20 December 2008, Volume 22 Issue 06
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 745-749. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0745
Wheat was implanted by ion beam and its mutant offspring plants were obtained through field selections and protein determination in the sixth generation.The mutants were with characteristic of high-protein content and dwarf.The mutants were analyzed by using SSR marker.Deletion,substitution of SSR various amplification products occured in two SSR loci in the mutants.Comparing the sequence of mutants and CK,one mutant showed low degree of sequence homology.Using BLASTn,the sequence shared 95% homology with DNA part of BAC clone in Triticum aestivum and A genome HMW glutenin in Triticum turgidum.All the results suggested that implantation of ion beam could cause DNA recombination that might be the causation of the high-protein mutant.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 750-755+765. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0750
52 SSR primers that gave stable profiles amplified in sample of the Maize inbred line"082"and its 48mutants were selected from 97 primers,and produced 170 polymorphic amplified fragments.The average number of allele per SSR locus was 3.27 with a range from 2 to 6.The polymorphism information content for the SSR loci varied from 0.039 to 0.715 with an average of 0.327.Genetic similarities among the 49 materials ranged from 0.377 to 1.000 with an average of 0.823.The 49 materials were divided into 6 groups by UPGMA.The results indicated that distinct variation existed among mutants.
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CONSTRUCTION OF INTEGRATION MAP AND CONSENSUS QTL IDENTIFICATION FOR GRAIN YIELD COMPONENTS IN MAIZEJ4. 2008, 22(06): 756-761+838. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0756
A total of 411 quantitative trait loci(QTL) conferring grain yield and its components of maize was collected and analyzed using bioinformatics tool,and the integration map containing 221 QTL was constructed by BioMercator 2.1 software using Genetic Map IBM2 2005 Neighbors as reference.Furthermore,one consensus QTL conferring ear number,kernel weight and grain yield was identified on chromosome 6 using meta-analysis method with LOD score value≥4.0,which was positioned between the markers bnlg1732 and bnl8.08c with map interval of 14.51 cM.The gene and marker sequences within the consensus QTL were downloaded respectively from website MaizeGDB,and 3 positional candidate genes were identified by comparing these sequences against other genes by software BLASTx in NCBI website.Using a synteny conservation approach based on comparative mapping between maize genetic map and rice physical map,a total of 53 rice and maize genes were projected onto maize genetic map IBM2 2005 Neighbors,and one gene involving in the expression of rice tilling was found in the consensus QTL,which was determined as the positional candidate gene for the grain yield of maize.The results provided useful information for identifying QTL conferring grain yield and its components and candidate genes in maize.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 762-765. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0762
Using 2 rapeseed cultivars with high-erucic acid and 2 rapeseed cultivars with low-erucic acid as donor materials,the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination and stem apexes growth of the materials were investigated under tissue culture condition.The results showed that the germination of the seeds was inhibited when the seeds were soaked with 4g/L NaCl and cultured by adding 10g/L NaCl to medium,and the germination rate of cultivars with high-erucic acid was higher than that of cultivars with low-erucic acid.However,compared the germination rate at 11d between the seed soaked with water and 4g/L NaCl solution,the germination rate of seed soaked with 4g/L NaCl was higher than that of the seed soaded with water for 2 cultivars with low-erucic acid,and the germination rate of the seed soaked with 4g/L NaCl was lower than that of the seed soaked with water for 2 cultivars with high-erucic acid.The stem apexes survival rate was obviously inhibited by adding 6g/L NaCl to medium and the inhibition for 2 cultivars with high-erucic acid was obviously lower than that of 2 cultivars with lowerucic acid.It was concluded that the germination and stem apexes growth of high-erucic acid materials presented much better than low-erucic acid materials under NaCl stress.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 766-769+802. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0766
