Phoebe bournei （Hemsl.） Yang is an important and precious tree species in China. This study aimed to establish a genetic transformation system for P. bournei， pCAMBIA1300-GFP plasmid was constructed and transformed into seedlings with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. To optimize the transformation process， injection and soaking in bacterial solution were compared. Subsequently， an orthogonal ［L9（3³）］ experiment was employed to determine the optimal combination A. rhizogenes strain type， bacterial solution concentration， and seedling age. In addition， the effects of light intensity on induction and transformational rate of P. bournei hairy roots were also examined. The results showed that hairy roots induction and transformation rate with injection method were 80.0% and 66.7% respectively， whereas only 41.2% and 35.3%with soaking method. The main factors affecting the hairy root induction rate and genetic transformation of P. bournei were strain species. Notably， strain type exhibited a substantial influence on both induction and transformation efficiency of hairy roots. The maximum induction and transformation rates were 87.5% and 70.6% respectively. The optimal strain was K599 with concentration of OD₆₀₀=1.2， and the seedlings at the three-leaf stage was the best The seedlings growth， hairy roots induction and transformation efficiency of P. bournei seedlings under lower light intensity （50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1） were more favorable for seedling growth and transformation than high light intensity （100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）. This study established an efficient and steady transgenic system for P. bournei mediated by A. rhizogenes， thereby obtained transgenic hairy roots plants. That provided a useful platform for molecular genetic research of P. bournei and laying the foundation for important gene exploration， new germplasm development and genetic improvement of P. bournei.

To identify the GRAS gene family and analysis gene expression levels under exogenous hormones and abiotic stresses treatment in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of GRAS genes by bioinformatics method, analyzed the expression pattern under four hormones and two abiotic stresses with qRT-PCR, and developed molecular markers of SiGRAS23 based on the sequence differences. The results showed that there were 52 members of GRAS transcription factors in the whole genome of foxtail millet, the putative proteins are 362 to 734 AA in length with molecular weight from 39.81 to 100.09 kD and the isoelectric point from 4.85 to 9.53, most of them are hydrophilic proteins and 82.69% of them are acidic proteins. SiGRAS transcription factors were divided into ten subfamilies. Heatmap of FPKM values showed that the genes of each subgroup had obvious tissue expression specificity. The LISCL, DELLA and SHR subfamily genes have higher expression levels in leaves, stems and roots, respectively. PAT1 and HAM subfamily genes express in constitutive patterns, with the highest expression levels in leaves. The promoter region contains a variety of cis-acting elements responded to plant hormones and stress response. The gene expression levels were diverse even among members of the same subfamily under different hormones and abiotic stresses. Among them, seita.2g369400, belonging to PAT1 subfamily, was the most sensitive to six different treatments, while the expression level of some genes was very low in various tissues and organs, and hormones and abiotic stresses treatments. There were some differences in the gene sequence of SiGRAS23 between Aininghuang and Jingu 21, which are the parents of AJF₅ genetic population. The marker D8-1 developed with SiGRAS23 was closely linked with plant height. This study laid a foundation for analyzing the functions of SiGRASs involved in hormone signal transduction and stress response. The molecular marker developed by SiGRAS23 can be used to select variations in plant height of foxtail millet germplasm in the future.

To explore the mechanism of Eriobotrya japonica in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to explore the common target of loquat leaf and type 2 diabetes. In this study, TCMSP, Uniprot, Genecards, Venny, DAVID and other databases were used to map the interaction network and perform GO(Gene Ontology) and KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis. The molecular docking was verified by autodock tools. 19 ingredients and 294 related targets were collected from TCMSP datebase, then 89 common targets of type 2 diabetes and loquat leaf active components were obtained in Venny 2.1.0, corresponding to 10 active substances such as EGCG, quercetin, kaempferol and β-sitosterol. Then the ‘active ingredient-disease target’ network map was constructed. The results indicated that the active components of loquat leaves regulated type 2 diabetes through regulating oxidative stress response, serine/threonine kinase activity, responding to lipopolysaccharide and epithelial cell proliferation, then regulating AGE-RAGE(Advanced glycation end products and the receptor for advanced glycation end products), HIF-1(Hypoxia inducible factor-1) and PI3K-Akt(Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase-protein kinase B) signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy of the main active components on α-glucosidase was less than-9.0 kcal·mol^-1, which had very strong binding activity. The semi-inhibitory concentrations of 7 active ingredient such as EGCG, quercetin and kaempferol on α-glucosidase were in the range of 1.11~80.04 μmol·L^-1, as measured by in vitro enzyme activity assay. The inhibitory effects were better than those of acarbose, which can be used as efficient α-glucosidase inhibitor as the main active ingredient of loquat leaf in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the mechanism of active ingredients of loquat leaf on the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes, and provided research ideas for the follow-up development of hypoglycemic drugs from natural products.

