,cultivating with randomized block design with two factors,was used to study the effects of basic seedling and nitrogen application strategies on grain yield and protein components.The results showed that the plant height,spike length,grain yield,thousand-grain weight and test weight were significant difference among the treatments. The spike length and the number of grains per spike were positively correlated(r=0.931**).The spike length,spike kernels and the thousand-grain weight were reduced with the increase of the number of basic seedling,and they were significant difference among the treatments.It was the trend that the test weight was increased with the increase of the number of basic seedling.The grain yield was higher when the number of basic seedling was 450×10~4/hm~2.But there was no significant difference in the grain yield between the number of basic seedling 300×10~4/hm~2 and 375×10~4/hm~2,so the number of basic seedling could be 300×10~4～450×10~4/hm~2 in slightly late sowing date,according to actual sowing date and soil fertility.They were different in the response of the protein components to basic seedling,the Albumin and Globulin content were lower when the basic seedling was fewer,but the Glutelin and total protein content were higher.The Albumin,Globulin and Gliadin content were not significant difference among the treatments of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen application.The Glutelin and total protein contents were significant difference among the treatments of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen application,and it was the highest of the treatment of the ratio 3:7.There was of a trend that the total protein content was increased with the ratio of topdressing nitrogen application increase.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 717-721+673. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0717
The two genotype maize(Z-mays L.),Zhengdan 958 and Nongda 364,were used to analyze the differences of chlorophyll fluorescence of husk leaves,and the contents of chlorophyll as well as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic parameters were also tested.The results showed that the total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in the husk leaves of Zhengdan 958 were significantly higher than those of Nongda 364,from silking to filling period,indicating that chlorophyll in husk leaves of Zhengdan 958 obtained more light for photosynthesis,however Nongda 364 had a lower degradation rate,which was helpful in keeping photosynthetic activities.The great differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fo,Fm,Fv,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo, etc.) between the two genotypes indicated that Zhengdan 958 foundations physiological and biochemical to obtain higher biomass.In net photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency,Zhengdan 958 had a higher chlorophyll contents,but a lower net photosynthesis rate than Nongda 364.All these contribute to the results of eco-physiological adaptation of environmental changes.
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RESPONSE OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF RED SOIL ON GROWTH OF CITRUS(Citrus unshiu Marc.) SAPLINGS IN SPRINGJ4. 2008, 22(05): 722-725. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0722
In this study,2-year potted seedlings of satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.cv.MiyagaMa Mase) was selected as experimental material,and growing in red soil from Quaternary red clay to explore the effects of 5 soil moisture contents on growth of citrus saplings.The red soil moisture content was real time monitored by FDR and controlled exactly in five treatments of SMC30,SMC45,SMC60,SMC75 and SMC90(SMC means soil moisture content,five treatments were the 30%,45%,60%,75% and 90% of maximum water content in red soil field,respectively).The result showed that it was optimal for growth of citrus saplings when SMC was about 75%.With increasing of red soil moisture content,the root, spring shoot,cauline diameter,leaf area,leaf perimeter and leaf width all reached max valves when SMC was 75%.The index of roots growth,which included the root volume,total root length,root project area and surface area,had positive-significantly parabolic correlations with SMC.The index of leaves growth,including the leaf area,leaf perimeter,leaf width,leaf length,ratio of leaf length to width and leaf factor,were all affected to a certain extent whenever SMC was more or less by 75% as a boundary.Spring shoot length and stem diameter were inhibited when SMC was below 45%.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 726-731. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0726
Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows,blocked by lactation number,corrected milk yield in last lactation,and expected calving date,were designated into four treatments in a randomized block experiment.Graded levels(0,70,140,and 210g/d) of malic acid were supplemented in the four treatments.The effects of malic acid supplementation on feed intake,lactation performance,concentrations of blood metabolites and urine ketones in early lactation Holstein dairy cows were observed.The results showed that average feed intake,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,milk lactose percentage and milk dry matter percentage were not affected significantly by malic acid supplementation(P> 0.05).Milk yield and feed efficiency of 140g/d and 210g/d treatments were higher than control significantly(P<0.05).Concentrations of glucose in plasma of 140g/d and 210g/d treatments were also higher than control significantly(P<0.05),concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in plasma of 140g/d and 210g/d trentments were lower than control significantly(P<0.05),concentrations of urine ketones of 140g/d and 210g/d treatments were lower than 70g/d treatment and control significantly(P<0.05).These results indicated that the optimum dose of malic acid supplementation was 140g/d.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 732-738. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0732
New Yangzhou 56-week-old chickens of 600 were divided by 2×2 factor for the complete random into 4 groups with corn-soybean meal diet and different levels of calcium and phosphorus(high calcium and low phosphorus treatment, high calcium and high phosphorus treatment,low calcium and low phosphorus treatment,low calcium and high phosphorus treatment),and each treatment had 5 repeats. The effects of calcium and phosphorus level on layers bone metabolism were studied by RIA,dual-energy X-ray and scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that the laying rate in high calcium and high phosphorus treatment was significantly higher than those with two low calcium treatment(P<0.05);estradid(E2),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) level in high calcium and high phosphorus treatment was significantly higher than those with low calcium and low phosphorus treatment(P<0.05);The difference of bone gla protein(BGP),Parathyroid hormone(PTH),calcitonin(CT) among the treatments was not significant,the tibial index of high calcium and high phosphorus treatment was significantly higher than those of low calcium and low phosphorus treatment(P<0.01),and the bone micro-structure was also superior to low calcium and low phosphorus treatment.The studies also showed that the interaction of calcium and phosphorus significantly affected on bone metabolism of layers.When calcium and phosphorus level was 3.5% and 0.32% respectively,the production performance,endocrine,bone mineral density and bone microstructure of layers were desirable.
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J4. 2008, 22(05): 739-744. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.05.0739
Diazotization was used to conjugate sulfadimethoxine(SDM) to carrier protein BSA and obtained immunizing antigen.The coating antigen OVA-SDM was obtained in the same way,ultraviolet(UV)and SDS-PAGE were used to identify SDM artificial antigen.BALB/C mice were immunized with BSA-SDM,the titre of polyclonal antibody(pAb) was detemined by indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA.The hybridoma lines that secrete SDM mAb were established with using monoclonal antibody hybridoma technology.The immunological traits such as titer,affinity,sensitivity and specificity of the mAb were characterized.The results showed that SDM artificial antigen was synthesized successfully and its conjugation ratio of SDM to BSA was about 12.1∶1,three hybridoma cell lines of 1B4,3D9,4E1 were screened for specificity to SDM,the indirect ELISA titer of the mAb were 1∶3.2×10~2,1∶5.12×10~2,1∶8.10×10~2 in supernatant;1∶2.56×10~5,1∶2.56×10~5,1∶5.12×10~5 in ascites,the affinity constant(Ka)of 4E1 was about 1.25×10~(10)L/mol,the mAb of 4E1 showed good sensitivity with the IC_(50) of 16.64ng/ml to SDM,5% cross-reactivity to sulfamonomethoxine and little or no cross-reactivity to other compounds.SDM mAb of high-titer,sensitivity and specificity had been generated and made it possible to establish immunoassay of SDM residues in feed and animal food.