In order to obtain a high-yield strain of wanlongmycin,the spores of wanlongmycin producing strain was mutated by 20 keV N~+ ions implantation with dose of 90×2.6 ×10~(13) N~+/cm~2 implantation and streptomycin resistance screening and inhibition zone method were applied to screen the mutants.The results showed a strain of high-yield of wanlongmycin was obtained and named WN939.The yield of WN939 was about 82.10% higher than that of the original strain by flask fermentation and rather stable through successive transfer of cultures.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 770-775. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0770
In this experiment,Moso seeds were irradiated by different doses of()~(60)Co γ rays and the effects on chromosomal aberration,nuclear aberration and mitosis of the root tip cells of were studied.The results indicated that γ-rays irradiation with lower doses could promote and stimulate mitosis of root tip cells,and with high doses could inhibit mitosis of root tip cell.Furthermore,γ-rays irradiation could induce many types of chromosomal and nuclear aberration,such as chromosome bridges,chromosome fragment,laggard chromosome(clump),free chromosome(clump),chromosome conglutination,micronucleus,minornucleus,double nucleus,nuclear budding,nuclear bleb,nuclear fragmentation and so on.The relationship between dosages and frequencies of chromosomal and nuclear aberration of root tip cells was fitted in the model of Y = 0.0390X-0.3756,Y=0.0530X-0.0783,respectively.The correlation coefficient was 0.8934 and 0.9982.The relationship between frequency of chromosomal aberration and frequency of Moso micronucleus of root tip cell was fitted in with the model Y=0.8836X-0.4525.The correlation coefficient was 0.8345,F=25.22>F_(0.01).
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 776-780. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0776
The effect of irradiated pollen was studied on overcoming incompatibility and incongruity in LA lily cultivar'Dazzle'(♀)×Lilium davidii.After 3～7 days of pollination,the pollen-tube growth in pistils was observed with fluorescence microscope.The results showed as follows: for normal pollination,pollen tubes stopped growthing in the styles when they strengthened to some length,forming callose at the top of them.For the pollination of mentor pollen and pioneer pollen,pollen tubes entered the ovary,and approached or might penetrated into the ovules.This indicated that the assisting pollination methods with irradiated pollen were able to overcome the pre-fertilization barriers of 'Dazzle'(♀)×Lilium davidii partly.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 781-788+859. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0781
To elucidate molecular mechanisms in the effects of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL,EC 4.3.1.5) gene on phenols accumulation in the underground tuber of yam,in the present study,the cDNA sequences of middle segment,3'-and 5'-ends in the same PAL gene were isolated from the underground tuber of Dioscorea alata L.cv.'Zixiao' by traditional PCR,RACE and TAIL-PCR with the designed primers,which were 1 145bp,1 151bp and 424bp in sizes,respectively.The three cDNA segments were combined and constituted a full-length 2376-bp cDNA sequence of PAL gene,which contains a 1986-bp largest open reading frame(ORF),a 28bp 5' noncoding region,and a 362-bp 3' noncoding region with a 25-nt poly(A~+).Its largest ORF putatively encodes a polypeptide of 661 amino acids containing the typical sequence of PAL enzyme activity centre region(GTITASGDLVPLSYIA).Both the calculated molecular mass and the theoretical pI of the deduced polypeptide are respectively 71.974kDa and 6.310.PAL gene in yam underground tuber shares the similarities of 73%～77 % and 76%～82 % at the levels of nucleotides and amino acids,respectively,to those of the selected other plant species reported in GenBank Database,which indicated that PAL gene was relatively conserved in systematic evolution.Analysis of the homologous gene expression by RT-PCR showed that it was expressed only in yam underground tuber and its expression abundance was gradually reduced before the harvesting.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 789-793. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0789
In order to elucidate the information on evolvement and categorization of LTPs,and clarify mechanism on LTP in pollen development among plants at gene level,LTP gene analogues from 10 species of 6 genera in Cuciferae were obtained by PCR strategy using specific primers designed from the full length of BcMF15,a putitive LTP gene which was male sterile related.The phylogenetic relationships of these species belonging to the family Cruciferae were investigated through comparison of the genes.Homologous sequences of BcMF15 comparison indicated that the similarities among the genes at nucleotide and amino acid levels were over 80% and 53%,respectively.The differences in genes at nucleotide and amino acid levels between species ranged from 0 to 1.1% and 0 to 4.0%,respectively,except for Raphanus those between genera were 0.1%-23.4% and 0.9%-5.0%,respectively.The conserved region of amino-acid sequences of BcMF15 orthologs included the transmembrane region in N-terminal;however there was some variation in C-terminal.These results showed that in Cruciferae the BcMF15 was relative conservative in evolution,and BcMF15 may play an important role in pollen development.The phylogenetic tree was thus constructed based on the alignment nucleotides sequences.The maximum parsimony(MP) trees showed that Brassica was closely related to Raphanus,followed by Capsella Medic,Arabidopsis Heynh and Barbarea,most distantly related to Orychophrogmus.It was concluded that BcMF15 gene was applicable to genus taxon because the differences of sequences in nucleotides and amino acids were lower between species than genera.