To study the mass spectral fragmentation pathways of primary aromatic amines by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The data was collected under electrospray negative ion mode, and the fragmentation pathways of 14 primary aromatic amines were derived by the precise mass-to-charge ratio of the first and second mass spectrometry ions. The results showed that the existence of amino groups in molecular structure could easily be protonated to form [M+H]⁺, and the cracking process mainly lost the neutral molecule NH₃ and produced [M+H-NH₃]⁺. After that, the chlorinated anilines underwent carbocation rearrangement and then lost the chlorine atoms, resulting in characteristic fragment ion [·M+H-NH₃-Cl]⁺. Methoxy substituted anilines lost the CH₃O group and produced [M+H-NH₃-CH₃O]⁺, or carbocation transferred and rearranged to benzyl, further losing CH₃ and CH₃O groups. Methyl or methoxy substituted benzidine compounds also can undergo CN bond cleavage to form [M+H-NH]⁺, and then lost the neutral molecule NH₃ to produce [M+H-NH-NH₃]⁺. Azobenzene compounds are not easy to break the azo bond with high bond energy, and the fragment ions are mainly formed by breaking the CN bonds on both sides. The best ionization mode and mass spectral fragmentation pathways proposed in this study provides an important basis for the rapid identification and analysis of such primary aromatic amines.

To clarify the effects of storage time and low storage temperature on the nutrition quality of rapeseed stem， two oil-vegetable rapeseed cultivars Zheyou 51 and Zheyouza 108 were used as materials. 3 storage times （stored at 4 ℃ for 1， 2， 3 d） and 3 storage temperatures （stored at -20， -40， -80 ℃ for 10 d） were set， and the contents of sugars， vitamins， cellulose and lignin during storage were analyzed. The results showed that vitamin C and vitamin B₁ showed a rising trend first and then falling in two varieties， while vitamin B₆， fructose， sucrose and cellulose showed an upward trend with the extension of storage time under 4 ℃. Vitamin E were raised in Zheyouza 108， while it increased first and then decreased in Zheyou 51. The starch content gradually decreased in two varieties. Paraffin section staining results showed that the cellulose area in Zheyou 51 and lignification area in Zheyouza 108 were increased with the extension of storage time. Under different storage temperatures， the content of all the nutrition except cellulose were the highest in fresh sample， while cellulose contents reached the highest in -20 ℃. Fructose， sucrose and cellulose contents can match the fresh level at -80 ℃ in two varieties， while the content of vitamin B₁ and E were better under -40 ℃ in Zheyou 51. In conclusion， the appropriate shelf life of rapeseed stem should be within 2 d when storing at 4 ℃. For low storage temperature， -40 ℃ and -80 ℃ were better than -20 ℃. The results of this research provides a theoretical basis for daily storage and consumption of rapeseed stem and the multi-functional utilization of rapeseed.

Mulching technique is a widely used agricultural technology. The traditional plastic film currently in use brings huge economic benefits， but also induces serious ecological pollution problems and affects the sustainable development of agriculture， so the development of environmentally degradable mulching films is an inevitable trend. This study systematically describes the research progress and application status of the preparation materials， preparation technologies and products of photodegradable mulching film， biodegradable mulching film， photo/biodegradable mulching film， liquid mulching film and plant-fiber mulching film at home and abroad， as well as the advantages and shortcomings of the five types of degradable mulching films， and provides an outlook on the research direction and development prospects of plant-fiber mulching film. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further development of green， environmentally friendly and completely biodegradable agricultural mulching films to promote green and sustainable development of agriculture.