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 794-797. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0794
In order to evaluate the biological effects of irradiation on germination and seedling growth of tartarian buckwheat,seeds of Jinqiao No.2,Xinong No.1,Jiujiang tartarian buck wheat were irradiated in the dose range of 0～500Gy.The results showed that with the increase of the irradiation doses,the germination rate,seedling height,root length of three varieties decreased,but the permeability of membrane,malondialdehyde concentration,activity of SOD and POD of seedling gradually increased.The activity of SOD of Jinqiao No.2 and Jiujiang tartarian buckwheat were observed "increase-decrease-increase" along with the dose increase from 0 to 300Gy.The radiosensitivity of 3 cultivars was in the order of Jiujiang tartarian buckwheat>Xinong No.1>Jinqiao No.2.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 798-802. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0798
The optimum concerntration of EMS was studied for mutagenesis of salt tolerance under another callus and leaf of strawberry in vitro culture.The results showed that the best combination of EMS concerntration and treatments time for callus was 0.1% +1.5h and 0.2%+1.0h;for leaf were(0.2%～0.4%)+(1.0～2.0h),respectively.It was found that the callus was more sensitive to EMS,The salt injury index and rate of regenerated plant from callus were lower than that from leaf,so the another callus was more suitabe for salt tolerance mutants.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 803-805. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0803
The mature seeds of Juncus effusus L.cultivar Gangshan No.3 were used as explants to investigate the effects of different concentrations and combinations of hormones on the callus induction and plant regeneration.The results indicated that the callus induction rate of mat rush's seed was the highest on the medium with MS+ 2.0mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5mg/L BA,and the induction rate reaches 74.7%; the callus differentiation rate was the highest on the medium with MS + 2.0mg/L KT + 0.5mg/L IAA,and the differentiation rate was 83.3%.In addition,regeneration of root and bud formation was affected significantly by the medium with different ratio of IAA and KT.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 806-810+815. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0806
Tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important lawn and pasture grass in agriculture,animal husbandry and lawn industry.The historical and present situations of tall fescue breeding were briefly introduced,and advances in the researches of molecular biology and germplasm enhancement by biotechnology in tall fescue were reviewed in the paper,which would provide the references for tall fescue breeding by biotechnology.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 811-815. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0811
The paper summarized the different screening and identification techniques on space-induced mutations and their applications on crop breeding.These techniques include morphological screening,cytological analysis,physical test, isozyme analysis,physiological analysis,molecular marker analysis,etc..The application status in such crops as rice,maize,wheat,tomato,pepper and rape were also reviewed
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 816-819. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0816
As specific marker,2-DCB could be used to detect whether the beef was irradiated or not, and evaluate the approximate absorbed doses if the storage temperature and time are known.The changes of the concentration of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone(2-DCB) with irradiation doses,storage time and temperature in irradiated beef were investigated.2-DCB was extracted and separated by silica gel column and analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that there was a significant linear relationship between irradiation doses at the range 0.5～5.0 kGy and the concentration of 2-DCB,and the amount of 2-DCB reduced during storage,but stored temperature did not effect it strongly.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 820-822. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0820