To clarify the molecular mechanism of spike of mutant sui1， the phenotype identification and the transcriptome analyses of rachis and peduncle in different growth stages （tooting stage as T1 and filling stage as T2） were performed. The results showed that the spike mutant had shorter length of rachis and peduncle， lower plant height and aggravated incidence of FHB. Results of transcriptome analyses showed that at the same period， the differentially expressed genes between mutant and parent in peduncle was more than that in rachis， and there were more differentially expressed genes at tooting stage than at filling stage in rachis. A total of 2 526 differentially expressed genes was screened， among which 890 were up-regulated， 1 636 were down-regulated. The study of gene ontology classification found that genes annotated with molecular functions in different tissues were equally enriched and most of them were focused on ATP binding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that plant-pathogen interaction pathway had the most enriched genes. The highest enrichment factors of rachis in different stages were carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. The highest enrichment factor of peduncle in different tissues was photosynthesis-antenna proteins pathway. From plant-pathogen interaction pathway， 160 related genes were selected. There were 63 genes related to the defense response （39%）， 21 genes related to protein kinase activity （13%） and 18 genes related to ADP binding（11%）. It is speculated that these genes may be important for the rachis and spike type of wheat mutant sui1. This study provides data support for further exploring the molecular mechanism and gene regulation network of wheat spike type variation in the future， and also provides important information for the wheat yield and disease resistance.

In order to explore the changes of root morphological distribution， nutrient accumulation and yield under different root configuration maize varieties intercropping， monoculture and intercropping treatments were conducted both in the field and pot-cultivation to study the variation characteristics of intercropping of maize （Zea mays L.） on root traits， spatial distribution， nutrient accumulation and grain yield， two maize varieties JS501 （small root angle type） and LY16 （large root angle type） with different root system architecture were used as experimental materials. The results showed that the total root length， total root surface area， total root volume and root diameter of maize population under intercropping treatments increased by 10.19%， 19.55% and 15.95% on average compared with monoculture treatments， respectively. But there was no significant change in root diameter between intercropping and monoculture treatment. In 0~20 cm soil layer， the total root length， total surface area and total volume of maize in intercropping were 15.27%， 21.82% and 9.44% higher than those in monoculture， and 12.95%， 9.18% and 20.31% higher than monoculture at 20~40 cm， respectively. Intercropping enlarged the horizontal distribution of JS501 root and extends outward by 5 cm， deepened root vertical distribution by 10 cm in intercropping treatments and increased root length density by 26.03% on average in 40~60 cm soil layer. Intercropping also significantly improved root activities by 27.83% compared with monoculture. The accumulation of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium in intercropping population increased by 18.27%， 14.79% and 15.75% on average compared with monoculture， respectively. Land equivalent ratio was more than 1 under intercropping and dry matter weight and grain yield were increased significantly by 11.03% and 15.36% on average compared with monoculture， respectively. Path analysis showed that total root surface areas significantly affected the accumulation of N and K， which indirectly affected dry matter accumulation and 100-grain weight， and significantly increased grain yield under intercropping conditions. However， the correlation coefficient between factors in monoculture was lower than that in intercropping. In summary， intercropping changed the spatial distribution of maize roots with different root architecture and increased the proportion of roots in deep soil. It reshaped root architecture in 40~60 cm soil layer， improved root activities and make use of the root spatial complementary. These characteristics promoted the nutrient accumulation and increased grain yield. This study provided a theoretical and practical strategy for high efficiency of nutrient resources and sustainable agriculture.

In order to dissect the genetic mechanism of plant height and map the quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) in maize, we used maize inbred lines PH4CV and Zheng 58 as the recurrent and donor parents respectively to construct a BC₁F_3:4 segregation population. Plant height in this population was evaluated for in four environments. Phenotypic analysis showed that the genotypic differences of plant height was great, and the correlations of plant heights evaluated in the four environments were strong, indicating that plant height in different environments had common genetic basis. The population was genotyped using gene chips containing 55 000 SNPs. By genome-wide association analysis, we detected ten significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the false positive rate (FDR) at 0.05, and identified a significant SNP hotspot on chromosome 2. The SNP Chr2_194690794 on chromosome 2 had the highest -log₁₀ (P) value. Linear regression analysis revealed that Chr2_194690794 had the largest additive effect and explained the largest phenotypic variation. For Chr2_194690794, the genotype derived from PH4CV had a positive contribution to maize plant height. Using a BC₁F_5:6 population, we further verified the linkage between Chr2_194690794 and plant height, proving that there was a real QTL on chromosome 2. This study laid a foundation for fine mapping of plant height QTLs.

In order to explore the protective effect of Artemisia argyi essential oils (AAEO) on H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of carp liver, the oxidative injury model of carp liver was established using H₂O₂ as an inducer, and the diets containing 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g·kg^-1 AAEO were fed to protect it. After treatment for 30 days, the serum and liver were collected to detect the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and the contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The structure of liver tissues in carp was observed by histological method. The relative expression levels of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn-SOD, GPx, CAT, and transcription factor (Nrf2) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the exposure of H₂O₂ for 30 days could increase the activities of ALT and AST, while decrease the contents of TP and ALB in serum, H₂O₂ could reduce the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, while elevate the MDA concentration in serum and liver. H₂O₂ could cause the pathological damage and inhibit the expression of antioxidant genes of liver tissues. AAEO could inhibit the increase of ALT and AST activities and the decrease of TP and ALB contents, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, relieve the pathological damage of liver tissue, and induce the expression of antioxidant genes by activating Nrf2. In conclusion, AAEO has a certain protective effect on H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of carp liver, which can provide basic information for further exploring AAEO as a green and safe antioxidant.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the optimal concentration and time of EMS treatment of grain sorghum， and to create new germplasm of grain sorghum. In this study， the parental lines 2055B and 10125 of grain sorghum were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate （EMS） with different times and concentrations， and investigated the effects of EMS mutagenesis on agronomic traits such as seedling emergence， leaf color， leaf shape， panicle shape， fertility and growth period. The results showed that the emergence rate， seedling survival rate and seed setting rate of the two grain sorghum parent lines decreased with the increase of treatment time and concentration， while the mutation rate increased with the increase of treatment time and concentration.The same level of treatment had different inhibitory effects on the two parents， and the inhibitory effects of the restorer line 10125 on the emergence rate， seedling rate and seed setting rate were lower than those of the maintainer line 2055B. Considering the emergence rate， seed setting rate and mutation rate， the optimal mutagenesis treatment time and concentration of 2055B were 14 h and 0.25%， and the optimal mutagenesis treatment time and concentration of 10125 were 14 h and 0.3%. We obtained mutant material by observing， identifying and screening M₂ phenotypes， such as early maturity， dwarf， tiller， and etc. And a mutant library of grain sorghum was preliminary constructed， which can provide new germplasm and basic materials for sorghum breeding and functional gene mapping.

To clarify the current situation of heavy metal content in the muscles of commercially available freshwater fish in Hubei， Guangdong， Henan and Heilongjiang provinces， 133 samples of 11 species of freshwater fish were collected from September to October 2021 in 11 cities and districts the above four provinces， Concentrations of chromium （Cr）， copper （Cu）， total arsenic （As）， cadmium （Cd）， mercury （Hg） and lead （Pb） in muscle were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The results of the pollution evaluation according to the National Standard for Food Safety Limits for Contaminants in Food （GB 2762-2017） showed that the five heavy metals Cr， Cu， Cd， Hg and Pb did not exceed the limits in the tested samples， while the content of As in freshwater Lateolabrax japonicus and Channa argus exceeded the limit （0.1 mg·kg^-1）， with levels of 0.182～0.738 mg·kg^-1 and 0.180～0.628 mg·kg^-1， respectively.Both of them were cumulatively significantly different （P<0.05） with other freshwater fishes. Samples with total As content above 0.1 mg·kg^-1 were further tested for inorganic arsenic by liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry （LC-AFS）. The results were all non-detect， indicating that their inorganic arsenic content was in a very low percentage of the total arsenic content. The single pollution index and integrated pollution index method were used to evaluate the contamination status and variability of the six heavy metal elements in the tested freshwater fish， and the results showed that a low risk of heavy metal contamination in currently commercially freshwater fish in the four provinces， providing a reference for clarifying the quality and safety of freshwater fish in these regions and carrying out aquatic product safety assessment.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus （ToBRFV） belongs to the genus Tobamovirus in the Virgaviridae family and is classified as a quarantine virus in China， posing a serious threat to the safety of tomato production. Signal transduction system plays an important role in plant disease resistance， and phospholipid signaling is crucial in the process of extracellular resistance signal transduction. Phospholipase C （PLC） is critical in the transmembrane signaling of the phospholipid signaling system. In this study， we first identified 10 tomato PLC genes based on bioinformatics， including seven phosphati-dylinositol-specific phospholipase C （PI-PLC） and three non-specific phospholipase C （Non-specifc -PLC， NPC）， the seven PI-PLC PLC proteins have three core structural domains （PLC_X c， PLC_Y c， C2） and an EF_hand-like structural domain， and the three NPC proteins only have a phosphoesterase structural domain. 10 tomato PLC proteins can be divided into seven branches according to their structural similarity， namely NPC1， NPC2， NPC6， PI-PLC2， PI-PLC3， PI-PLC4 and PI-PLC6. In addition， the 10 tomato PLC secondary structures were similar in proportion， but there were significant differences in tertiary structures. Co-linearity analysis showed that there were 3， 12 and 16 pairs of co-linear relationships between the distribution of tomato PLC genes and rice， Arabidopsis and Raymond-type cotton PLC genes. Finally， to clarify which tomato PLCs are involved in the plant defense response against ToBRFV， this study examined the relative expression levels of the PLC gene family after ToBRFV inoculation by transcriptome sequencing， and the results showed that SlNPC1， SlNPC6 and SlPLC4 were expressed at higher levels in the ToBRFV-inoculated samples， while the expression levels of other PLC genes were reduced after ToBRFV inoculation. This study lays the technical and theoretical foundation for tomato ToBRFV resistance research and breeding.