Irradiation could extend the shelf life of ham,but irradiation also facilitates the oxidation of fat.Different packaging materials and combination of antioxidants were used to deal with Rugao ham in order to lower the level of antioxidation caused by irradiation treatment.The peroxide value of fat was detected as the reference index.The results were indicated that the fat peroxide value of all samples increased within the storage of 100d,and then decreased.Aluminium film compound packaging showed a better effect than polyethylene plastic bag.The antioxidant combination of 0.5% tea-polyphenol,0.5% Vc,0.5% citric acid,5% sodium alginate,applied on 4 kGy irradiated samples was measured the lowest peroxide value of fat among all the treatments.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 823-828. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0823
The number of calibration sample and model optimization of using near-infrared spectroscopy for the measurement of amylose content and amino acid contents of milled japonica rice powder were studied.The Duncan's multiple ranger test was done for different number sample set of rice amylose,glutamic acid and leucine contents determination through near-infrared model predication analysis,which was appreciated by the optimal calibration determination coefficient(R~2) and cross-examination mean square errors(RMSECV).The test results showed that there were no significant difference of the amylose,glutamic acid and leucine contents when the amylase content sample set was 216,114 and 81;and glutamic acid sample set was 200,132 and 91;leucine content sample set was 200,113 and 70,respectively.The results indicated that the suitable sample,the numbers of sample and the optimized model must be selected,which would not only maintain the calibration equation precision, but also save the cost and reduce the manpower.It will keep the demand of modeling to choose 81,91 and 70 samples well distrbuted for amylose content,glutamic acid content and leucine content respectively in this study.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 829-833+850. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0829
28 dried Longjing tea samples from Zhejiang Province in China were subjected to principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),discriminate analysis(DA) by FT-NIR spectroscopy.The results showed that obvious spectral differences were observed.The difference of Longjing tea from different geographical origins was relatively unconspicuous,but recognizable.The near-infrared reflectance spectra of the tea are studied by the principal component analysis after mathematical treatment.It was indicated that principle component score of Longjing tea was positive and principal component of two different space distribution types expressed the characteristics of the tea samples,however,the characteristics can be defined as the particular features which distinguish Xihu Longjing tea from Zhejiang Longjing tea.And variation coefficient of characteristic parameters in spatial distribution of Xihu Longjing tea was larger than those of the other in Zhejiang province.It was concluded that applying FT-NIR fingerprint spectroscopy to trace geographical origin of tea is accurate,rapid with low cost.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 834-838. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0834
In order to identify the regional distribution of carbon and nitrogen isotope in tissues of cattle in Shaanxi province,Guanzhong District,as well as to identify the origin-tracing scope of isotope for cattle,the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values in cattle tail hair from Shaanxi were determined by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS),and the isotopic ratio distribution in cattle tail hair were analyzed using cluster analysis.The results showed that cattle samples from Yangling District and Mei County could be classified into one classification,cattle samples from Qian County and Yongshou County were clustered into the same classification,and samples from Linyou County were separated from others.But cattle samples from Qishan County,Fufeng County and Fengxiang County could not be obviously classified according to δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values,and they were distributed into different classifications.It was concluded that there were significant difference of δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values in cattle tail hair from different regions in Shaanxi Province.It may be feasible to trace the cattle geographical origin by using isotopic analysis technology.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 839-845. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0839
Carbon isotope discrimination(Δ~(13)C) has been proposed as indirect selection criterion for transpiration efficiency and grain yield in wheat.However, because of high cost for Δ~(13)C analysis,attempts have been made to identify alternative screening criteria.Ash content(m_a) has been proposed as an alternative criterion for Δ~(13)C in wheat and barley.A pot experiment with three water treatments(45%±5% FC,55%±5%FC and 75%±5%FC) was conducted and flag leaf Δ~(13)C(ΔL_a),contents of ash,potassium(K),magnesium(Mg) and calcium(Ca) were measured to study the relationships between Δ,mineral composition in spring planted bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).In the light of the results obtained in this research,the traits measured showed significant differences among the three water treatments.There were variations in ΔL_a between the genotypes derived from contrasting environments.The improved varieties or advanced lines bred in irrigated areas displayed higher Δ~(13)C values,while the improved and local varieties bred in rain-fed areas exhibited lower Δ~(13)C values.Significant positive correlations were found between Δ~(13)C and m_a in seedlings and second fully developed leaves at elongation stage and in flag leaves at anthesis stage in severe drought treatment(T_1)(r=0.790,P<0.01;r=0.788,P<0.01;r=0.656,P<0.05,respectively).Δ~(13)C was negatively associated with potassium(K) content in flag leaves in T_2(r=0.813,P<0.01) and positively with magnesium(Mg) content in flag leaves in T_2 and T_3(r=0.725,P<0.05;r=0.826,P<0.01,respectively) at anthesis.Significant positive correlation between Δ~(13)C and calcium(Ca) content in flag leaves in T_3(r=0.708,P<0.05) was also found in this study.These results suggested that m_a is a possible alternative criterion of Δ~(13)C in vegetative organs especially in stressed environments.K,Mg and Ca contents in flag leaf under moderate water stress or feasible water conditions might be new predictive criteria of ΔL_a.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 846-850. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0846
The influences of exposure time and concentrations of Cd~(2+) on the activities of different antioxidant enzymes(including superoxide dismutase SOD,catalase CAT and peroxidase POD) in Arundo donax L.were studied.The results showed that the activities of the enzymes were significantly increased when the Arundo donax L.was just treated with Cd~(2+) stress at beginning,and decreased as both the exposure time and the concentrations of Cd~(2+) increasing.The results suggest that in terms of seedlings of Arundo donax L.,the activities of the three enzymes will be higher than that of checksin early period of Cd~(2+) stress,which indicates that Cd~(2+) stress will lead to improvement of anti-oxidant ability of the seedlings,as is called the activation effect.With the plants growth,the metal will migrate into the body of plants,which will caurse physiological damage and exhibit the inhibitory effect.In the addition,the results also show that the decrease degree depends on the concentrations and the existence time of Cd~(2+).
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 851-855. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0851
Effects of LaCl_3 treatments on wheat seed(Triticum aestivum) the germination and seedling growth were studied under simulated acid rain condition.Compared with the corresponding controls,1～100mg/L LaCl_3 treatment could promote seed germination,raise plant dry weight,increase chlorophyll content,enhance root activity,promote root growth,reduce the MDA and proline content.The results indicated LaCl_3 treatment could enhance the resistance of wheat to acid rain adversity.Comprehensive analysis from germination,the vegetative growth and physiological indicators intered that the 10mg/L LaCl_3 treatment was the best among all the treatments.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 856-859. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0856
V_H gene and V_L gene of antibody against parathion were linked by a linker of 45nt to construct scFv gene and a recombinant plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli Origami 2 and then induced to be expressed by IPTG.SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis confirmed the expression of scFv gene, a recombinant protein of about 28kD was obtained.It was purified by metal affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA,and the purity reached 74.8%.ELISA assay revealed that the recombinant protein could specifically react with parathion.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 860-864. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0860