In order to investigate the quality differences of highland barley powder prepared by different milling methods, ultra-fine grinding, stone milling, and industrial milling equipment are used to grind highland barley. Different milling methods did not have significant impact on the apparent structure of highland barley flours, but they significantly affected the nutrient content and flour characteristics. Superfine flour showed a bright color (L^* value of 88.45) and high content of damaged starch (24.76%). Its powder disintegration value, bulk density and tap density are 643 mPa·s, 0.34 g·mL^-1, and 0.50 g·mL^-1, respectively. The superfine grinding flour showed good thermal paste stability and high solubility (19.57%), retrogradation value (583.8 mPa·s) and swelling degree (8.74%). Stone milling flour had low damaged starch content (11.48%), but high oil holding capacity (1.03 g·g^-1), water holding capacity (7.18 g·g^-1) and freeze-thaw stability (water separation rate <66%). Industrial milling flour showed high repose angle (55.5°), slip angle (70.5°), bulk density (0.39 g·mL ^-1), tap density (0.63 g·mL^-1) and peak viscosity (2 407 mPa·s^-1), but low retrogradation value (110 mPa·s) and solubility (14.98). This study provides a reference to select suitable grinding methods for the improvement and application of highland barley flour.

The “3414” randomized block design was used to explore the rational fertilization technology for efficient cultivation of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in lateritic red soil area, and the fertilizer effect and its effect on the yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii Benth were investigated in lateritic red soil in central and southern Guangxi area under the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The Optimal Fertilization Formula of Pueraria thomsonii Benth planting was determined by fitting the fertilizer benefit function equation. Results showed that yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii was influenced by different fertilizer treatments. In comparison to no fertilization treatment, the average yields of low amount fertilization treatment, medium amount fertilization treatment and high fertilization treatment were significantly increased by 59%, 87% and 42%, respectively. The content of starch and the content of puerarin had different requirements for amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Pueraria thomsonii Benth. The content of starch (40%) in low amount nitrogen (N) fertilization treatment were the highest. The average content of Puerarin was 1.65 (mg·g^-1) in low treatments higher than other treatments. The interaction effect of fertilizer showed that there was a positive interaction between N and P, while there was a negative interaction between N, P and K. Considering the yield and quality of Pueraria lobata, N₁P₂K₂ combined application scheme could give more attention to the yield and quality of Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Aiming at the yield, quality and economic benefits, the multiple regression models was optimized. It was clear that the fertilization scheme for the yield of Pueraria thomsonii Benth≥35 000 kg·hm^-2 and economic benefits ≥150 000 yuan·hm^-2 in lateritic red soil in central and southern Guangxi area was nitrogen application rate (N) 312~455 kg·hm^-2, phosphorus application rate (P₂O₅) 397~547 kg·hm^-2 and potassium application rate (K₂O)362~489 kg·hm^-2. The results provide scientific basis for precise and standardized fertilization of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in lateritic red soil area.