Two line and three line hybrid rice combinations and their male parents were used as materials to study correlation between the distribution of photosynthates of flag leaf at full heading stage of main crop and the yield of paling enesis rice by(()~(14)C) trace technique.The results showed that:(1) 80%～90% of photosynthates of flag leaf at full heading stage was distributed to panicle in main crop and 10%～20% of remnant was in leaves and stems,and the most was in flag leaves.Only about 5% was in stems and sheathes,and the amount in different internodes of stems showed a trend of the 1~(st) >the 2~(nd)>the 3~(rd)>the 4~(th) from the top.The ratio of remnant photosynthates in internodes below the 2nd to the total in stems was 1/3～2/3,and significant difference existed among varieties(combinations).(2) 52%～70% of remnant photosynthates in rice stubble was transported to palingenesis plants,and the part transported to panicles was most.(3) The more photosynthates distributed in stems and sheathes at maturity of main crop,especially in internodes below the 2nd from the top,the higher yield of palingenesis rice would get.(4) In this study,among four yield components,the grain number per panicle was the chief factor to affect yield of palingenesis rice.These results showed that choosing those varieties or combinations with bigger grain number per panicle and more remnant of photosynthates in stems and sheathes,especially in internodes below the 2nd at maturity of main crop would be benefit to gain higher yield of palingenesis rice under conditions in this study.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 865-868. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0865
()~(14)C-isotope tracer technique was used to estimate the photosynthetic capacity and photoassimilates distribution in two super hybrid rice combinations (Liangyou 293 and Zhunliangyou 527) compared with the control of Shanyou 46.The results showed that the total amount of photoassimilates per plant of the two super hybrid rice combinations was remarkably(1.49～1.96 times) higher than that of Shanyou 46 at different growth stages.The percentages of()~(14)C-photoassimilates partitioned into grains of the two super hybrid rice combinations were higher than those in Shanyou 46,and the rate of()~(14)C-photoassimilates partitioned into spike were also significantly faster than those in Shanyou 46.The results indicate that the two super hybrid rice combinations have higher photosynthetic capacity and photoassimilates transport capacity.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 869-874. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0869
SPAD value of leaf at different position of maize of loosely type and compact type Zhengdan 958,and the correlation of SPAD value of functional leaf in different growing stage to biomass were studied in field experiment.The results are as follow:(1)SPAD value increased with the rising of leaf position in the same maize variety,and reached the maximum in the leaf at middle of plant,then declined.There was no difference between two varieties;(2)The variation trend of the SPAD value in the same leaf position of two varieties was alike with the growth.SPAD value firstly increased with the growth of leaf,then kept during a stable middle age and followed by a decline with the aging of leaf.The SPAD value of lower leaf in compact type maize was significantly lower than loosely type in the middle-later period of growth,however,the SPAD value of top and middle leaf in loosely type maize were significantly lower than compact type maize in middle-later and later period of growth.(3)From seedling stage to silking stage,SPAD value of functional leaf had a positive relation with the single plant biomass,but there was no significant relationship between them after silking stage.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 875-879+886. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0875
Physiological responses and tolerance evaluation of pumpkin to Na_2CO_3 stress during seed germination were studied.The results showed that with Na_2CO_3 stress physiological indexes such as germination rate,seedling fresh weight,length of root,number of later root and length of hypocotyls had significant difference in compared with control,but the change of diameter of hypocotyls was not obvious.Relative conductivity,soluble sugar content and SOD activity increased,however MDA content and root activity increased first,and then dropped.The principal component analysis displayed that length of hypocotyls,number of later root,diameter of hypocotyls,germination rate,MDA content and soluble sugar content were important physiological indexes in Na_2CO_3 stress evaluation of pumpkin.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 880-886. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0880
The changes of photosynthetic characters including photosynthetic gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence and absorbed light allocation in seedlings of different sweet pepper under low light and lower temperature stress and their recovery were studied.The result showed that in sweet pepper plants treatment with lower temperature(15℃/8℃) or optimal temperature(25℃/15℃) under low light,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡin the light(Ф_(PSⅡ)),photochemical quenching(qP) and excitation energy to PSⅡphotochemistry(P) decreased,but antenna heat dissipation(D) and excessive energy(Ex) increased.The decrease of Pn under low light and lower temperature or optimal temperature was consider as a result of non-stomata restriction.The lower temperature reduced the tolerance-low-light of photosynthesis of sweet pepper leaves.Without low light and lower temperature stress,the carbon assimilation recovery of sweet pepper was found distinctly slower than photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ recovery.It also indicated that the tolerant capability of photosynthesis to low temperature and/or low light was different in different sweet pepper varieties.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 887-891+828. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0887
Sixteen Simmental steers consuming a corn straw diet were randomly assigned in a block design to treatments to evaluate the effects of different rumen by-pass copper levels on nutrients digestibility,nitrogen balance and serum parameter.Treatments consisted of 0(control),8,16 or 24mg of supplemental Cu(as rumen by-pass copper) per kg diet dry matter.The results showed that the digestibility of organic matter in group supplemented with 8 and 16 mg Cu/kg diet dry matter were higher than control and 24 mg/kg groups(P<0.05).The digestibility of crude protein,ether extract,nitrogen free extract,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in treatments increased significantly(P<0.05) compared with those of control.Digestible nitrogen,retention nitrogen and the utilization of nitrogen in group supplemented 16 and 24 mg Cu/kg diet dry matter were higher than those of 8 mg group(P<0.05).The apparent deposit rate of minerals and the concentrations of serum triglycerides,glucose,cholesterol total,albumin and total protein in treatments increased significantly(P<0.05) compared with those of control.Urine nitrogen concentrations in treatments decreased,16 and 24 mg groups obviously lower than control and 8 mg group(P<0.05).The activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase,glutamate pyruvate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were not affected by supplemental Cu(P> 0.05),however,the activities of serum ceruloplasmin,superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased by supplemental Cu(P<0.05) significantly.The concentrations of serum maleic dialdehyde significantly decreased by supplemental Cu(P<0.05),and serum Cu,Fe and Zn concentrations in treatments were significantly higher than control(P<0.05),however,no significant difference between treatments.Serum Mn concentrations decreased with no significant difference(P>0.05).These data indicate that nutrients digestion and utilization are improved by supplemented 8～16mg Cu per kg diet dry matter.The activities of serum enzyme increased and maleic dialdehyde concentration decreased by supplemented 16 mg Cu/kg diet dry matter.The results indicated that optimum rumen by-pass Cu supplemented dose was 8～16 mg Cu per kg diet dry matter.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 892-897+912. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0892
To evaluate the effects of daidzein on the production performance,blood parameter and the level of hormone secretion in laying hens,208 laying hens of 44 weeks old were divided randomly into four groups of fifty two each.Control group was fed basal diet.5,10 and 15mg/kg of daidzein were added to the basal diet for the other three groups,respectively.At the fourth,eighth and twelfth week,the effects of daidzein on the levels of growth,hormone and physio-biochemical parameters' levels in laying hens were measured.The main results showed the percentage of egg was increased and feed/egg ratio was improved in the different periods of the experiment;The daily egg mass in 15 mg/kg group was significantly increased in the different periods of the experiment;The free triiodothyronine(T_3) level in 10 and 15 mg/kg group were significantly increased(P<0.05) in the different periods of the experiment and the free thyroxine(T_4) level were significantly increased(P<0.01);With the increase of daidzein supplement,the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),glucose and uric acid was decreased by degrees;content of serum IGF-1(P<0.01) was decreased significantly in 5mg/kg group and,content of serum IGF-1(P<0.01) was increased significantly in 15mg/kg group;The content of serum insulin in each treatment group was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that in control group.Daidzein can improve the production performance,the level of hormone secretion and decrease the content of cholesterol of blood in laying hens of 44 weeks old.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 898-903. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0898