In order to understand the diversity of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots in Guizhou Province, and screen the endophytic Trichoderma with antagonistic activity. The antagonistic activity of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots against seven plant pathogens were analyzed by tissue isolation, confront test and determination of antifungal activity of fermentation broth, and the diversity of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots. The results showed that 16 endophytic Trichoderma were isolated from the Vaccinium uliginosum, and the 16 strains were divided into T. virens, T. koningiopsis, T. harzianum and T. pubescens by according to rDNA-ITS and EF-1α gene sequence, with similarity of 98%~100%. The separation rate IR, separation frequency IF, Shannon-Weiner index H, Simpson index D, Margalef index M and Pielou index E of endophytic Trichoderma in the blueberries roots were 8%, 15.53%, 0.4777, 0.9917, 2.4914 and 0.3446 respectively. The 16 strains of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots inhibited the growth of 7 pathogens. The inhibition rate to Alternaria alternata, Fusarium graminearum, Diaporthe longicolla, Neofusicoccum parvum, F. oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum acutatum was 35.01%~76.38%, 58%~67.68%, 55.10%~73.53%, 52.24%~70.00%, 25.80%~52.99%, 37.18%~66.76%, 37.37%~70.53%, respectively. The aseptic fermentation broth with 5 strains of Trichoderma showed that Trichoderma fermentation broth inhibited the growth of 6 pathogens except for Neofusicoccum parvum, the highest inhibition rate on Diaporthe longicolla was 46.71%. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis for biological control of blueberries diseases.

In order to clarify the different tolerance of cucumber germplasm to NaCl, the salt-tolerant material MC2065 and salt-sensitive material White cucumber were used to verify the appropriate concentration of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl. And nine physiological and biochemical indexes, including salt tolerance index, chlorophyll, and protective enzymes under NaCl treatment were used to evaluate the salt-tolerances of 21 germplasms. The results showed that 100 and 150 mM could be the appropriate concentration.The salt injury index of White cucumber was 35.94% in 100 mM NaCl, showing obvious damage to leaves, while that of MC2065 was 4.69% and showed no obvious damage. Under 150 mM, both showed obvious damage, more than half of leaves were withered for White cucumber, but less than half for MC2065. With cluster analysis, 21 germplasms were divided into 3 groups. The first group categorized as salt-tolerant germplasm, including ZQ3, N26-5-1, Shoushui 1, DRTJY-2, Laixi, Cuiyu, 20S077-1. The second group, including DJ04, DY-1, XY1, YY9123, M2XT, D1503, X805, was medium salt-tolerant germplasm. And the third group was salt-sensitive germplasm, which included F6-3-1, SJ11-1, XB23, 20S091-1, HLT-921h, AZ-1, DRT345. The trend of comprehensive scores of cucumber germplasm by the compoment analysis was basically consistent with that obtained by cluster analysis and seedlings survival rate. The study will provide references for investigating cucumber salt-tolerant mechanism and lay a foundation for the breeding of cucumber salt-tolerant varieties.

The fertility， adaptability and stability of potato are important indicators for potato popularization and application. Because of the differences in the performance of different characters by various environmental factors， it is necessary to screen and identify varieties （lines） in different ecological zones. In this study， the yield and plant traits of advance lines and main cultivars were analyzed by GGE （Genotype + genotypes and environment interactions） biplot， and the potato varieties （lines） with wide adaptability， high yield， stability and suitable for mechanization were selected. The effect of genotype-environment interactions on yield traits and plant traits were detailed， which provide a reference for potato breeding and selection of varieties in different ecological regions. Twenty two advance lines and thirteen main cultivars were selected to plant in three pilot sites in Weiyuan County， Anding District and Yongchang County of Gansu province from 2020 to 2021. Eight plant traits such as number of main stems and nine yield traits such as plot yield were measured. Analysis of variance was applied for analysis of significance. GGE biplot was used for analysis of adaptability， productivity and stability. Concurrently， the distinctiveness and representativeness of pilot sites were evaluated. Variance analysis showed that the effect of genotype on natural and absolute plant height were significant， and the sum of squares of genotype effect and the ratio to total variance was 66.63% and 56.56% respectively. The effect of genotype-environment interactions on peduncle length and yield of large tuber per plant were significant， and the sum of squares of interactions effect and the ratio to total variance was 27.86% and 27.05% respectively. The effect of environment on number of branches and yield of tuber per plant were significant， and the sum of squares of environment effect and the ratio to total variance was 55.82% and 25.52%. GGE analysis showed that yield and stability of varieties （lines） were generally consistent in different years. The genotypes with highest yield were G1， G33 and G10 in Weiyuan County， Anding District and Yongchang County. G32 was the most stable in the three pilot sites. Yongchang County had the strongest distinctiveness among varieties （lines） in 2020. Anding District had the strongest representativeness to target environment in 2021. GGE biplot can intuitively showed the results of varieties （lines） test in three sites between 2020 and 2021， and screen and evaluate varieties （lines） were G33， G12 and G3 were high yield， stable and suitable for mechanization， while G28， G26 and G23 were high yield， unstable and unsuitable for mechanization. The genotype-environment interactions had the greatest influence on peduncle length and yield of large tuber per plant. Combined with distinctiveness and representativeness， Weiyuan county was the best pilot sites in this experiment. According to the adaptability and stability of varieties （lines）， the varieties （lines） suitable for planting in different ecological regions with high yield， stability and suitable for mechanization were selected， which will provide reference and theoretical basis for the subsequent registration and promotion of varieties.