Immunogen antigen was prepared by active ester method coupling enrofloxacin to BSA.Balb/c mice were immunized with BSA-ENR.Hybridoma lines that secreted antibody against ENR were generated with cell fusion and Screened of hybridoma was screened by indirect competitive ELISA.ENR mAb was generated by inducing ascites in mice.A competitive ELISA kit for detect ENR was developed with ENR mAb and its traits were tested.Two hybridoma lines were filtered and the best one was 4G1-B3,which secreted ENR mAb with indirect ELISA titers of 1∶1.024×10~6 in ascites.Isotype of the two mAb was IgG_1.ENR mAb had a high affinity constant(Ka) with 9×10~(10)L/mol.The ENR-Kit had the linear detection range of 0.05～101.6μg/L,the sensitivity of 0.05 μg/L and a good sensitivity with an IC_(50) of 1.1μg/L to ENR,cross-reactivity to other compounds less than 0.01%.The average recoveres of ENR spiked in chicken,liver,fish and milk were 81.5%,87.6%,84.3% and 95% respectively.The coefficient variation was below 10%.The competitive ELISA ENR-Kit possesses characters of rapidity,sensitivity,specificity and briefness,which is to be used for the rapid detection of ENR residues in animal food.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 904-908. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0904
Mixed anhydridewas used to conjugate ractopamine(RAC) to bovine serum albumin(BSA) and obtained artificial immunogen BSA-RAC identified by ultraviolet and SDS-PAGE.Balb/C mice were immunized with BSA-RAC and hybridoma lines that secrete monoclonal antibody against RAC(RAC mAb) were generated with cell fusion.A blocking ELISA kit for detection RAC(RAC-Kit)was developed with RAC mAb and its traits were tested.The results showed that BSA-RAC was synthesized successfully and its conjugation ratio of RAC to BSA was about 24.5∶1.Three hybridoma lines were screened and the best one was 4D8,its affinity constant Ka was 1.65×10~(10)L/mol.The calibration curve of RAC-Kit was typical sigmoid curve fitted to the 4-parameter logistic equation with the linear detection of 1～170 μg/L,the sensitivity of 0.52μg/L and the detection limit of 1μg/L.The recoveries of RAC spiked in feed were 91.1% and in swine urine were 89.2%.The precision and accuracy of the assay as determined by inter-assay and intra-assay coefficient variation were below 15%.RAC-Kit had 22.3% cross-reactivity to dobutamine and cross-reactivity to other compounds.The validity of RAC-Kit in 4℃ was above 180d.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 909-912. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0909
Because of the extensive application of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in agricultural sciences,it is particularly important to study on the axiomatization of it's kinetic parameters and metrical relationship in methodology.However,the corresponding research work is relatively backward in China.Therefore,an attempt was made to describe the essence,signification and the correct application conditions of measurement parameters of PAM chlorophyll fluoremeter in this paper,as well as the derivation of relative measurement formula from perspective of axiomatization.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 913-917+922. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0913
Radionuclide fallout()~(137)Cs has been applied in soil erosion research by more and more researchers.However,confirmation of the()~(137)Cs background value was the premise and foundation of whether the results of soil erosion rates were correct or not,provided by using()~(137)Cs tracer technique.The current research results,including how to choose the()~(137)Cs reference sites,the()~(137)Cs reference inventory prediction model of global spatial distribution and the factors affecting the deposition of(()~(137)Cs) were reviewed.Finally,the problems,suggestions and prospects for future development in()~(137)Cs reference inventory were discussed.
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J4. 2008, 22(06): 918-922. https://doi.org/10.11869/hnxb.2008.06.0918
Based on the survey result,which investigated 22 related institutes and universities in the field of nuclear agricultural sciences in China in Sep.2007,this paper introduces the current status of research conditions,existing facilities and research progress on isotope tracing technology,new biological resources creation,research of nuclear irradiation and irradiation processing technology form 1996 to 2006.Due to not enough financial supports on this field,the development of nuclear agricultural sciences was slow down.However,the solid basis set up during last several decades,and the great efforts made by all the researchers,significant social and economic achievements were gained.Some of the researches have already taken the leading position in the world.