In order to alleviate the effects of insufficient chilling on abnormal flower bud differentiation in plum which was common in the main plum producing areas in southern China， breeding new varieties of plum with high quality was an urgent need. Sanyueli （Prunus salicina L.）， which had the characteristics of early-maturing and low-chilling-requirement， was selected as the material. The annual branches of Sanyueli were chosen for Cobalt 60-ray （⁶⁰Co-γ） irradiation （50 Gy）， and then single-bud was grafted on the branch of 3-year-old peach （Prunus persica L.）. Among the grafted seedlings， a mutant with obvious variation in color and maturity stage was obtained. It was finally named Fuhong. To evaluate the quality and advantages of Fuhong and breed new varieties， the differences between Fuhong and Sanyueli in morphological characteristics， biological characteristics， quality characteristics， disease resistance， and yield were compared through phenotypic observation， quality analysis and molecular identification. The results showed that Fuhong retained the characteristic of low-chilling-requirement of Sanyueli. Furthermore， its color of peel and flesh were mutated into purple red， and the maturity period was delayed about 40 d. The weight of single fruit of Fuhong increased by 2.67 times， which was significantly higher than that of Sanyueli （P < 0.01）； and the content of soluble solid， the ratio of sugar to acid were also significantly higher than those of Sanyueli （P < 0.01）. The regional test in three ecological areas of Fujian showed that Fuhong had excellent and stable yield performance， higher than that of Sanyueli. This new plum variety Fuhong had the advantages of low-chilling-requirement， red flesh， large fruit weight， high sweetness and better quality. It would be preferable in market promotion.

To clarify the physiological mechanism of drought stress on grain filling and the effect of spraying exogenous spermidine (Spd) on alleviating drought stress, maize varieties with strong drought-resistance, Zhengdan958 and weak drought-resistance, Liyu16 were used as research materials and cultivated in the isolated pool with rain shelter in order to control soil-water conditions. And the combined experimental treatments of soil drought stress and spraying exogenous Spd at silking stage were conducted to analyze the influences of exogenous Spd on antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves, endogenous hormone content and grain plumpness during grain filling. The results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced F_v/F_m and F_v/F_o, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation by 16.95%~23.16%, but decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and hydrogen peroxidase (CAT) activities by 11.93%~26.69% of ear leaves for two maize varieties. Simultaneously, drought stress significantly increased the Spd and abscisic acid (ABA) contents by 15.79% ~ 22.28%, and decreased zeatin and zeatin riboside (Z+ZR) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents by 10.39% ~ 13.30%, then finally affected the grain plumpness at grain filling stage, resulting in a decrease of 36.33 and 24.03 mg in grain weight for Liyu16 and Zhengdan958, respectively. Spraying exogenous Spd alleviated the effects of drought stress on F_v/F_m and F_v/F_o of ear leaves, contributed to weakening the oxidative damage for cell membrane, and increased the grain weight of 5.60~11.74 mg during grain filling stage. The final grain weight of Liyu16 and Zhengdan958 increased by 11.74 and 9.11 mg, respectively. However, exogenous Spd had no significant effect on endogenous hormone contents in grains. In addition, Zhengdan958 with strong drought-resistance had higher F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o and antioxidant enzyme activities, lower MDA accumulation under drought stress, whereas spraying exogenous Spd had a stronger regulatory effect on Liyu16 with weak drought-resistance. It is suggested that when applying exogenous Spd in maize production, the suitable spraying time should be selected according to the drought-resistance characteristics of varieties to facilitate grain filling and yield formation. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for drought-resistant cultivation of maize.